Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiogeographic one. Physically and geologically, Europe is a subcontinent or large peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bounded to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean and to the south by the Mediterranean and Black Seas and the Caucasus. Europe's boundary to the east is vague, but has traditionally been given as the Ural Mountains and Caspian Se ...

Including:

• Europe - Etymology
• Europe - History
• Europe - Geography and extent
• Europe - Physical features
• Europe - Biodiversity
• Europe - Demographics
• Europe - Territories and divisions
• Europe - Political divisions
• Europe - Linguistic and cultural regions
• Europe - Lists and tables

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Europe, Europe - Etymology, Europe - History, Europe - Geography and extent, Europe - Physical features, Europe - Biodiversity, Europe - Demographics, Europe - Territories and divisions, Europe - Political divisions, Europe - Linguistic and cultural regions, Europe - Lists and tables

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Having lived side-by-side with agricultural peoples for millennia, Europe's animals and plants have been profoundly affected by the presence and activities of man. With the exception of Scandinavia and northern Russia, few areas of untouched wilderness are today to be found in Europe, except for different natural parks. The main natural vegetation cover in Europe is forest. The conditions for growth are very favourable. In the north, the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift warm the continent. Southern Europe could be described as hav ...

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Europe, Europe - Etymology, Europe - History, Europe - Geography and extent, Europe - Physical features, Europe - Biodiversity, Europe - Demographics, Europe - Territories and divisions, Europe - Political divisions, Europe - Linguistic and cultural regions, Europe - Lists and tables

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Continental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe or simply the continent, refers to the continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European islands and peninsulae. Notably, in British English and Hiberno-English usage, the term means Europe excluding the British Isles. Continental Europe - The English concept. In the English mind Continental Europe is foremost represented by the Benelux, Germany, and especially France. A famous (perhaps apocryphal) British newspaper headli ...

Including:

• Continental Europe - The English concept
• Continental Europe - The Nordic concept

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The Council of Europe is an international organisation of 46 member states in the European region. Membership is open to all European states which accept the principle of the rule of law and guarantee fundamental human rights and freedoms to their citizens. One of the main successes of the Council was the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950, which serves as the basis for the European Court of Human Rights. The seat of the Council of Europe is in Strasbourg on the Franco-German border. Originally meeting in Strasbourg's University Palace, it is now domiciled in t ...

Including:

• Council of Europe - Founding
• Council of Europe - Aims
• Council of Europe - Institutions
• Council of Europe - Symbols
• Council of Europe - Membership

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The Culture of Europe might better be described as a series of overlapping cultures of Europe. Whether it be a question of West as opposed to East; Catholicism and Protestantism as opposed to Eastern Orthodoxy; Christianity as opposed to Islam; many have claimed to identify cultural faultlines across the continent. Europe has been a cradle for many cultural innovations and movements, often at odds with each other such as Christian proselytism and Humanism, that have consequently been spread across the globe. The Renaissa ...

Including:

• Culture of Europe - Faultlines
• Culture of Europe - Global influence
• Culture of Europe - Values
• Culture of Europe - Arts
• Culture of Europe - Food and drink
• Culture of Europe - Language
• Culture of Europe - Literature
• Culture of Europe - Sport
• Culture of Europe - Symbols

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Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. The term has come back into fashion since the collapse of the Cold War, which had divided Europe politically into East and West. The region is generally considered to contain (from North to South): Poland, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Slovenia and more rarely Croatia, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovi ...

Including:

• Central Europe - Between the Alps and the Baltics
• Central Europe - Culturally Central-European
• Central Europe - Central Europe behind the Iron Curtain
• Central Europe - The new members of the European Union
• Central Europe - Remnants of the Holy Roman Empire

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Western Europe is distinguished from Eastern Europe by differences of history and culture rather than by geography. However, these boundaries of Europe are subject to considerable overlap and fluctuation, which makes differentiation difficult. Thus the concept of Western Europe is associated with liberal democracy; and its countries have been considered to share some economic and political traditions with the United States of America and Canada — which have received millions of Western Eu ...

Including:

• Western Europe - External link

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The music of Southeastern Europe or the Balkans is a type of music distinct from others in Europe. This is mainly because it was influenced by the Ottoman Empire and also by the relatively common culture of these countries. The music is sometimes characterised by complex rhythm. Despite the common influences, there are some differences among the region - the music of the Slavic countries differs from the music of Greece or the music of Romania. The music of the Slavic countries of southeastern Europe is quite significant ...

Including:

• Music of Southeastern Europe - Musical influence
• Music of Southeastern Europe - Ottoman music
• Music of Southeastern Europe - Music per country
• Music of Southeastern Europe - Notable artist
• Music of Southeastern Europe - Composers
• Music of Southeastern Europe - Musical groups

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The exact location, time and method of the entry of chess into western Europe is unknown, however linguistic evidence suggest that it was almost certainly obtained from the Arabs. However the earliest western evidence of chess is dated to the eleventh century at the very earliest, still a significant time after the arabs themselves had discovered chess. Given that prior to eleventh century the arabs had substantial settlements in Spain, France and Italy knowing that our version of chess came from th ...

Including:

• Chess in Europe - Chess in Britain

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Victory in Europe Day (V-E Day or VE Day) was May 8, 1945, the date when the Allies during the Second World War formally celebrated the defeat of Nazi Germany and the end of Adolf Hitler's Third Reich. On that date, massive celebrations took place, notably in London, where over a million people celebrated in a carnival atmosphere the end of the European war, though rationing of food and clothing was to continue for a number of years. In London crowds massed in particular in Trafalgar Square and up The Mall to Buck ...

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The Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (French: Alliance des Démocrates et des Libéraux pour l'Europe) is a Group in the European Parliament. It is composed of members from the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party, European Democratic Party and assorted independents. Both European political parties continue to exist. The Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe is also a political group in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Eur ...

Including:

• Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe - European Liberal Democrat and Reform ELDR party
• Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe - Foundation
• Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe - Program
• Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe - Group Members
• Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe - ALDE in PACE Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
• Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe - Members of the ALDE PACE Group
• Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe - External link

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As a term, the origins of "Eastern Europe" are fairly recent. For many years Europe was divided on a North-South axis, with the southern Mediterranean states having much in common, and the northern Atlantic Ocean and Baltic Sea bordering states also having much in common (see also Northern Europe, Nordic Countries). The term "Eastern Europe" first arose in the 19th century and was used to describe an area that was falling behind the rest of Europe economically. It was seen as a region where serfdom and reactionary autocratic governments pers ...

See also:

Eastern Europe, Eastern Europe - History, Eastern Europe - Former Eastern Bloc, Eastern Europe - Southeastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula, Eastern Europe - Central Europe, Eastern Europe - External link

Read more here: » Eastern Europe: Encyclopedia II - Eastern Europe - History

As a term, the origins of "Eastern Europe" are fairly recent. For many years Europe was divided on a North-South axis, with the southern Mediterranean states having much in common, and the northern Atlantic Ocean and Baltic Sea bordering states also having much in common (see also Northern Europe, Nordic Countries). The term "Eastern Europe" first arose in the 19th century and was used to describe an area that was falling behind the rest of Europe economically. It was seen as a region where serfdom and reactionary autocratic governments pers ...

See also:

Eastern Europe, Eastern Europe - History, Eastern Europe - Former Eastern Bloc, Eastern Europe - Southeastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula, Eastern Europe - Central Europe, Eastern Europe - Links

Read more here: » Eastern Europe: Encyclopedia II - Eastern Europe - History

The sub-division in several linguistic-cultural regions is much less subjective than the geographical sub-division, since they corespond to people's cultural connexions. There is three main groups : Regions of Europe - Germanic Europe. Germanic Europe is where the Germanic languages are predominantly spoken. This area corresponds more or less to north-western Europe and some parts of central Europe. The dominant religion is Protestantism, although there are some countries with a Catholic majority (Ire ...

See also:

Regions of Europe, Regions of Europe - Directional divisions, Regions of Europe - Linguistic-cultural Regions in Europe, Regions of Europe - Germanic Europe, Regions of Europe - Latin Europe, Regions of Europe - Slavic Europe, Regions of Europe - Outside of this classification, Regions of Europe - Peninsulas, Regions of Europe - Other groupings

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Main article: Geology of Europe The Geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex, and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the Scottish Highlands to the rolling plains of Hungary. ...

See also:

Geography of Europe, Geography of Europe - Geology, Geography of Europe - Rivers, Geography of Europe - Lakes and inland seas, Geography of Europe - Major islands, Geography of Europe - Plains and lowlands, Geography of Europe - Mountain ranges, Geography of Europe - Geography by country

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The Council of Europe was founded following a speech given by Winston Churchill at the University of Zurich on 19 September 1946 (text of speech) calling for a "United States of Europe", similar to the United States of America, in the wake of the events of World War II. The Council was officially founded on 5 May 1949 by the Treaty of London agreed to by the ten original members. This treaty is now ...

See also:

Council of Europe, Council of Europe - Founding, Council of Europe - Aims, Council of Europe - Institutions, Council of Europe - Symbols, Council of Europe - Membership

Read more here: » Council of Europe: Encyclopedia II - Council of Europe - Founding

Homo erectus and Neanderthals settled Europe long before the emergence of modern humans, Homo sapiens. The bones of first Europeans are found in Dmanisi, Georgia, dated 2,000,000 BC. The earliest appearance of anatomically modern people in Europe has been dated to 35,000 BC. Evidence of permanent settlement dates from the 7th millennium BC in Bulgaria, Romania and Greece. The Neolithic reached Central Europe in the 6th millennium BC and parts of Northern Europe in the 5th and 4th millennium BC. There is no prehistoric culture t ...

See also:

History of Europe, History of Europe - The origins, History of Europe - The Greeks, History of Europe - Rome, History of Europe - Early Middle Ages, History of Europe - High Middle Ages, History of Europe - Later Middle Ages, History of Europe - Renaissance and Reformation, History of Europe - Colonial expansion, History of Europe - Early Modern period: 16th 17th and 18th century, History of Europe - The English Civil War and Unification with Scotland, History of Europe - English Commonwealth, History of Europe - Act of Union, History of Europe - The French Revolution, History of Europe - Napoleonic Wars, History of Europe - Congress of Vienna, History of Europe - The 19th century, History of Europe - Early 20th century: the World Wars, History of Europe - Late 20th century: the Cold War, History of Europe - Early 21st century: the European Union, History of Europe - Histories of present-day territories, History of Europe - Sources, History of Europe - Recommended reading

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Since the early 1980s the College has developed significant consultancy activity, especially in the field of analysis of EC law. Based on the College’s first experiences with service contracts, notably in the field of codification of European Law and related to the implementation of the Internal Market, the Development Office was created to participate in tender procedures and to manage the teams of r ...

See also:

College of Europe, College of Europe - Campuses, College of Europe - Study programmes, College of Europe - Degrees Awarded, College of Europe - History, College of Europe - Alumni, College of Europe - Promotions, College of Europe - Organisation, College of Europe - Development

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Europe band - Studio Albums. Europe (1983) Wings of Tomorrow (1984) The Final Countdown (1986) Out of This World (1988) Prisoners in Paradise (1991) Start from the Dark (2004) Europe band - Compilations. 1982-1992 (1993) 1982-2000 (1999) - 1982-1992 reissue Rock the Night ...

See also:

Europe band, Europe band - Biography, Europe band - The Beginning, Europe band - Worldwide Success, Europe band - Reunions, Europe band - Band members, Europe band - Current Line-up, Europe band - Former Members, Europe band - Discography, Europe band - Studio Albums, Europe band - Compilations, Europe band - Singles, Europe band - Promotional Music Videos, Europe band - DVD's, Europe band - Pop Culture

Read more here: » Europe band: Encyclopedia II - Europe band - Discography