ethanol

ethanol: Encyclopedia II - Ethanol fuel - Ethanol fuels

Proposals to use alcohol as a fuel are generally concerned with its use in transportation, chiefly as a total or partial replacement for gasoline in cars and other road vehicles. However, other less conventional approaches have been advanced, such as the use of alcohol in fuel cells, either directly or as a feedstock for hydrogen production. In order to become a viable alternative fuel, ethanol must be shown to have a positive net energy; that is the ethanol you put in your car must have ...

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Ethanol fuel - Energy balance in the United States

Ethanol fuel - Arguments and criticisms

ethanol: Encyclopedia - Alcohol

In general usage, alcohol (from Arabic al-kukhul الكحول, al meaning 'the' and kukhul meaning 'spirit', the chemical) refers almost always to ethanol, also known as grain alcohol, and often to any beverage that contains ethanol (see alcoholic beverage). This sense underlies the term alcoholism (addiction to alcohol). Other forms of alcohol are usually described with a clarifying adjective, as in isopropyl alcohol or by the suffix -ol, as in isopropanol. As a drug, com ...

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Alcohol - Structure

Alcohol - Methanol & ethanol

Alcohol - Reactions of alcohols

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ethanol: Encyclopedia - Bioalcohol

Bioalcohol is alcohol obtained from biological sources, not from petroleum. Examples include methanol and ethanol. It is used most often as a blend of biofuel with petroleum although some new cars are able to use BA100 (Bioalcohol 100%). Ethanol is commonly produced from corn in U.S. Midwest and BA10 is commonly available and in some places mandated (though the prefix E is commo ...

ethanol: Encyclopedia - Biomass to liquid

Biomass to liquid (BTL) is a (multi step) process to produce liquid fuels out of biomass: Making ethanol from sugar cane Fischer Tropsch process is used to produce synfuels out of gasified biomass. While biodiesel and bio-ethanol production so far only use parts of a plant, i.e. oil, sugar or starch, BTL production uses the whole plant which is gasified or converted enzymatically . The result is that for BTL, less land area is required per unit of energy produced compared with biodiesel or b ...

ethanol: Encyclopedia - Acetic acid bacteria

Acetobacter Acidiphilium Acidocella Acidomonas Craurococcus Gluconacetobacter Gluconobacter Paracraurococcus Rhodopila Roseococcus Stella Zavarzinia Acetic acid bacteria are bacteria that derive their energy from the oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid during respira ...

ethanol: Encyclopedia - Clostridium acetobutylicum

Clostridium acetobutylicum (C. acetobutylicum) is a commercially valuable bacterium, included in the genus Clostridium. It is sometimes called the "Weizmann Organism", after Chaim Weizmann (or Charles in the USA), who in 1916 helped discover how C. acetobutylicum culture could be used to produce acetone, butanol and ethanol from starch using the A.B.E. ( Acetone, Butanol,Ethanol) process to enable industrial purposes such as gunpowder and TNT production. The A.B.E. process was an industry standard un ...

ethanol: Encyclopedia - Zymase

Zymase is a enzyme complex that catalyze glycolysis, the fermentation of sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide. They occur naturally in yeasts. See alcohol dehydrogenase. Zymase is also the brand name of the generic enzyme mixture pancrelipase, a dietary supplement containing the enzymes amylase, peptidase, and lipase. It is sold to help digestion in people who do not p ...

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ethanol: Encyclopedia - Zymology

Zymology is the science of fermentation. It deals with the biochemical processes involved in fermentation, with yeast selection and physiology, and with the practical issues of brewing. Zymology is occasionally known as zymurgy. Zymology - Fermentation. Fermentation can be simply defined, in this context, as the conversion of sugar molecules into ethanol and carbon dioxide by yeast. C6H12O6 => 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH ...

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ethanol: Encyclopedia - Gasoline

Gasoline is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting primarily of hydrocarbons, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. Gasoline - Chemical analysis and production. Gasoline is produced in oil refineries. These days, material that is simply separated from crude oil via distillation, called natural gasoline, will not meet the required specifications (in particular octane rating; see below) for modern engines, but these streams will form part of the blend. The bulk of a typical gasoline consi ...

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Gasoline - Chemical analysis and production

Gasoline - History

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ethanol: Encyclopedia - Aqua vitae

Aqua vitae (L. "water of life"), is an archaic name for a concentrated aqueous solution of ethanol. Not to be confused with the beverage aquavit, aqua vitae was typically prepared by distilling wine, and was sometimes known as Spirit of Wine in English-language texts. The name was familiarly applied to the leading native distilled spirits of a region. Thus, it was "usquebaugh" or whisky in Scotland and Ireland, "geneva" or gin in Holland; and "eau de vie" (Fr. "water of life") or brandy in France. When the term is employe ...

ethanol: Encyclopedia - Proof

Proof may refer to: a rigorous, compelling argument, including: a mathematical proof (see also proof theory). a logical proof a legal proof. a scientific proof Proofreading Alcoholic proof, a measure of how much ethanol is in an alcoholic beverage Proof coinage, a coin made as an example of a particular strike. Proof (play), a play by David Auburn Proof (1991 film), an Australian film by Jocelyn Moorhouse starring Hu ...

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ethanol: Encyclopedia - Alcohol tolerance

Alcohol tolerance refers to a decreased response to the effects of ethanol in alcoholic beverages. This reduced sensitivity requires that higher quantities of alcohol be consumed in order to achieve the same effects as before tolerance began to occur. The cause of alcohol tolerance is an elevated amount of Alcohol dehydrogenases (a group of enzymes responsible for the breakdown of alcohol) in the liver, and in the bloodstream. This increased enzyme concentration prevents alcohol building up quickly, seemingly reducing its effects. This response to continual high doses of a drug is natu ...

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ethanol: Encyclopedia - Drunkenness

Drunkenness, in its most common usage, is the state of being intoxicated with alcohol (i.e. ethanol) to a sufficient degree to impair mental and motor functioning. A person who is habitually intoxicated in this manner is labeled an alcoholic, often referred to as a "drunk" (a shortened form of the more traditional term "drunkard") or colloquially as a "lush," "alco" or "jakey". Drunkenness can also be used to describe the effects of any number of illegal drugs. (More ...

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Drunkenness - Cultural attitudes

ethanol: Encyclopedia - Acetaldehyde

Acetaldehyde, also known as ethanal, is a chemical compound, an aldehyde with formula CH3CHO and structure It is a highly reactive flammable liquid with a strong fruity smell. It melts at -123.5° C and boils at 21 °C. Acetaldehyde occurs naturally in ripe fruit, coffee, and fresh bread and is produced by plants as part of their normal metabolism. In the liver, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase converts ethanol into acetaldehyde, which is then further converted into the harmless acetic acid by acetaldehyde deh ...

ethanol: Encyclopedia - Amaretto

Amaretto (Italian for "a little bitter") is a type of alcoholic beverage originating from Italy, namely a liqueur flavored with almonds, or the almond-like kernels from apricots, peaches, etc. Amaretto - Brands. Amaretto - Amaretto Di Saronno. The most popular brand is Amaretto Di Saronno ("from Saronno"), an amber-red liqueur made from apricot stones, with a characteristic bittersweet almond taste, containing 28.0% ethanol (56 proof). It is claimed that whe ...

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Amaretto - Brands

Amaretto - Amaretto-based Cocktails

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ethanol: Encyclopedia - Calamine lotion

Calamine lotion is a zinc-based antipruritic typically used to treat sunburn, eczema, rashes and insect bites and stings. It has a cooling and soothing effect offering symptomatic relief and is a mild antiseptic - helping to prevent infections that can be caused by scratching the affected area. Its active ingredient is zinc oxide with a small amount of ferric oxide, and other constituents include liquid paraffin, glyceryl monostearate, cetomacrogol, and phenoxy ethanol. See also: ...

ethanol: Encyclopedia II - Ethanol - Production

Ethanol is produced both as a petrochemical, through the hydration of ethylene, and biologically, by fermenting sugars with yeast. Ethanol - Ethylene hydration. Ethanol for use as industrial feedstock and is most often made from petroleum feedstocks, typically by the acid-catalyzed hydration of ethylene, represented by the chemical equation H2C=CH2 + H2O → ...

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