Exarch

The term often refers to the Exarchate of Ravenna, which governed the area of Italy that remained under Byzantine control after the reconquest by Belisarius for Justinian. The Byzantine Exarchs of Africa nominally governed Sardinia and Corsica. Ravenna had become the capital of the western Roman Empire in 404 under Honorius. It remained the capital of Italy under the Ostrogoths, and after the reconquest became the seat of the provincial governor (539). Ravenna remained the seat of the Exarch until the revolt of 727 over Iconoclasm. Th ...

See also:

Exarch, Exarch - Byzantine Empire, Exarch - Ecclestiastical Exarchates, Exarch - Orthodox Churches, Exarch - Bulgarian Exarchate, Exarch - Catholic, Exarch - Fictional uses

Read more here: » Exarch: Encyclopedia II - Exarch - Byzantine Empire

In hierarchical Christian churches, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan, pertains to the bishop of a metropolis; that is, the chief city of an old Roman province, ecclesiastical province, or regional capital. In the Western patriarchate of the Roman Catholic Church, metropolitans have supervisory authority over the other bishops in their ecclesiastical province, called suffragan bishops. They also have authority over the dioceses in their province when there is a vacancy caused by the death or ...

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A papal election is the method by which the Roman Catholic Church fills the office of Bishop of Rome, whose incumbent is known as the Pope, the head of the Church. The electors form a conclave, from the Latin phrase cum clave ("with a key"), referring to the "locking away" of the electors during the process. Conclaves have been employed since the Second Council of Lyons decreed in 1274 that the electors should meet in seclusion. They are now hel ...

Including:

• Papal conclave - Historical development
• Papal conclave - Electorate
• Papal conclave - Choice of the electors
• Papal conclave - Secular influence
• Papal conclave - Conclaves
• Papal conclave - Modern practice
• Papal conclave - Death of the Pope
• Papal conclave - Beginning of the election
• Papal conclave - Voting
• Papal conclave - Acceptance and proclamation
• Papal conclave - Historical voting patterns
• Papal conclave - Notes

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In its application to the Catholic Church, the term hierarchy originally referred to the "holy ordering" of the entire People of God. It is now almost exclusively used to refer to the holy ordering of the clergy of the church, those who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders. All churches that adopt a "catholic principle" of ecclesial order—Catholics, Orthodox, Anglicans, etc.—acknowledge a threefold hierarchical order which was divinely inspired and therefore a permanent structural feature of the church: Bishops ...

Including:

• Catholic church hierarchy - Origin and use of the term Hierarchy
• Catholic church hierarchy - Ecclesiastical offices in the hierarchy of the Catholic Church
• Catholic church hierarchy - Patriarchs
• Catholic church hierarchy - Cardinals
• Catholic church hierarchy - Minor Patriarchs or Titular Patriarchs
• Catholic church hierarchy - Major Archbishops
• Catholic church hierarchy - Primates
• Catholic church hierarchy - Archbishops and Metropolitans
• Catholic church hierarchy - Titular Archbishops
• Catholic church hierarchy - Bishops and Eparchs
• Catholic church hierarchy - Titular Bishops
• Catholic church hierarchy - Superiors General of Religious Orders
• Catholic church hierarchy - Prelate Nullius
• Catholic church hierarchy - Archimandrite
• Catholic church hierarchy - Abbot or Abbess Nullius
• Catholic church hierarchy - Abbot or Abbess
• Catholic church hierarchy - Exarch
• Catholic church hierarchy - Vicar Apostolic
• Catholic church hierarchy - Prefect Apostolic
• Catholic church hierarchy - Diocesean Administrator
• Catholic church hierarchy - Prefect of a Personal Prelature
• Catholic church hierarchy - Vicars General
• Catholic church hierarchy - Vicars Episcopal
• Catholic church hierarchy - Vicars Canonical
• Catholic church hierarchy - Protonotary Apostolic
• Catholic church hierarchy - Provincial Superior
• Catholic church hierarchy - Vicars Forane Deans
• Catholic church hierarchy - Prelates of Honor of His Holiness
• Catholic church hierarchy - Canons
• Catholic church hierarchy - Chaplains of His Holiness
• Catholic church hierarchy - Archpriests
• Catholic church hierarchy - Archdeacons
• Catholic church hierarchy - Pastors
• Catholic church hierarchy - Local Superior
• Catholic church hierarchy - Hieromonks
• Catholic church hierarchy - Parochial Vicars
• Catholic church hierarchy - Deacons
• Catholic church hierarchy - Subdeacons
• Catholic church hierarchy - Diocesean Scholastics
• Catholic church hierarchy - Catechists
• Catholic church hierarchy - Installed Acolyte
• Catholic church hierarchy - Installed Lector
• Catholic church hierarchy - Links

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The Papal States (Gli Stati della Chiesa or Stati Pontificii, "States of the Church") was one of the major historical states of Italy before the boot-shaped peninsula was unified under the Piedmontese crown of Savoy (later a republic). The Papal States comprised those territories over which the Pope was the ruler in a civil as well as a spiritual sense before 1870. This governing power is commonly called the temporal power of the Pope, as opposed to his (unique and more essential) ecclestiastical primacy. The plural is u ...

Including:

• Papal States - Origins
• Papal States - The Donation of Pippin and the Holy Roman Empire
• Papal States - The Renaissance
• Papal States - The era of the French Revolution and Napoleon
• Papal States - Italian nationalism and the end of the Papal States
• Papal States - Institutions

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Primate (from the Latin Primus, "first") is a title or rank bestowed on some bishops in certain Christian churches. Depending on the particular tradition, it can denote either jurisdictional authority (title of authority) or ceremonial precedence (title of honor). Primate religion - Orthodox Christianity. In the Orthodox churches, Primate is often used in the general sense of the head of an autocephalous or autonomous church, but not as a specific title. Thus, the Patriarch of Moscow and All R ...

Including:

• Primate religion - Orthodox Christianity
• Primate religion - Anglican Communion
• Primate religion - Roman Catholic Church
• Primate religion - Regular equivalent
• Primate religion - Sources and References

Read more here: » Primate religion: Encyclopedia - Primate religion

When Heraclius took power, the Empire was in a desperate situation. Phocas's initial revolt had stripped the Danube frontier of troops, leaving the most of the Balkans at the mercy of the Avars. The Persian King Chosroes II, who had been an ally of Maurice, used his death as an excuse to launch a war against the Byzantines. Chosroes had at his court a man who claimed to be Maurice's son Theodosius, and Chosroes demanded that the Byzantines accept him as Emperor. The Persians had slowly gained the upper hand in Mesopotamia over the course of Phocas's reign; when Heraclius' revolt resulted in civil war, the Persians took advantage ...

See also:

Heraclius, Heraclius - Origins, Heraclius - The revolt against Phocas and the accession of Heraclius, Heraclius - The war against Persia, Heraclius - The war against the Arabs, Heraclius - Legacy, Heraclius - External link

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Catholic church hierarchy - Patriarchs. Patriarch is the title for the highest-ranking bishop of an autonomous church or federation of local eparchies (dioceses) with effective jurisdiction over all its bishops. The Pope, as bishop of Rome, is the Patriarch of the Latin Rite (Roman) Catholic Church. As such he is also the first ranked among the patriarchs and head of the college of bishops in the entire Catholic Church. Most of his authority and the daily activity of the roman curia are in fact ...

See also:

Catholic church hierarchy, Catholic church hierarchy - Origin and use of the term Hierarchy, Catholic church hierarchy - Ecclesiastical offices in the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, Catholic church hierarchy - Patriarchs, Catholic church hierarchy - Cardinals, Catholic church hierarchy - Minor Patriarchs or Titular Patriarchs, Catholic church hierarchy - Major Archbishops, Catholic church hierarchy - Primates, Catholic church hierarchy - Archbishops and Metropolitans, Catholic church hierarchy - Titular Archbishops, Catholic church hierarchy - Bishops and Eparchs, Catholic church hierarchy - Titular Bishops, Catholic church hierarchy - Superiors General of Religious Orders, Catholic church hierarchy - Prelate Nullius, Catholic church hierarchy - Archimandrite, Catholic church hierarchy - Abbot or Abbess Nullius, Catholic church hierarchy - Abbot or Abbess, Catholic church hierarchy - Exarch, Catholic church hierarchy - Vicar Apostolic, Catholic church hierarchy - Prefect Apostolic, Catholic church hierarchy - Diocesean Administrator, Catholic church hierarchy - Prefect of a Personal Prelature, Catholic church hierarchy - Vicars General, Catholic church hierarchy - Vicars Episcopal, Catholic church hierarchy - Vicars Canonical, Catholic church hierarchy - Protonotary Apostolic, Catholic church hierarchy - Provincial Superior, Catholic church hierarchy - Vicars Forane Deans, Catholic church hierarchy - Prelates of Honor of His Holiness, Catholic church hierarchy - Canons, Catholic church hierarchy - Chaplains of His Holiness, Catholic church hierarchy - Archpriests, Catholic church hierarchy - Archdeacons, Catholic church hierarchy - Pastors, Catholic church hierarchy - Local Superior, Catholic church hierarchy - Hieromonks, Catholic church hierarchy - Parochial Vicars, Catholic church hierarchy - Deacons, Catholic church hierarchy - Subdeacons, Catholic church hierarchy - Diocesean Scholastics, Catholic church hierarchy - Catechists, Catholic church hierarchy - Installed Acolyte, Catholic church hierarchy - Installed Lector, Catholic church hierarchy - Links

Read more here: » Catholic church hierarchy: Encyclopedia II - Catholic church hierarchy - Ecclesiastical offices in the hierarchy of the Catholic Church

The origins of Ravenna are uncertain. The first settlement is variously attributed to the Tyrrhenians, the Thessalians, or the Umbrians. Ravenna consisted of houses built on piles on a series of small islands in a marshy lagoon - a situation similar to Venice several centuries later. The Romans ignored it during their conquest of the Po River Delta, but later accepted it as a federated town into the Roman Empire in 89 BC. In 49 BC, it was the location where Julius Caesar gathered his forces before crossing the Rubicon. Later, after his battl ...

See also:

Ravenna, Ravenna - Early history, Ravenna - Exarchate of Ravenna, Ravenna - Medieval and Modern history, Ravenna - Sights

Read more here: » Ravenna: Encyclopedia II - Ravenna - Early history

The exarchate was organised into a group of duchies (i.e the Duchy of Rome, Duchy of Venetia, Duchy of Calabria, Lucania, Spoleto etc) which were mainly the coastal cities in the Italian peninsula since the Langobardos or Lombards held the advantage in the hinterland. The civil and military head of these imperial possessions, the exarch himself, was the representative at Ravenna of the emperor in Constantinople. The surrounding territory reached from the boundary with Venice in the north to the Pentapolis at Rimini, the border of the ...

See also:

Exarchate of Ravenna, Exarchate of Ravenna - Introduction, Exarchate of Ravenna - The Exarchate, Exarchate of Ravenna - The End of the Exarchate, Exarchate of Ravenna - Exarchs of Ravenna

Read more here: » Exarchate of Ravenna: Encyclopedia II - Exarchate of Ravenna - The Exarchate

In the Western Church, a Primate is an archbishop (or rarely a suffragan or exempt bishop) of a see (called a primas) which confers precedence over the other bishops of his own province, or over a number of provinces (possibly part of a province), such as a 'national' church in (historical) political/cultural terms. This precedence gives no additional authority over these other bishops, such as that exercised by a Metropolitan bishop. The term is generally found in the older Catholic countries, and is now purely honorific, enjo ...

See also:

Primate religion, Primate religion - Orthodox Christianity, Primate religion - Anglican Communion, Primate religion - Roman Catholic Church, Primate religion - Regular equivalent, Primate religion - Sources and References

Read more here: » Primate religion: Encyclopedia II - Primate religion - Roman Catholic Church

History of Rome - Origins. Further information: Founding of Rome, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]], and See also:

History of Rome, History of Rome - Ancient Rome, History of Rome - Origins, History of Rome - Early peoples of Italy, History of Rome - Etruscan dominance, History of Rome - Roman Republic, History of Rome - Roman Empire, History of Rome - Medieval Rome, History of Rome - Barbarian and Byzantine rule, History of Rome - Holy Roman Empire, History of Rome - Roman Commune, History of Rome - Boniface VIII and the Babylonian captivity, History of Rome - Cola di Rienzo and the Pope's return to Rome, History of Rome - Modern Rome, History of Rome - Renaissance Rome, History of Rome - Sack of Rome and Counter-Reformation, History of Rome - Italian unification, History of Rome - Current state

Read more here: » History of Rome: Encyclopedia II - History of Rome - Ancient Rome

The procedures relating to the election of the Pope have undergone almost two millennia of development. Procedures similar to the present system were introduced in 1274 with the Second Council of Lyons. Papal conclave - Electorate. The earliest bishops were most likely chosen by the founders of their communities. Later, however, this method was replaced in Rome and elsewhere with that of election by the clergy and laity of the community and the bishops of neighbouring dioceses. The true electoral body was ...

See also:

Papal conclave, Papal conclave - Historical development, Papal conclave - Electorate, Papal conclave - Choice of the electors, Papal conclave - Secular influence, Papal conclave - Conclaves, Papal conclave - Modern practice, Papal conclave - Death of the Pope, Papal conclave - Beginning of the election, Papal conclave - Voting, Papal conclave - Acceptance and proclamation, Papal conclave - Historical voting patterns, Papal conclave - Notes

Read more here: » Papal conclave: Encyclopedia II - Papal conclave - Historical development

Lombards - Origins and conquest of Italy. Their own traditions (preserved in the Origo Gentis Langobardorum) describe how they were formerly called Winili, and how they left Scandinavia under the leaders Ybor and Agio, and settled in Continental Europe, in the lower course of the Elbe river, where they were recorded by Tacitus as early as A.D. 98: What, on the contrary, ennobles the Langobards is the smallness of their number, for that they, who are surrounded with very many and very ...

See also:

Lombards, Lombards - History, Lombards - Origins and conquest of Italy, Lombards - Rothari and his successors, Lombards - The end of the Lombard kingdom of Italy, Lombards - Sources, Lombards - Historic kings of the Lombards, Lombards - Lething Dynasty, Lombards - Another Dynasty, Lombards - Gausian Dynasty, Lombards - Another Dynasty, Lombards - Bavarian Dynasty First Time, Lombards - Non-dynastic Kings, Lombards - Bavarian Dynasty Second Time, Lombards - Beneventan Dynasty, Lombards - Bavarian Dynasty Third Time, Lombards - Non-dynastic Kings

Read more here: » Lombards: Encyclopedia II - Lombards - History

The Roman Catholic Church spent its first three centuries as an outlawed organization and was thus unable to hold or transfer property. After the ban was lifted by the Emperor Constantine I, the church's private property grew quickly through the donations of the pious and the wealthy; the Lateran Palace was the first significant donation, a gift of Constantine himself. Other donations soon followed, mainly in mainland Italy but also in the provinces. However, the Church held all of these lands as a private landowner, not as a sovereign entit ...

See also:

Papal States, Papal States - Origins, Papal States - The Donation of Pippin and the Holy Roman Empire, Papal States - The Renaissance, Papal States - The era of the French Revolution and Napoleon, Papal States - Italian nationalism and the end of the Papal States, Papal States - Institutions

Read more here: » Papal States: Encyclopedia II - Papal States - Origins

Lombards - Origins and conquest of Italy. Their own traditions (preserved in the Origo Gentis Langobardorum) describe how they were formerly called Winili, and how they left Scandinavia under the leaders Ybor and Agio, and settled in Continental Europe, in the lower course of the Elbe river, where they were recorded by Tacitus as early as A.D. 98: What, on the contrary, ennobles the Langobards is the smallness of their number, for that they, who are surrounded with very many and very ...

See also:

Lombards, Lombards - History, Lombards - Origins and conquest of Italy, Lombards - Rothari and his successors, Lombards - The end of the Lombard kingdom of Italy, Lombards - Sources, Lombards - Historic kings of the Lombards, Lombards - Lething Dynasty, Lombards - Another Dynasty, Lombards - Gausian Dynasty, Lombards - So-called 'Bavarian Dynasty'

Read more here: » Lombards: Encyclopedia II - Lombards - History

History of Rome - Barbarian and Byzantine rule. In 476, the last Western Roman emperor Romulus Augustus, a puppet (like almost all emperors of this period) in the hands of a general, his father Orestes, was deposed by a riot of barbarian troops led by Odoacer and exiled to Naples. The fall of the Western Roman Empire had little impact on Rome. Odoacer and later the Ostrogoths continued, like the last emperors, to rule Italy from Ravenna. Meanwhile, the Senate, even though long since stripped of wider powers, cont ...

See also:

History of Rome, History of Rome - Ancient Rome, History of Rome - Origins, History of Rome - Early peoples of Italy, History of Rome - Etruscan dominance, History of Rome - Roman Republic, History of Rome - Roman Empire, History of Rome - Medieval Rome, History of Rome - Barbarian and Byzantine rule, History of Rome - Holy Roman Empire, History of Rome - Roman Commune, History of Rome - Boniface VIII and the Babylonian captivity, History of Rome - Cola di Rienzo and the Pope's return to Rome, History of Rome - Modern Rome, History of Rome - Renaissance Rome, History of Rome - Sack of Rome and Counter-Reformation, History of Rome - Italian unification, History of Rome - Current state

Read more here: » History of Rome: Encyclopedia II - History of Rome - Medieval Rome

Lombards - Lething Dynasty. Tato (???) Lombards - Another Dynasty. Wacho (died 539) Waltari (539 - 546) Lombards - Gausian Dynasty. Audoin (546 - 565) Alboin (565 - 572) Lombards - Another Dynasty. Cleph (572 - 574) Rule of the Dukes (Ten year interregnum) Authari (584 - 590), son o ...

See also:

Lombards, Lombards - History, Lombards - Origins and conquest of Italy, Lombards - Rothari and his successors, Lombards - The end of the Lombard kingdom of Italy, Lombards - Sources, Lombards - Historic kings of the Lombards, Lombards - Lething Dynasty, Lombards - Another Dynasty, Lombards - Gausian Dynasty, Lombards - Another Dynasty, Lombards - Bavarian Dynasty First Time, Lombards - Non-dynastic Kings, Lombards - Bavarian Dynasty Second Time, Lombards - Beneventan Dynasty, Lombards - Bavarian Dynasty Third Time, Lombards - Non-dynastic Kings

Read more here: » Lombards: Encyclopedia II - Lombards - Historic kings of the Lombards

Lombards - Lething Dynasty. Tato (???) Lombards - Another Dynasty. Wacho (died 539) Waltari (539 - 546) Lombards - Gausian Dynasty. Audoin (546 - 565) Alboin (565 - 572) Lombards - Another Dynasty. Cleph (572 - 574) Rule of the Dukes (Ten year interregnum) Authari (584 - 590), son of previou ...

See also:

Lombards, Lombards - History, Lombards - Origins and conquest of Italy, Lombards - Rothari and his successors, Lombards - The end of the Lombard kingdom of Italy, Lombards - Sources, Lombards - Historic kings of the Lombards, Lombards - Lething Dynasty, Lombards - Another Dynasty, Lombards - Gausian Dynasty, Lombards - Another Dynasty, Lombards - Bavarian Dynasty First Time, Lombards - Non-dynastic Kings, Lombards - Bavarian Dynasty Second Time, Lombards - Beneventan Dynasty, Lombards - Bavarian Dynasty Third Time, Lombards - Non-dynastic Kings

Read more here: » Lombards: Encyclopedia II - Lombards - Historic kings of the Lombards

Much of our knowledge of the mythological and semi-mythological early history of the Lombard people comes from Paul the Deacon's History of the Lombards (Historia Langobardorum) written in the late 8th century, indebted to the 7th century Origo Gentis Langobardorum. According to the Lombards themselves, a legend documented by Paul the Deacon, their name was derived from a joke played on Odin (Godan) by his wife Frige (Frea). She told the Lombard women to tie their hair in front of their faces and when Odin saw the ...

See also:

Lombards, Lombards - History, Lombards - Origins and conquest of Italy, Lombards - Rothari and his successors, Lombards - The end of the Lombard kingdom of Italy, Lombards - Sources, Lombards - Historic kings of the Lombards, Lombards - Lething Dynasty, Lombards - Another Dynasty, Lombards - Gausian Dynasty, Lombards - Another Dynasty, Lombards - Bavarian Dynasty First Time, Lombards - Non-dynastic Kings, Lombards - Bavarian Dynasty Second Time, Lombards - Beneventan Dynasty, Lombards - Bavarian Dynasty Third Time, Lombards - Non-dynastic Kings

Read more here: » Lombards: Encyclopedia II - Lombards - Sources