Existentialism - Overview

Existentialism - Overview: Encyclopedia II - Existentialism - Overview

Existentialism was inspired by the works of Søren Kierkegaard, Fyodor Dostoyevsky and the German philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche, Edmund Husserl, and Martin Heidegger. It became popular in the mid-20th century through the works of the French writer-philosophers Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir whose versions of existentialism are set out in a popular form in Sartre's 1946 L'Existentialisme est un humanisme, transla ...

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Existentialism - Existentialism in popular culture

Existentialism - Overview: War and Peace

The preamble to the United Nations Charter sums up the existential dilemma of today:

"Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that defences of peace must be constructed".

In a land where history had sought to be sketched in an arc from Gautama to Gandhi, it is appropriate reflect on such defences and revive them today when war and terrorism have cast their shadow on the world.

Read more here: » Peace on Earth: War and Peace

Existentialism - Overview: Silence of Words Inspired Osho

Osho makes a special mention of one unique book which not many people know of. He says: "There are millions of books in the world, but The Book of Mirdad stands out far above any other book in existence

It is a small book, but the man who gave birth to this book - and mind my words, I am not saying 'the man who wrote this book', nobody wrote this book - was an unknown, a nobody. And because he was not a novelist, he never wrote again; just that single book contains his whole experience. The name of the man was Mikhail Naimy.

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Existentialism - Overview: The Spiritual Type You Think You Are

An academic can be a spiritualist, if he realises the limitations of the intellectual realm. As Jiddu Krishnamurti says, mind and thought are the source of evil. T S Eliot, inspired by the Gita, celebrates stillness amidst movement, fixity amidst fluidity, silence amidst music. The throbbing of the mind is the origin of alienation from life - the intellectual tends to divorce mind from body, but unity can be achieved through the pursuit of yoga and meditative techniques.

Read more here: » Life and Death: The Spiritual Type You Think You Are

Existentialism - Overview: The Spirit of Easter Brings New Hope

Easter is not the remembrance of an esoteric event whose scope and significance were confined to Jesus of Nazareth. Understood in terms of its spiritual symbolism, Easter is a celebration of hope in respect to the human predicament.

The Bible insists that Jesus was both human and divine. The patterns of his experience are hence relevant to the life of every human being. According to St Paul, Jesus was 'like unto us', except that he was 'sinless'. Jesus came to this world to demonstrate what every human being who is in harmony with the will of God can attain and experience.

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Existentialism - Overview: Focus On Healing Wounds Of Past

Healing in popular parlance means to recover bodily health. In a deeper sense, it also means recovering our true identity in relation to the Self, cosmos, and God.

So when we say we need to heal the wounded subcontinent, it means three things - tending the wound, recovering health, and recognising the interconnectedness of our individual identities and that of the subcontinent.

Read more here: » Peace on Earth: Focus On Healing Wounds Of Past

Existentialism - Overview: Individual Will No Match for Mad Mobs

In the 60s, a communal riot shook a certain town. I was surprised, for it was a new settlement grown around a huge industry. The population was largely labourers and officials from all over India. There was no tradition of animosity between communities; they were united by a common existential necessity.

One winter evening, on a visit to the town, I asked my friends, "Where did so many violent people come from, all of a sudden?"

Read more here: » Peace on Earth: Individual Will No Match for Mad Mobs

Existentialism - Overview: Channel Destructive

The recent killings in the land of the Mahatma, the apostle of peace and non- violence, raises a very serious question. Is human consciousness being governed by the tenets of a few religious texts or is it capable of transcending all barriers for the sake of universal brotherhood?

Christians have killed Jews. Jews and Muslims are fighting all the time. Hindus have a long history of wars going back to the time of the Mahabharata. Despite the advancement of science, people continue to fight on national, religious or racial criteria.

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Existentialism - Overview: A Glowing Tribute To The Tenth Guru

The individual's moral fibre had to be strengthened through basic convictions. With this farsightedness, the tenth and last Guru, Gobind Singh, set about honing the faith's dynamics through innovation and personal example. His rigorous self-discipline and inner fortitude were exemplified by his equanimity and poise in the face of tragedies few encounter in their lifetime.

He was nine when he received the head of his father Guru Tegh Bahadur, beheaded in Delhi on the orders of the Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb. His father had chosen martyrdom to demonstrate to Aurangzeb - and the people of India - that a man convinced of his moral purpose and inalienable right to practise his own religion, is unafraid to die.

Read more here: » Guru Gobind Singh: A Glowing Tribute To The Tenth Guru

Existentialism - Overview: Encyclopedia - Phenomenology

Phenomenology is a current in philosophy that takes the intuitive experience of phenomena (what presents itself to us in conscious experience) as its starting point and tries to extract the essential features of experiences and the essence of what we experience. It stems from the School of Brentano and was mostly based on the work of the 20th century philosopher Edmund Husserl, and was developed further by philosophers such as Martin Heidegger, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Max Scheler, Hannah Arendt, and Emmanuel Levinas. As such, phenomeno ...

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Phenomenology - Precursors and influences

Phenomenology - Transcendental phenomenologists

Phenomenology - Realist phenomenology

Phenomenology - Realist phenomenologists

Phenomenology - Existential phenomenology

Phenomenology - Currents influenced by phenomenology

Existentialism - Overview: Encyclopedia - Anxiety

Anxiety is a complex combination of the feeling of fear, apprehension and worry often accompanied by physical sensations such as palpitations, chest pain and/or shortness of breath. It may exist as a primary brain disorder or may be associated with other medical problems including other psychiatric disorders. Anxiety is often described as having a cognitive, a somatic, an emotional and a behavioral component (Seligman, Walker & Rosenhan, 2001). The cognitive component entails expectation of a diffuse and uncertain danger. S ...

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Existentialism - Overview: Encyclopedia - Existence

There is no universally accepted theory of what the word existence means. The dominant (though by no means universal) view in twentieth-century and contemporary Anglo-American philosophy is that existence is what is asserted by statements of first order logic of the form "for some x Fx". This agrees with the simple and commonsensical view that, in uttering "There is a bridge across the Thames at Hammersmith", or "A bridge crosses the Thames at Hammersmith", we are asserting the existence of a bridge across the Thames at Hammersmith. The word "existence", on this view, is simply a way of describing the logi ...

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Existentialism - Overview: Encyclopedia - Materialism

In philosophy, materialism is that form of physicalism which holds that the only thing that can truly be said to 'exist' is matter; that fundamentally, all things are composed of 'material' and all phenomena are the result of material interactions. Science uses a working assumption, sometimes known as methodological materialism, that observable events in nature are explained only by natural causes without assuming the existence or non-existence of the supernatural. Materialism - Overview. The first detailed ...

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Existentialism - Overview: Encyclopedia - Theatre

Theatre is that branch of the performing arts concerned with acting out stories in front of an audience using combinations of speech, gesture, music, dance, sound and spectacle — indeed any one or more elements of the other performing arts. In addition to the standard narrative dialogue style, theatre takes such forms as opera, ballet, mime, kabuki, classical Indian dance, Chinese opera, mummers' plays, and pantomime. Theatre - Overview of theatre. "Drama" (literally translated, is defined as: Action, alt ...

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Existentialism - Overview: Encyclopedia - Conspiracy theory

A conspiracy theory attempts to explain the cause of an event as a secret, and often deceptive, plot by a covert alliance rather than as an overt activity or natural occurrence. The term "conspiracy theory" is used by scholars and in popular culture to identify a type of folklore similar to an urban legend, having certain regular features, especially an explanatory narrative which is constructed with cert ...

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Conspiracy theory - Controversies

Existentialism - Overview: Encyclopedia - Eastern philosophy

The usefulness of dividing philosophy into Western philosophy and other philosophies is open to challenge, not the least for speaking down to those other philosophies. To say this is not to deny that there are important traditions in philosophy that are intimately bound up with historical and geographical circumstances. The term Eastern philosophy refers very broadly to the various philosophies of Iran, India, China, and Japan. When one uses the term "philosophy" in an academic context, it typically refers to the philoso ...

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Eastern philosophy - Philosophical and religious traditions

Eastern philosophy - Syntheses of Eastern and Western philosophy

Existentialism - Overview: Encyclopedia - Meditation

Meditation like yoga originated in Vedic Hinduism many centuries ago, it was much later adopted into a wide variety of practices of religious and non-religious formats which emphasize mental activity or quiesscence. The English word comes from the Latin meditatio, which originally indicated every type of physical or intellectual exercise, but which later could perhaps be better translated as "contemplation." This usage is found in Christian spirituality, for example, when one "meditates" on the sufferings of Christ; as w ...

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