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European Community | A Wisdom Archive on European Community |  | European Community A selection of articles related to European Community |  |
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European Community
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO European Community |  |  |  | European Community: Encyclopedia II - 1989 - Events
1989 - January.
January 7 - Last day of the Showa period due to the death of Emperor Hirohito(aka Emperor Showa after his death) in Japan. Akihito became Emperor of Japan, and the Heisei period had begun from the following day.
January 8 - the Kegworth Air Disaster - A British Midland Boeing 737 crashes on approach to East Midlands Airport - 44 dead
January 16–18 - Race riots in Overtown, Miami
January 10 - Cuban troops begin withdrawing from Angola
January 10 - Assista ...
See also:1989, 1989 - Events, 1989 - January, 1989 - February, 1989 - March, 1989 - April, 1989 - May, 1989 - June, 1989 - July, 1989 - August, 1989 - September, 1989 - October, 1989 - November, 1989 - December, 1989 - Unknown Dates, 1989 - Births, 1989 - Deaths, 1989 - January, 1989 - February, 1989 - March, 1989 - April, 1989 - May, 1989 - June, 1989 - July, 1989 - August, 1989 - September, 1989 - October, 1989 - November, 1989 - December, 1989 - Nobel Prizes, 1989 - Templeton Prize, 1989 - Right Livelihood Award Read more here: » 1989: Encyclopedia II - 1989 - Events |
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| |  |  |  | European Community: Encyclopedia II - 21st century - OverviewThe 21st century has had an influence on culture since well before it began. Speculation about future, social, cultural, and technological trends frequently centered on the year 2000, starting with late-19th century essays and novels (often of a utopian nature) such as Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward, though Bellamy explicitly called the year 2000 "the Twentieth Century." It's been said that the event horizon of Western culture was steadily shrinking in this period, since as late as the 1990s people were still often focusing on the year ...
See also:21st century, 21st century - Overview, 21st century - Important developments events achievements, 21st century - Politics, 21st century - Science and technology, 21st century - Conflicts and civil unrest, 21st century - Natural disasters, 21st century - Sports, 21st century - Issues and concerns, 21st century - Significant people, 21st century - Influential people in politics as of 2005, 21st century - Influential people in religion as of 2005, 21st century - Influential people in technology as of 2005, 21st century - Influential people in science as of 2005, 21st century - Influential people in mathematics as of 2005, 21st century - Astronomical events and predictions, 21st century - Scientific Predictions, 21st century - Socio-Political Predictions, 21st century - Science Fiction set in the remaining years of the 21st Century, 21st century - Television and film, 21st century - Computer and video games, 21st century - Novels, 21st century - Decades and years Read more here: » 21st century: Encyclopedia II - 21st century - Overview |
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|  |  |  | European Community: Encyclopedia II - Euro - Participation in the economic and monetary union
Euro - Countries using the euro.
At present the member states officially using the euro are Austria, Belgium, Finland, France (except Pacific territories using the CFP franc), Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. Overseas territories of some Eurozone countries, such as French Guiana, Réunion, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, and Martinique, also use ...
See also:Euro, Euro - Characteristics, Euro - Accommodation for vision impairments, Euro - Name and linguistic issues, Euro - Transition, Euro - Participation in the economic and monetary union, Euro - Countries using the euro, Euro - EU members outside the Eurozone, Euro - Bulgaria and Romania, Euro - Effects of a single currency, Euro - Removal of exchange rate risk, Euro - Removal of conversion fees, Euro - Deeper financial markets, Euro - Price parity, Euro - Competitive funding, Euro - Macroeconomic stability, Euro - Less-specific monetary policy, Euro - A new reserve currency?, Euro - The euro and oil, Euro - Euro exchange rate, Euro - Against the U.S. dollar, Euro - Currencies pegged to euro, Euro - Drivers, Euro - Consequences, Euro - The euro sign, Euro - Reactions following the European Constitution votes, Euro - Economists who helped realise the euro, Euro - Trivia Read more here: » Euro: Encyclopedia II - Euro - Participation in the economic and monetary union |
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|  |  |  | European Community: Encyclopedia II - Srebrenica massacre - The Massacre
Srebrenica massacre - The Crowd at Potočari.
The UN forces did nothing to protect the Bosniak civilians in Srebrenica. Faced with the reality that Srebrenica had fallen under Serb forces control, thousands of Bosniak residents from Srebrenica fled to Potočari seeking protection within the UN compound. By the evening of July 11 1995, approximately 20,000 to 25,000 Bosniak refugees were gathered in Potočari. Several thousand had pressed inside the UN compound itself, while the rest were spread throughout the nei ...
See also:Srebrenica massacre, Srebrenica massacre - Background, Srebrenica massacre - The conflict in Eastern Bosnia, Srebrenica massacre - April 1993: The Security Council Declares Srebrenica a “Safe Area”, Srebrenica massacre - Early 1995: The Situation in the Srebrenica “Safe Area” Deteriorates, Srebrenica massacre - Spring 1995: The Serbs Plan To Attack the Srebrenica “Safe Area”, Srebrenica massacre - 6-11 July 1995: The Take-Over of Srebrenica, Srebrenica massacre - The Massacre, Srebrenica massacre - The Crowd at Potočari, Srebrenica massacre - The Column of Bosniak Men, Srebrenica massacre - A Plan to Execute the Bosniak of Srebrenica, Srebrenica massacre - The Mass Executions, Srebrenica massacre - The Reburials, Srebrenica massacre - Recent developments, Srebrenica massacre - US resolution 199, Srebrenica massacre - Denial of the massacre revisionism and scepticism, Srebrenica massacre - Notes Read more here: » Srebrenica massacre: Encyclopedia II - Srebrenica massacre - The Massacre |
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| | |  |  |  | European Community: Encyclopedia II - Republic of Ireland - HistoryMain article: History of the Republic of Ireland
The partition of Ireland came about because of complex constitutional developments in the early twentieth century.
From 1 January 1801 until 6 December 1922, Ireland was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Famine in 1845-1847, in which 1.5 million Irish died, was followed by enormous emigration. From 1874, but particularly from 1880 under Charles Stewart Parnell, the Irish Parliamentary Party moved to prominence with its attempts to achieve Home Rule, ...
See also:Republic of Ireland, Republic of Ireland - Name, Republic of Ireland - History, Republic of Ireland - Politics, Republic of Ireland - Role of the Catholic Church in national affairs, Republic of Ireland - Counties, Republic of Ireland - Geography, Republic of Ireland - Economy, Republic of Ireland - Demographics, Republic of Ireland - Culture Read more here: » Republic of Ireland: Encyclopedia II - Republic of Ireland - History |
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|  |  |  | European Community: Encyclopedia II - Rhodes Scholarship - Notable Rhodes Scholarship recipients
Rhodes Scholarship - Before 1920.
John J. Tigert (Tennessee & Pembroke 1904), U.S. Commissioner of Education, 1921-1928
Alain L. Locke (Pennsylvania & Hertford 1907), philosopher and Harlem Renaissance patron
Earnest A. Hooten (Wisconsin 1907), American physical anthropologist
Albrecht Graf von Bernstorff (Germany & Trinity 1909), German diplomat, executed for conspiracy against Hitler, 1945
J. H. Hofmeyr (South African College School & Balliol 1910), Sout ...
See also:Rhodes Scholarship, Rhodes Scholarship - Standards, Rhodes Scholarship - Changes, Rhodes Scholarship - Allocations, Rhodes Scholarship - Notable Rhodes Scholarship recipients, Rhodes Scholarship - Before 1920, Rhodes Scholarship - 1920s, Rhodes Scholarship - 1930s, Rhodes Scholarship - 1940s, Rhodes Scholarship - 1950s, Rhodes Scholarship - 1960s, Rhodes Scholarship - 1970s, Rhodes Scholarship - 1980s, Rhodes Scholarship - 1990s, Rhodes Scholarship - Undated, Rhodes Scholarship - Centenary degrees, Rhodes Scholarship - Notable Universities, Rhodes Scholarship - Former Trustees Read more here: » Rhodes Scholarship: Encyclopedia II - Rhodes Scholarship - Notable Rhodes Scholarship recipients |
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| |  |  |  | European Community: Encyclopedia II - New world order - The post-Cold War new world orderThe phrase "new world order", as used to herald in the post-Cold War era, did not have a developed or substantive definition. There appear to be three distinct periods in which it was progressively redefined, first by the Soviets, and later by the United State before the Malta Conference, and again after Bush's speech of 11 September 1990. The new world order concept was secondary at best to the Bush administration, and perhaps only a rhetorical tool that implied more than it meant. Throughout the period of the phrase’s use, the public see ...
See also:New world order, New world order - Historical usage, New world order - The post-Cold War new world order, New world order - Gorbachev's formulation, New world order - The Malta Conference, New world order - The Gulf War and Bush's formulation, New world order - Following the Gulf conflict, New world order - Viewed in retrospect, New world order - Reference notes Read more here: » New world order: Encyclopedia II - New world order - The post-Cold War new world order |
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|  |  |  | European Community: Encyclopedia II - Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey - Policies
Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey - The European Union.
Main articles: Accession of Turkey to the European Union, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]]See also: Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey, Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey - Policies, Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey - The European Union, Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey - The Balkans, Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey - Southern Caucaus, Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey - Afghanistan, Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey - Organizations, Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey - NATO, Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey - Trade blocs, Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey - Disputes, Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey - WWI Armenian issue, Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey - Border dispute with Armenia, Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey - Territorial dispute with Greece, Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey - Cyprus, Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey - Illicit drugs, Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey - Source Read more here: » Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey: Encyclopedia II - Foreign relations of Republic of Turkey - Policies |
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|  |  |  | European Community: Encyclopedia II - Foreign relations of Japan - Relations by country and region
Foreign relations of Japan - United States.
Main article: Japan-United States relations
The United States is Japan's closest ally, and Japan relies on the U.S. for its national security to a high degree. As the world's two top economic powers (in 2005), both countries also rely on close economic ties for their wealth, despite ongoing and occasionally acriminious trade frictions.
Although its constitution and government policy preclude an offensive military role for Japan in international affa ...
See also:Foreign relations of Japan, Foreign relations of Japan - Relations by country and region, Foreign relations of Japan - United States, Foreign relations of Japan - North and South Korea, Foreign relations of Japan - China, Foreign relations of Japan - South-East Asia, Foreign relations of Japan - South Asia, Foreign relations of Japan - Russia, Foreign relations of Japan - Western Europe, Foreign relations of Japan - Other countries, Foreign relations of Japan - Debates and frictions, Foreign relations of Japan - Disputed territories, Foreign relations of Japan - Reference Read more here: » Foreign relations of Japan: Encyclopedia II - Foreign relations of Japan - Relations by country and region |
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|  |  |  | European Community: Encyclopedia II - G8 - Background and historyThe G8 has its roots in the 1973 oil crisis and subsequent global recession. These troubles led the United States to form the Library Group, a gathering of senior financial officials from the United States, Europe, and Japan, to discuss the economic issues.
In 1975, French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing invited the heads of state of six major industralized democracies to a summit in Rambouillet and proposed regular meetings. The participants agreed to an annual meeting organized under a rotating presidency, forming what wa ...
See also:G8, G8 - Background and history, G8 - Participation of Russia and formation of the G8, G8 - Structure and activities of the Group, G8 - Criticism of the Group, G8 - G8 and Terrorism, G8 - Past G6/7/8 summits, G8 - Future G8 summits Read more here: » G8: Encyclopedia II - G8 - Background and history |
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| |  |  |  | European Community: Encyclopedia II - Hal Lindsey - BiographyBorn in Houston, Texas, Lindsey dropped out of the University of Houston to serve in the Korean War, then worked as a Mississippi River tugboat captain. His personal web site[1] describes that when "his first marriage broke up, he contemplated suicide, but instead found a Gideon New Testament and was converted. Lindsey became an avid reader of Scripture, particularly prophetic sections, which convinced him t ...
See also:Hal Lindsey, Hal Lindsey - Biography, Hal Lindsey - Predictions, Hal Lindsey - Zion Oil, Hal Lindsey - Bibliography Read more here: » Hal Lindsey: Encyclopedia II - Hal Lindsey - Biography |
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|  |  |  | European Community: Encyclopedia II - Fire fighting - Means to extinguish a fire
Fire fighting - Suppressing the fuel and the energy.
The first method is to remove fuel for the fire such as cutting of the gas and moving combustible objects from the path of the fire. When the activation energy is still present, it is also useful to switch it off; this will not stop a fire, but will help controlling a starting fire and will prevent a new fire to occur.
The first action is thus to "cut off the energies" such as the gas and power supply and switch off the working machines (motors). It is also important to turn off ventilation and air conditi ...
See also:Fire fighting, Fire fighting - Risks of a fire, Fire fighting - Means to extinguish a fire, Fire fighting - Suppressing the fuel and the energy, Fire fighting - Reconnaissance and reading the fire, Fire fighting - Use of water, Fire fighting - Asphyxiating a fire, Fire fighting - Ventilation or isolation of the fire, Fire fighting - Individual action, Fire fighting - Appendix : Calculation of the amount of water required to suppress a fire in a closed volume, Fire fighting - Volume computation, Fire fighting - Thermal computation, Fire fighting - Conclusion Read more here: » Fire fighting: Encyclopedia II - Fire fighting - Means to extinguish a fire |
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|  |  |  | European Community: Encyclopedia II - Eurozone - Other nations
Eurozone - Non-eurozone EU countries.
The other 13 countries of the European Union that do not use the euro are: Denmark, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the ten member states that joined the Union on 1 May 2004; namely Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia.
Denmark and the United Kingdom got special derogations in the original Maastricht Treaty of the European Union. Both countries are not legally required to join the euro unless their governments decide otherwise, e ...
See also:Eurozone, Eurozone - Countries with the Euro as currency, Eurozone - Official members, Eurozone - Nations with formal agreements with the EU, Eurozone - Nations without formal agreements with the EU, Eurozone - Other nations, Eurozone - Non-eurozone EU countries, Eurozone - Non-EU currencies pegged to the euro, Eurozone - Inflation, Eurozone - Fiscal policy Read more here: » Eurozone: Encyclopedia II - Eurozone - Other nations |
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| |  |  |  | European Community: Encyclopedia II - Euro - Participation in the economic and monetary union
Euro - Countries using the euro.
At present the member states officially using the euro are Austria, Belgium, Finland, France (except Pacific territories using the CFP franc), Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. Overseas territories of some Eurozone countries, such as French Guiana, Réunion, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, and Martinique, also use ...
See also:Euro, Euro - Characteristics, Euro - Transition, Euro - Participation in the economic and monetary union, Euro - Countries using the euro, Euro - EU members outside the Eurozone, Euro - Bulgaria and Romania, Euro - Effects of a single currency, Euro - Removal of exchange rate risk, Euro - Removal of conversion fees, Euro - Deeper financial markets, Euro - Price parity, Euro - Competitive funding, Euro - Macroeconomic stability, Euro - Less-specific monetary policy, Euro - A new reserve currency?, Euro - The euro and oil, Euro - Euro exchange rate, Euro - Against the U.S. dollar, Euro - Currencies pegged to euro, Euro - Drivers, Euro - Consequences, Euro - Plural formation and grammar, Euro - The euro sign, Euro - Reactions following the European Constitution votes, Euro - Economists who helped realise the euro, Euro - Miscellanea, Euro - Slang words, Euro - Trivia concerning the coins Read more here: » Euro: Encyclopedia II - Euro - Participation in the economic and monetary union |
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|  |  |  | European Community: Encyclopedia II - European Free Trade Association - InstitutionsEFTA has the following institutions: the Secretariat, the EFTA Council, the EFTA Surveillance Authority, and the EFTA Court.
European Free Trade Association - EEA Related Institutions.
The EFTA Surveillance Authority and the EFTA Court regulate the activities of the EFTA members in respect of their obligations in the European Economic Area (EEA). Since Switzerland is n ...
See also:European Free Trade Association, European Free Trade Association - Membership History, European Free Trade Association - Institutions, European Free Trade Association - EEA Related Institutions, European Free Trade Association - Locations, European Free Trade Association - Portugal Fund, European Free Trade Association - International Conventions, European Free Trade Association - Relationship to the European Economic Area, European Free Trade Association - Future EFTA Membership, European Free Trade Association - United Kingdom Read more here: » European Free Trade Association: Encyclopedia II - European Free Trade Association - Institutions |
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|  |  |  | European Community: Encyclopedia II - European Patent Organisation - European Patent OfficeThe European Patent Office (EPO or EPOff in order to distinguish it from the European Patent Organisation) can be viewed as the executive body of the European Patent Organisation.
The EPO headquarters are located at Munich, Germany. The European Patent Office also includes a branch in Rijswijk (suburb of The Hague, Netherlands), sub-offices in Berlin, Germany, and Vienna, Austria and a "liaison bureau" in Brussels, Belgium. As of 2005, the European Patent Office had a staff of 6000 (among which about 3000 in Munich, 2650 in The Hague, 300 in Berlin and 100 in Vienna).< ...
See also:European Patent Organisation, European Patent Organisation - Organs, European Patent Organisation - European Patent Office, European Patent Organisation - Presidency, European Patent Organisation - Languages, European Patent Organisation - Departments and Directorates-General, European Patent Organisation - The European Patent Office and the Patent Cooperation Treaty, European Patent Organisation - Administrative Council, European Patent Organisation - Member states and extension states, European Patent Organisation - Statistics Read more here: » European Patent Organisation: Encyclopedia II - European Patent Organisation - European Patent Office |
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