Encyclopedia - Exarch: Encyclopedia Ii - Exarch - Byzantine Empire
The term often refers to the Exarchate of Ravenna, which governed the area of Italy that remained under Byzantine control after the recon...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Metropolitan Bishop: Encyclopedia - Metropolitan Bishop
In hierarchical Christian churches, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan, pertains to the bishop of a metropolis; that...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal Conclave: Encyclopedia - Papal Conclave
A papal election is the method by which the Roman Catholic Church fills the office of Bishop of Rome, whose incumbent is known as the Pop...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Catholic Church Hierarchy: Encyclopedia - Catholic Church Hierarchy
In its application to the Catholic Church, the term hierarchy originally referred to the "holy ordering" of the entire People of God. It ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal States: Encyclopedia - Papal States
The Papal States (Gli Stati della Chiesa or Stati Pontificii, "States of the Church") was one of the major historical states of Italy bef...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Primate Religion: Encyclopedia - Primate Religion
Primate (from the Latin Primus, "first") is a title or rank bestowed on some bishops in certain Christian churches. Depending on the part...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heraclius: Encyclopedia Ii - Heraclius - The War Against Persia
When Heraclius took power, the Empire was in a desperate situation. Phocas's initial revolt had stripped the Danube frontier of troops, l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Catholic Church Hierarchy: Encyclopedia Ii - Catholic Church Hierarchy - Ecclesiastical Offices In The Hierarchy Of The Catholic Church
Catholic church hierarchy - Patriarchs. Patriarch is the title for the highest-ranking bishop of an autonomous church or federation of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ravenna: Encyclopedia Ii - Ravenna - Early History
The origins of Ravenna are uncertain. The first settlement is variously attributed to the Tyrrhenians, the Thessalians, or the Umbrians. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Exarchate Of Ravenna: Encyclopedia Ii - Exarchate Of Ravenna - The Exarchate
The exarchate was organised into a group of duchies (i.e the Duchy of Rome, Duchy of Venetia, Duchy of Calabria, Lucania, Spoleto etc) wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Primate Religion: Encyclopedia Ii - Primate Religion - Roman Catholic Church
In the Western Church, a Primate is an archbishop (or rarely a suffragan or exempt bishop) of a see (called a primas) which confers prece...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Rome: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Rome - Ancient Rome
History of Rome - Origins. Further information: Founding of Rome, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]], and    » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal Conclave: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal Conclave - Historical Development
The procedures relating to the election of the Pope have undergone almost two millennia of development. Procedures similar to the present...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lombards: Encyclopedia Ii - Lombards - History
Lombards - Origins and conquest of Italy. Their own traditions (preserved in the Origo Gentis Langobardorum) describe how they were for...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal States: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal States - Origins
The Roman Catholic Church spent its first three centuries as an outlawed organization and was thus unable to hold or transfer property. A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lombards: Encyclopedia Ii - Lombards - History
Lombards - Origins and conquest of Italy. Their own traditions (preserved in the Origo Gentis Langobardorum) describe how they were for...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Rome: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Rome - Medieval Rome
History of Rome - Barbarian and Byzantine rule. In 476, the last Western Roman emperor Romulus Augustus, a puppet (like almost all empe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lombards: Encyclopedia Ii - Lombards - Historic Kings Of The Lombards
Lombards - Lething Dynasty. Tato (???) Lombards - Another Dynasty. Wacho (died 539) Waltari (539 - 546) Lombards - Gausian Dynas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lombards: Encyclopedia Ii - Lombards - Historic Kings Of The Lombards
Lombards - Lething Dynasty. Tato (???) Lombards - Another Dynasty. Wacho (died 539) Waltari (539 - 546) Lombards - Gausian Dynas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lombards: Encyclopedia Ii - Lombards - Sources
Much of our knowledge of the mythological and semi-mythological early history of the Lombard people comes from Paul the Deacon's History ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lombards: Encyclopedia Ii - Lombards - Historic Kings Of The Lombards
Lombards - Lething Dynasty. Tato (???) Lombards - Another Dynasty. Wacho (died 539) Waltari (539 - 546) Lombards - Gausian Dynas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ravenna: Encyclopedia Ii - Ravenna - Medieval And Modern History
The Lombards, under King Liutprand, occupied Ravenna in 712, but were forced to return it to the Byzantines. However, in 751 the Lombard ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Exarchate Of Ravenna: Encyclopedia Ii - Exarchate Of Ravenna - The End Of The Exarchate
During the 6th and 7th centuries the growing menace of the Lombards and the Franks, and the split between eastern and western Christendom...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal States: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal States - Italian Nationalism And The End Of The Papal States
Italian nationalism had been stoked during the Napoleonic period but dashed by the settlement of the Congress of Vienna, which left Italy...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal Conclave: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal Conclave - Modern Practice
In 1996, John Paul II promulgated a new Apostolic Constitution, called Universi Dominici Gregis (Shepherd of the Lord's Whole Flock), whi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal States: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal States - The Era Of The French Revolution And Napoleon
The French Revolution proved as disastrous for the temporal territories of the Papacy as it was for the Catholic Church in general. In 17...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal States: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal States - The Renaissance
During the Renaissance, the papal territory expanded greatly, notably under Pope Alexander VI and Pope Julius II. The Pope became one of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal States: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal States - The Donation Of Pippin And The Holy Roman Empire
When the Exarchate finally fell to the Lombards in 751, the Duchy of Rome was completely cut off from the Byzantine Empire, of which it w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lombards: Encyclopedia Ii - Lombards - Sources
Much of our knowledge of the mythological and semi-mythological early history of the Lombard people comes from Paul the Deacon's History ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Papal Conclave: Encyclopedia Ii - Papal Conclave - Historical Voting Patterns
The newly elected pope often contrasts dramatically with his predecessor, a tendency expressed by the Italian axiom "After a fat pope a l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heraclius: Encyclopedia Ii - Heraclius - Legacy
Although his defeat of the Persians produced no lasting benefit to the empire, Heraclius still ranks among the greatest of the Byzantine ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heraclius: Encyclopedia Ii - Heraclius - The War Against The Arabs
Unfortunately for Heraclius' war-weary empire, and unknown to him at the time, Muhammad had only recently succeeded in unifying all the n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Exarchate Of Ravenna: Encyclopedia Ii - Exarchate Of Ravenna - Introduction
Ravenna became the capital of the Western Roman Empire in 404 under Honorius due to its fine harbor with access to the Adriatic and ideal...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Primate Religion: Encyclopedia Ii - Primate Religion - Anglican Communion
The title is often encountered in the churches of the Anglican Communion, which is divided into provinces each of which usually has a met...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Catholic Church Hierarchy: Encyclopedia Ii - Catholic Church Hierarchy - Origin And Use Of The Term Hierarchy
Pseudo-Dionysius is credited as the first to attribute a specific hierarchy to the church. Christians were found in one of three orders: ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Exarch: Encyclopedia Ii - Exarch - Ecclestiastical Exarchates
Exarch - Orthodox Churches. In the Orthodox Church, an exarch is still a prelate: an inspector of monasteries, a deputy of the Patriarc...   » Read the article