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European Union | A Wisdom Archive on European Union | | European Union A selection of articles related to European Union | |
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European Union
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ARTICLES RELATED TO European Union | |
| | |  European Union: Encyclopedia II - European Union - Status
The members of the European Union have transferred to it considerable sovereignty, more than that of any other non-sovereign regional organisation. As has been mentioned, in certain areas the EU begins to take on the character of a federation or confederation. However, in legal terms, member states remain the masters of the Treaties, which means that the Union does not have the power to transfer additional powers from states onto itself without their agreement through further international treaties. Further, in many areas member state ...
See also:European Union, European Union - Status, European Union - Current issues, European Union - Origins and history, European Union - Member states and enlargement, European Union - Overseas territories, European Union - Future enlargement and close relationships, European Union - Context—rationale for enlargement and future prospects, European Union - Institutions and legal framework, European Union - EU institutions, European Union - Legal framework, European Union - Main policies, European Union - Single market, European Union - Co-operation and harmonisation in other areas, European Union - Economy, European Union - Standard of living, European Union - Comparison with other Regional blocs, European Union - Lists, European Union - Other, European Union - Partial bibliography Read more here: » European Union: Encyclopedia II - European Union - Status |
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| | | | European Union: Encyclopedia II - European Union - Economy If considered a single unit, the European Union has the largest economy in the world with a 2004 GDP of 11,723,816 million USD equivalent PPPs. The EU economy is expected to grow further over the next decade as more countries join the union - especially considering that the new States are usually poorer than the EU average, and hence the expected fast GDP growth will help achieve the dynamic of the united Europe. However, It is estimated that the Eurozone will only grow around 0.3 per cent (Q2 2005) 1, while other industrialised nations such ...
See also:European Union, European Union - Status, European Union - Current issues, European Union - Origins and history, European Union - Member states and enlargement, European Union - Overseas territories, European Union - Future enlargement and close relationships, European Union - Context—rationale for enlargement and future prospects, European Union - Institutions and legal framework, European Union - EU institutions, European Union - Legal framework, European Union - Main policies, European Union - Single market, European Union - Co-operation and harmonisation in other areas, European Union - Economy, European Union - Standard of living, European Union - Comparison with other Regional blocs, European Union - Lists, European Union - Other, European Union - Partial bibliography Read more here: » European Union: Encyclopedia II - European Union - Economy |
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| | | | European Union: Encyclopedia II - European Union - Institutions and legal framework
European Union - EU institutions.
The functioning of the European Union is supported by several institutions:
The European Parliament (732 members 750 max.)
The Council of the European Union (or 'Council of Ministers') (25 members)
The European Commission (25 members)
The European Court of Justice (incorporating the Court of First Instance) (25 judges (& 25 judges of CFI))
The European Court of Auditors (25 members)
The European Council (26 memb ...
See also:European Union, European Union - Status, European Union - Current issues, European Union - Origins and history, European Union - Member states and enlargement, European Union - Overseas territories, European Union - Future enlargement and close relationships, European Union - Context—rationale for enlargement and future prospects, European Union - Institutions and legal framework, European Union - EU institutions, European Union - Legal framework, European Union - Main policies, European Union - Single market, European Union - Co-operation and harmonisation in other areas, European Union - Economy, European Union - Standard of living, European Union - Comparison with other Regional blocs, European Union - Lists, European Union - Other, European Union - Partial bibliography Read more here: » European Union: Encyclopedia II - European Union - Institutions and legal framework |
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| | | | European Union: Encyclopedia II - European Union - Member states and enlargement The European Union has 25 member states, an area of 3,892,685 km² and approximately 460 million EU citizens as of December 2004. If it were a country, it would be the seventh largest in the world by area and the third largest by population after China and India.
The European Union has land borders with 20 nations and sea borders with 31.
Since its inception with six countries, nineteen further states have joined in successive waves of enlargement:
Note:
Greenland, which was granted home rule by Denma ...
See also:European Union, European Union - Status, European Union - Current issues, European Union - Origins and history, European Union - Member states and enlargement, European Union - Overseas territories, European Union - Future enlargement and close relationships, European Union - Context—rationale for enlargement and future prospects, European Union - Institutions and legal framework, European Union - EU institutions, European Union - Legal framework, European Union - Main policies, European Union - Single market, European Union - Co-operation and harmonisation in other areas, European Union - Economy, European Union - Standard of living, European Union - Comparison with other Regional blocs, European Union - Lists, European Union - Other, European Union - Partial bibliography Read more here: » European Union: Encyclopedia II - European Union - Member states and enlargement |
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| | | | European Union: Encyclopedia II - Life in the European Union - Educational policies of the European Union Main article: Educational policies of the European Union
EU-funded educational, vocational and citizenship-building programmes help more than 100,000 EU citizens each year take advantage of opportunities which the EU offers its citizens to live, study and work in other countries. These opportunities make a major contribution to cross-cultural understanding, personal development and the realisation of the EU’s full economic potential. EU-backed improvements in national education and training quality and compatibility between educational and vocation ...
See also:Life in the European Union, Life in the European Union - Citizenship, Life in the European Union - Cultural policies of the European Union, Life in the European Union - Economy, Life in the European Union - Educational policies of the European Union, Life in the European Union - Languages, Life in the European Union - Politics Read more here: » Life in the European Union: Encyclopedia II - Life in the European Union - Educational policies of the European Union |
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| | | | European Union: Encyclopedia II - Life in the European Union - Economy Main articles: Economy of the European Union, Euro
If the European Union is regarded as a single economy, which it usually is not, it has the largest economy in the World. The EU set itself an objective under the Lisbon Strategy to make the European Union "the world's most dynamic and competitive economy" by the year 2010.
The most widely used currency in the European Union is the Euro, which is in use in 12 member states. All other member states, apart from Denmark and the United Kingdom which have special opt-outs, hav ...
See also:Life in the European Union, Life in the European Union - Citizenship, Life in the European Union - Cultural policies of the European Union, Life in the European Union - Economy, Life in the European Union - Educational policies of the European Union, Life in the European Union - Languages, Life in the European Union - Politics Read more here: » Life in the European Union: Encyclopedia II - Life in the European Union - Economy |
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| | | | European Union: Encyclopedia II - Languages of the European Union - Other languages of the European Union Besides the languages of Ireland, Spain and the UK (see above), there are other regional languages spoken within the EU that do not have official recognition at EU level (although they may have some official status within the member state). Some of these count many more speakers than some of the lesser-used official languages.
These include:
Esperanto language
the regional languages of France
Frisian
Languages of Italy
Kashubian
Ladin
Limburgisch Language
Low ...
See also:Languages of the European Union, Languages of the European Union - Official languages of the European Union, Languages of the European Union - English spelling, Languages of the European Union - External links, Languages of the European Union - Status of other languages, Languages of the European Union - Irish, Languages of the European Union - Catalan-Valencian Galician and Basque, Languages of the European Union - Welsh and Scottish Gaelic, Languages of the European Union - Provision in the proposed constitution treaty, Languages of the European Union - Other languages of the European Union, Languages of the European Union - Language skills of European citizens Read more here: » Languages of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - Languages of the European Union - Other languages of the European Union |
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| | | | European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the European Union - Enlargement of the EU
History of the European Union - 1973.
In January 1960, Britain and other OEEC members who didn't belong to the EEC formed an alternative association, the European Free Trade Association. But Britain soon realised that the EEC was more successful than the EFTA and decided to apply for membership. Ireland and Denmark, both of whom being heavily reliant on British trade, decided they would go wherever Britain went, and henc ...
See also:History of the European Union, History of the European Union - Pre-1945 influences, History of the European Union - Post 1945 impetus, History of the European Union - The three communities, History of the European Union - Enlargement of the EU, History of the European Union - 1973, History of the European Union - 1980s, History of the European Union - 1993, History of the European Union - 1995, History of the European Union - 2004, History of the European Union - 2005, History of the European Union - History of European integration, History of the European Union - Current issues Read more here: » History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the European Union - Enlargement of the EU |
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| | | | European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the European Union - History of European integration One of the first crises affecting the course of European integration occurred in 1965. A switch away from unanimous decision-making and to majority-voting in the Council was supposed to have been made on January 1, 1966. However the De Gaulle government of France was firmly opposed to this, seeking that all discussions on decisions affecting national interests should be discussed indefinitely, essentially requiring the retention of national veto on all issues of importance. This led to the "empty chair crisis" in which France refused to take ...
See also:History of the European Union, History of the European Union - Pre-1945 influences, History of the European Union - Post 1945 impetus, History of the European Union - The three communities, History of the European Union - Enlargement of the EU, History of the European Union - 1973, History of the European Union - 1980s, History of the European Union - 1993, History of the European Union - 1995, History of the European Union - 2004, History of the European Union - 2007, History of the European Union - History of European integration, History of the European Union - Current issues Read more here: » History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the European Union - History of European integration |
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| | | | European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the European Union - Enlargement of the EU
History of the European Union - 1973.
In January 1960, Britain and other OEEC members who didn't belong to the EEC formed an alternative association, the European Free Trade Association. But Britain soon realised that the EEC was more successful than the EFTA and decided to apply for membership. Ireland and Denmark, both of whom being heavily reliant on British trade, decided they would go wherever Britain went, and henc ...
See also:History of the European Union, History of the European Union - Pre-1945 influences, History of the European Union - Post 1945 impetus, History of the European Union - The three communities, History of the European Union - Enlargement of the EU, History of the European Union - 1973, History of the European Union - 1980s, History of the European Union - 1993, History of the European Union - 1995, History of the European Union - 2004, History of the European Union - 2007, History of the European Union - History of European integration, History of the European Union - Current issues Read more here: » History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the European Union - Enlargement of the EU |
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| | | | European Union: Encyclopedia II - European Union directive - Implementation A directive fixes the agreed objectives to be pursued by the EU member states, but leaves freedom of choice for the ways of obtaining them (maintaining an obligation to achieve the result): "A directive shall be binding, as to the result to be achieved, upon each Member State to which it is addressed, but shall leave to the national authorities the choice of form and methods." (art. 249 ex.189).
How each country puts the directive into effect depends on their legal structure, and may vary. For example, in the UK most directives are br ...
See also:European Union directive, European Union directive - Development, European Union directive - Implementation, European Union directive - Enforcement, European Union directive - Infractions/Infringements, European Union directive - Footnotes Read more here: » European Union directive: Encyclopedia II - European Union directive - Implementation |
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| | | | European Union: Encyclopedia II - Economy of the European Union - Trade The European Union is the largest exporter in the world ([5]) and the second largest importer. Internal trade between the member states is aided by the removal of barriers to trade such as tarrifs and border controls. In the eurozone, trade is helped by not having any currency differences to deal with amongst most members.
The European Union represents all its members at the World Trade Organisation, a ...
See also:Economy of the European Union, Economy of the European Union - Economic Growth, Economy of the European Union - Currency, Economy of the European Union - Energy resources, Economy of the European Union - Trade, Economy of the European Union - Unemployment, Economy of the European Union - Industries, Economy of the European Union - Agriculture, Economy of the European Union - Tourism, Economy of the European Union - Economies of member states, Economy of the European Union - Regional variation, Economy of the European Union - Top 10: economically strongest NUTS-1 and NUTS-2 regions, Economy of the European Union - Bottom ten: economically weakest NUTS-2 regions, Economy of the European Union - Richest & Poorest NUTS-2 Regions GDP 2002 PPP, Economy of the European Union - Footnotes Read more here: » Economy of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - Economy of the European Union - Trade |
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| | | | European Union: Encyclopedia II - European Union directive - Enforcement In practice, with the exception of directives related to the common agricultural policy, the Union[5] 'addresses' directives to all member states, and specifies a date by which the states must have put the directive into effect. (These dates are either determined by the Council of Ministers at the time of the main agreement, or the twentieth day following that of publication). Individual states often miss these deadlines, and when the deadlines slip badly, the European Commission can and does commence proceedings in the E ...
See also:European Union directive, European Union directive - Development, European Union directive - Implementation, European Union directive - Enforcement, European Union directive - Infractions/Infringements, European Union directive - Footnotes Read more here: » European Union directive: Encyclopedia II - European Union directive - Enforcement |
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