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European Community | A Wisdom Archive on European Community | | European Community A selection of articles related to European Community | |
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European Community
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO European Community | | | | | | | |  European Community: Encyclopedia II - History of the European Union - The three communitiesThe European Union grew out of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), which was founded in 1951, by the six founding members: Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg (the Benelux countries) and West Germany, France and Italy. Its purpose was to pool the steel and coal resources of the member states, thus preventing another European war. It was in fulfilment of a plan developed by a French civil servant Jean Monnet, publicised by the French foreign minister Robert Schuman. On May 9, 1950 Schuman presented his proposal on the creation o ...
See also:History of the European Union, History of the European Union - Pre-1945 influences, History of the European Union - Post 1945 impetus, History of the European Union - The three communities, History of the European Union - Enlargement of the EU, History of the European Union - 1973, History of the European Union - 1980s, History of the European Union - 1993, History of the European Union - 1995, History of the European Union - 2004, History of the European Union - 2007, History of the European Union - History of European integration, History of the European Union - Current issues Read more here: » History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the European Union - The three communities |
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| | | | | European Community: Encyclopedia II - History of the European Union - History of European integration One of the first crises affecting the course of European integration occurred in 1965. A switch away from unanimous decision-making and to majority-voting in the Council was supposed to have been made on January 1, 1966. However the De Gaulle government of France was firmly opposed to this, seeking that all discussions on decisions affecting national interests should be discussed indefinitely, essentially requiring the retention of national veto on all issues of importance. This led to the "empty chair crisis" in which France refused to take ...
See also:History of the European Union, History of the European Union - Pre-1945 influences, History of the European Union - Post 1945 impetus, History of the European Union - The three communities, History of the European Union - Enlargement of the EU, History of the European Union - 1973, History of the European Union - 1980s, History of the European Union - 1993, History of the European Union - 1995, History of the European Union - 2004, History of the European Union - 2007, History of the European Union - History of European integration, History of the European Union - Current issues Read more here: » History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the European Union - History of European integration |
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| | | | | European Community: Encyclopedia II - History of the European Union - Current issues Currently, the EU is undergoing organisational difficulties, especially those dealing with the proposed European Constitution. The new constitution must be ratified by all 25 member states before it can enter into force, in some cases by national referenda. To date, although ten countries have ratified the constitution, voters in France and the Netherlands have rejected it in popular votes. The future of the constitution is now uncertain.
Some also believe there is inconsistent application of EU laws in favour of larger member states: ...
See also:History of the European Union, History of the European Union - Pre-1945 influences, History of the European Union - Post 1945 impetus, History of the European Union - The three communities, History of the European Union - Enlargement of the EU, History of the European Union - 1973, History of the European Union - 1980s, History of the European Union - 1993, History of the European Union - 1995, History of the European Union - 2004, History of the European Union - 2007, History of the European Union - History of European integration, History of the European Union - Current issues Read more here: » History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the European Union - Current issues |
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| | | | | European Community: Encyclopedia II - History of the European Union - Pre-1945 influences Attempts to unify the disparate nations of Europe precede the modern nation-states and have occurred repeatedly throughout the history of Continental Europe since the collapse of the Mediterranean-centred Roman Empire. Europe's heterogeneous collection of languages and cultures made attempts based on dynastic rights, or enforced through military occupation of unwilling nations, unstable and doomed to failure.
The Frankish empire of Charlemagne and the Holy Roman Empire u ...
See also:History of the European Union, History of the European Union - Pre-1945 influences, History of the European Union - Post 1945 impetus, History of the European Union - The three communities, History of the European Union - Enlargement of the EU, History of the European Union - 1973, History of the European Union - 1980s, History of the European Union - 1993, History of the European Union - 1995, History of the European Union - 2004, History of the European Union - 2007, History of the European Union - History of European integration, History of the European Union - Current issues Read more here: » History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the European Union - Pre-1945 influences |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | European Community: Encyclopedia II - Paris Institute of Political Studies - General Information Sciences Po alumni and former staff include twenty-eight heads of state or government, specifically three past or present French presidents, thirteen past or present French prime ministers, twelve past or present foreign heads of state or government, and a former United Nations Secretary-General. Since the mid 1950s, virtually every French minister of note has attended the Institute, including the current French president, Jacques Chirac, and the current prime minister, Dominique de Villepin; however the institute has also educated fourteen ...
See also:Paris Institute of Political Studies, Paris Institute of Political Studies - General Information, Paris Institute of Political Studies - History of the Institute, Paris Institute of Political Studies - 1872-1945, Paris Institute of Political Studies - 1945-Present, Paris Institute of Political Studies - Student Body & Method of Instruction, Paris Institute of Political Studies - Ancient and recent Controversies, Paris Institute of Political Studies - Research Centres, Paris Institute of Political Studies - Presses de Sciences Po, Paris Institute of Political Studies - Institutional Alliances, Paris Institute of Political Studies - Sciences Po - LSE - Columbia University, Paris Institute of Political Studies - Global Public Policy Network, Paris Institute of Political Studies - Franco-British Student Alliance, Paris Institute of Political Studies - Major Alliances Worldwide, Paris Institute of Political Studies - Other IEPs, Paris Institute of Political Studies - Notable Faculty & Alumni, Paris Institute of Political Studies - Heads of International Organisations, Paris Institute of Political Studies - Heads of State or Government, Paris Institute of Political Studies - Politics & Government, Paris Institute of Political Studies - Academia Journalism & Literature, Paris Institute of Political Studies - Business & Finance, Paris Institute of Political Studies - Culture & Sports Read more here: » Paris Institute of Political Studies: Encyclopedia II - Paris Institute of Political Studies - General Information |
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| | | | | European Community: Encyclopedia II - Haloalkane - History
Haloalkane - Original development.
Carbon tetrachloride was used in fire extinguishers and glass (anti)-"fire grenades" from the late nineteenth century until around the end of World War II. Experimentation with chloroalkanes for fire suppression on military aircraft began at least as early as the 1920s.
American engineer Thomas Midgley developed Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) in 1928 as a replacement for ammonia (NH3), chloromethane (CH3Cl), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), toxic but ...
See also:Haloalkane, Haloalkane - General, Haloalkane - Chlorofluoro compounds CFC HCFC HFC, Haloalkane - Bromofluoro compounds halons, Haloalkane - Polymer haloalkanes, Haloalkane - History, Haloalkane - Original development, Haloalkane - Development on alternatives, Haloalkane - Phase out, Haloalkane - Nomenclature, Haloalkane - IUPAC nomenclature, Haloalkane - Alternative nomenclature for refrigerants, Haloalkane - Overview of named compounds, Haloalkane - Synthesis, Haloalkane - From alkanes, Haloalkane - From alkenes, Haloalkane - From alkanol alcohol, Haloalkane - Reactions of haloalkanes, Haloalkane - Substitution reactions, Haloalkane - Elimination reactions, Haloalkane - Applications, Haloalkane - Propellant, Haloalkane - Fire extinguishing, Haloalkane - Environmental issues, Haloalkane - Safety Read more here: » Haloalkane: Encyclopedia II - Haloalkane - History |
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| | | | | European Community: Encyclopedia II - Accession of Turkey to the European Union - Arguments used against Turkish membership Opposition to Turkey's entry into the EU varies among the public of the current EU member states, as does political support or opposition to the entry bid. The issues mentioned by some of those objecting to Turkey's EU candidacy can be divided among those inherent to Turkey's situation, those that involve internal issues about human rights, democracy, and related matters, and those concerning Turkey's open external disputes with its neighbours.
Accession of Turkey to the European Union - Inherent issues.
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See also:Accession of Turkey to the European Union, Accession of Turkey to the European Union - History, Accession of Turkey to the European Union - Likelihood of accession, Accession of Turkey to the European Union - Official point of view, Accession of Turkey to the European Union - Public opinion, Accession of Turkey to the European Union - Arguments used against Turkish membership, Accession of Turkey to the European Union - Inherent issues, Accession of Turkey to the European Union - Human rights democracy and other internal issues, Accession of Turkey to the European Union - Relations with neighbours, Accession of Turkey to the European Union - Effect on the future direction of the EU, Accession of Turkey to the European Union - Arguments used for Turkish membership, Accession of Turkey to the European Union - Individual opinions and quotes, Accession of Turkey to the European Union - Opinions, Accession of Turkey to the European Union - Quotes Read more here: » Accession of Turkey to the European Union: Encyclopedia II - Accession of Turkey to the European Union - Arguments used against Turkish membership |
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| | | | | European Community: Encyclopedia II - 1986 - Events
1986 - January.
January 1 - Spain and Portugal enter the European Community
January 1 - Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands and is separated from the Netherlands Antilles.
January 9 - After losing a patent battle with Polaroid, Kodak leaves the instant camera business.
January 12 - Space shuttle Columbia is launched with the first Hispanic-American astronaut, Dr. Franklin R. Chang-Diaz.
January 19 - The first PC virus, Brain, starts to spread.
Jan ...
See also:1986, 1986 - Events, 1986 - January, 1986 - February, 1986 - March, 1986 - April, 1986 - May, 1986 - June, 1986 - July, 1986 - August, 1986 - September, 1986 - October, 1986 - November, 1986 - December, 1986 - Unknown dates, 1986 - Births, 1986 - Deaths, 1986 - January-March, 1986 - April-June, 1986 - July-December, 1986 - Nobel Prizes, 1986 - Fields Medalists, 1986 - Templeton Prize, 1986 - Fiction Read more here: » 1986: Encyclopedia II - 1986 - Events |
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