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Estonians

A Wisdom Archive on Estonians

Estonians

A selection of articles related to Estonians

estonians, Estonians, Estonians - Emigration, Estonians - History, List of notable Estonians, Demographics of Estonia, Category:Estonian-Americans

ARTICLES RELATED TO Estonians

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - Demographics of Estonia - Population

Demographics of Estonia - Age structure. 0-14 years: 18% (male 129,204; female 124,269) 15-64 years: 68% (male 466,960; female 503,233) 65 years and over: 14% (male 67,781; female 140,024) (2000 est.) Demographics of Estonia - Population growth rate. -0.59% (2000 est.) Demographics of Estonia - Birth rate. 8.45 births/1,000 population (2000 est.) Demographics of Es ...

See also:

Demographics of Estonia, Demographics of Estonia - Population, Demographics of Estonia - Age structure, Demographics of Estonia - Population growth rate, Demographics of Estonia - Birth rate, Demographics of Estonia - Death rate, Demographics of Estonia - Net migration rate, Demographics of Estonia - Sex ratio, Demographics of Estonia - Infant mortality rate, Demographics of Estonia - Life expectancy at birth, Demographics of Estonia - Total fertility rate, Demographics of Estonia - Nationality, Demographics of Estonia - Ethnic groups, Demographics of Estonia - Religion, Demographics of Estonia - Languages, Demographics of Estonia - Literacy

Read more here: » Demographics of Estonia: Encyclopedia II - Demographics of Estonia - Population

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - Russian history 1682-1796 - Peter the Great and the Russian Empire

Peter I, a child of the second marriage of Tsar Aleksey, was at first relegated to the political background, as various court factions struggled to control the throne. Aleksey was succeeded by his son from his first marriage, Feodor III, a sickly boy who died in 1682. Peter then was made co-tsar with his half brother, Ivan V, but Peter's half sister, Sofia, held the real power. She ruled as regent while the young Peter was allowed to play war games with his friends and to roam in Moscow's foreign quarters. These early experiences instilled i ...

See also:

Russian history 1682-1796, Russian history 1682-1796 - Note on naming, Russian history 1682-1796 - Peter the Great and the Russian Empire, Russian history 1682-1796 - The era of Russian palace revolutions, Russian history 1682-1796 - Russian imperial expansion and maturation—Catherine II

Read more here: » Russian history 1682-1796: Encyclopedia II - Russian history 1682-1796 - Peter the Great and the Russian Empire

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - Baltic countries - Baltic states

In matters of modern politics, the Baltic states are three specific countries: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. All three countries were controlled by Soviet Union in 1940-1941 and 1944(1945)-1991, and have been members of the European Union since 2004. Today they are liberal democracies, parliamentary republics, and very quickly growing market economies. Despite the common name, it is often indicated that the three Baltic states have little else in common other than their geographic proximity, similar small size, and to lesser d ...

See also:

Baltic countries, Baltic countries - Baltic Sea countries and Balticum, Baltic countries - Baltic states, Baltic countries - History of the Baltic states, Baltic countries - Language and Culture in the Baltic states, Baltic countries - Tourism of the Baltic states, Baltic countries - Related statistics, Baltic countries - Other uses

Read more here: » Baltic countries: Encyclopedia II - Baltic countries - Baltic states

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - September 2003 - Events

See Also: U.S. Presidential Election Iraq timeline Afghanistan timeline September 2003 California recall Hutton Inquiry Liberian crisis North Korea crisis Road map for peace Same-sex marriage SCO vs IBM War on Terrorism September 2003 - September 30 2003. Air France and KLM are completing their merger. Alitalia could be a part of the new big airline. [1] E ...

See also:

September 2003, September 2003 - Events, September 2003 - September 30 2003, September 2003 - September 29 2003, September 2003 - September 28 2003, September 2003 - September 27 2003, September 2003 - September 26 2003, September 2003 - September 25 2003, September 2003 - September 24 2003, September 2003 - September 23 2003, September 2003 - September 22 2003, September 2003 - September 21 2003, September 2003 - September 20 2003, September 2003 - September 19 2003, September 2003 - September 18 2003, September 2003 - September 17 2003, September 2003 - September 16 2003, September 2003 - September 15 2003, September 2003 - September 14 2003, September 2003 - September 13 2003, September 2003 - September 12 2003, September 2003 - September 11 2003, September 2003 - September 10 2003, September 2003 - September 9 2003, September 2003 - September 8 2003, September 2003 - September 7 2003, September 2003 - September 6 2003, September 2003 - September 5 2003, September 2003 - September 4 2003, September 2003 - September 3 2003, September 2003 - September 2 2003, September 2003 - Events by month

Read more here: » September 2003: Encyclopedia II - September 2003 - Events

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - Kalevala - Characters

The main character of the Kalevala is Väinämöinen, a shamanistic hero with the magical power of songs and music. He is born of the primal Maiden of the Air and contributes to the creation of the world. Many of his travels resemble shamanistic journeys, especially the one where he visits the belly of a ground-giant, Antero Vipunen, to find the words of boat generation. He plays the kantele, a Finnish string instrument that is played like a zither. One of his kanteles is made of the jawbone of a giant pike. His search for a wife is a centra ...

See also:

Kalevala, Kalevala - Writing the Kalevala, Kalevala - Characters, Kalevala - Influence of the Kalevala, Kalevala - The quest for Kalevala, Kalevala - Sample, Kalevala - Books, Kalevala - Movies

Read more here: » Kalevala: Encyclopedia II - Kalevala - Characters

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - Victory Day - Victory Day on September 8 in Malta

Victory Day on September 8 is a national holiday in Malta to commemorate the victory of the Knights Hospitaller over the Ottoman Turks in the Great Siege of 1565, as well as the capitulation of Italy in 1943, turning against its former Nazi German ally during World War II. September 8 is also the feast day of the birth of Mary, the mother of Jesus, which is popularly celebrated in Naxxar, Senglea, and Mellieha on the same day. ...

See also:

Victory Day, Victory Day - Victory Day on May 9 in Eastern Europe, Victory Day - Victory Day on June 23 in Estonia, Victory Day - Victory Day on August 30 in Turkey, Victory Day - Victory Day on September 8 in Malta, Victory Day - Victory Day on December 16 in Bangladesh, Victory Day - Victory Day in Rhode Island, Victory Day - Victory Day in other countries

Read more here: » Victory Day: Encyclopedia II - Victory Day - Victory Day on September 8 in Malta

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - Heinrich Himmler - Early life

Born near Munich, Bavaria, Germany, into a middle-class family, he was the son of a Bavarian schoolmaster and attended Landshut High School. After leaving school, Himmler was appointed an Officer Cadet in 1918 and joined the 11th Bavarian Regiment for service in World War I. Shortly before he was due for commissioning as an officer the war ended, and he was discharged from the military without seeing combat. In 1919, a year after World War I had ended, Himmler began studying agronomy at the Technische Hochschule in Munich. During his ...

See also:

Heinrich Himmler, Heinrich Himmler - Early life, Heinrich Himmler - Early Nazi Party activity, Heinrich Himmler - Rise in the SS, Heinrich Himmler - Consolidation of power, Heinrich Himmler - Himmler and the Holocaust, Heinrich Himmler - The Second World War, Heinrich Himmler - Peace negotiations capture and death

Read more here: » Heinrich Himmler: Encyclopedia II - Heinrich Himmler - Early life

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - Northern Crusades - Subjugation of Livonians and Estonians

Between 1030 and 1197 pagan Estonia was attacked no less than thirteen times by Russians and also by Sweden and Denmark. In addition to military campaigns there were also peaceful attempts by the western Christians to convert the Estonians, starting with missions despatched by Adalbert, Archbishop of Bremen from 1045-72. However these peaceful efforts seem to have had very limited success. Moving in the wake of German merchants who were now following the old trading routes of the Vikings, a monk named Meinhard landed at the mouth of the Daug ...

See also:

Northern Crusades, Northern Crusades - Subjugation of Livonians and Estonians, Northern Crusades - Teutonic Order, Northern Crusades - Selected Bibliography

Read more here: » Northern Crusades: Encyclopedia II - Northern Crusades - Subjugation of Livonians and Estonians

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Exile settlements

Exile settlements (ссыльное поселение, ssylnoye poselenie) were a kind of internal exile. The system of political and administrative exile existed in the Imperial Russia as well. The most notable category of exile settlers in the Soviet Union (ссыльнопоселенцы, ssylnoposelentsy) were the whole nationalities resettled during Joseph Stalin's rule (1928–1953). At various times, a number of other terms were used for this category: special settlement (спецпоселение), s ...

See also:

Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Exile settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - The population of the settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Labor settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Free settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Population statistics, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Wikisource

Read more here: » Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Exile settlements

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - Population transfer in the Soviet Union - Transfers of ethnicities

The wholesale removal of potentially trouble-making ethnic groups was a technique used consistently by Joseph Stalin during his career: Poles (1934), Koreans (1937), Ukrainians, Jews, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians (1940-1941 and 1945-1949), Volga Germans (1941), Balkars, Chechens, Ingushs (1944), Kalmyks (1944), Meskhetian Turks (1944), Crimean Tatars (18 May 1944). Large numbers of kulaks regardless their nationality were resettled to Siberia and Central Asia. Shortly before, during and immediately after World War II, Stalin condu ...

See also:

Population transfer in the Soviet Union, Population transfer in the Soviet Union - Deportations of social categories, Population transfer in the Soviet Union - Transfers of ethnicities, Population transfer in the Soviet Union - Labor force transfer, Population transfer in the Soviet Union - Timeline, Population transfer in the Soviet Union - Wikisource

Read more here: » Population transfer in the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - Population transfer in the Soviet Union - Transfers of ethnicities

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland - Concept and Formation

By 1943, the foreign legions of the Waffen-SS had proven their worth in battle many times over. The 5th SS Panzergrenadier Division Wiking, a volunteer division, had been in action since 1940 and had amassed an impressive combat record. However, the Wiking, whose enlisted men were predominantly Nordic volunteers, was officered by Germans. In February 1943, Hitler ordered the creation of an SS Division which would be officered by foreign volunteers. The Wiking's SS-Panzer-Grenadier-Regiment Nordland, a Scand ...

See also:

11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland, 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland - Concept and Formation, 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland - Leningrad to Narva - Battle of the European SS, 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland - Tannenberg Line - Kurland Pocket, 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland - East Prussia and Pomerania, 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland - The Final Battle, 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland - Commanders, 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland - Order Of Battle

Read more here: » 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland: Encyclopedia II - 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland - Concept and Formation

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the Finns

There are quite a few offensive terms for the Finns, some of which have a pejorative association. The Russians used to frequently refer to Finns (and Estonians) as Chukhna (the actual name of these nations in Imperial Russia, now considered derogatory). The Estonians use poro (literally "reindeer") presumably to both play on geographical location, and the fact that Finns purportedly na ...

See also:

Offensive terms per nationality, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Austrians, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Argentinians, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Arabs, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Australians, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Azeri, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Belarusians, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Bolivians, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Brazilians, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the British, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Central Asia and Caucasus peoples, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Canadians, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Chileans, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Chinese, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Croatians, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the Czechs, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the Dutch, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the English, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Falklanders, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the Finns, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the French, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Germans, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for former East Germans, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for former West Germans, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the Hungarians, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the Indians, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the Irish, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the Italians, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Japanese, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Jews, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Lithuanians, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Mari, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Mexicans, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for New Zealanders, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Norwegians, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Pakistanis, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Peruvians, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the Poles, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Portuguese, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the Romanians, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the Russians, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Serbs, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Scots, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for South Africans, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the Spanish, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the Swedish, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the Tatars, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the Turkish, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the Ukrainians, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for citizens of the United States, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Uruguayan, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Vietnamese, Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for Welshmen

Read more here: » Offensive terms per nationality: Encyclopedia II - Offensive terms per nationality - Offensive terms for the Finns

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - Estonia - History

Human settlement in Estonia became possible when the ice, from the last glacial era, melted away 11,000–13,000 years ago. The oldest known settlement in Estonia was located on the Pärnu River, near the town of Sindi (Pulli settlement, by village Pulli - on right bank of Pärnu River). It dates back to the middle of the 8th millennium BC. Estonia was first christianised when the German "Livonian Sword Brethren" and Denmark conquered the land by 1227. Subsequent foreign powers that controlled Estonia at various times included Denmark ...

See also:

Estonia, Estonia - History, Estonia - Politics, Estonia - Counties, Estonia - Geography, Estonia - Climate, Estonia - Economy, Estonia - Demographics, Estonia - Ethnicity, Estonia - Religion, Estonia - Culture, Estonia - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Estonia: Encyclopedia II - Estonia - History

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - Heinrich Himmler - Himmler and the Holocaust

After the Night of the Long Knives, the SS-Totenkopfverbände was given the task of organizing and administering Germany's regime of concentration camps and, after 1941, the extermination camps in occupied Poland. The SS, through its intelligence arm the Sicherheitsdienst (SD), was charged with finding Jews, Roma, priests, homosexuals, communists and those persons of any other cultural, racial, political or religious affiliation deemed by the Nazis to be either Untermenschen (sub-human) or in opposition to the reg ...

See also:

Heinrich Himmler, Heinrich Himmler - Early life, Heinrich Himmler - Early Nazi Party activity, Heinrich Himmler - Rise in the SS, Heinrich Himmler - Consolidation of power, Heinrich Himmler - Himmler and the Holocaust, Heinrich Himmler - Poznań speech, Heinrich Himmler - The Second World War, Heinrich Himmler - Peace negotiations capture and death, Heinrich Himmler - Conspiracy theories, Heinrich Himmler - Historical view, Heinrich Himmler - Surviving family

Read more here: » Heinrich Himmler: Encyclopedia II - Heinrich Himmler - Himmler and the Holocaust

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - Heinrich Himmler - The Second World War

Before the invasion of Russia in 1941, Himmler began preparing his SS for a war of extermination against the forces of "Judeo-Bolshevism". Himmler, always glad to make parallels between Nazi Germany and the Middle Ages, compared the invasion to the Crusades. Himmler collected volunteers from all over Europe, including Danes, Norwegians, Swedes, Dutch, Belgians, French, Spaniards, and, after the invasion, Ukrainians, Latvians, Lithuanians, and Estonians. Himmler attracted the non-Germanic volunteers by declaring a pan-European crusade to defend the traditional ...

See also:

Heinrich Himmler, Heinrich Himmler - Early life, Heinrich Himmler - Early Nazi Party activity, Heinrich Himmler - Rise in the SS, Heinrich Himmler - Consolidation of power, Heinrich Himmler - Himmler and the Holocaust, Heinrich Himmler - Poznań speech, Heinrich Himmler - The Second World War, Heinrich Himmler - Peace negotiations capture and death, Heinrich Himmler - Conspiracy theories, Heinrich Himmler - Historical view, Heinrich Himmler - Surviving family

Read more here: » Heinrich Himmler: Encyclopedia II - Heinrich Himmler - The Second World War

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - History of Estonia - Pre-history

Human settlement became possible when the ice, from the last glacial era, melted away 11,000–13,000 years ago. The oldest known settlement in Estonia was located by the Pärnu River, near the town of Sindi (village Pulli). It dates back to the middle of the 8th millennium BC. (In 2004, another settlement was found near the place where river Reiu joins river Pärnu, it is probably 500-1000 years older than Pulli settlement). Previously known hunting and fishing communities from around 6500 BC had lived near the town of Kunda. Bone and stone ...

See also:

History of Estonia, History of Estonia - Pre-history, History of Estonia - The Conquest, History of Estonia - The Middle Ages, History of Estonia - Swedish Period, History of Estonia - Part of Imperial Russia, History of Estonia - Independence, History of Estonia - Period of Soviet and German Occupation, History of Estonia - Creation of Estonian SSR, History of Estonia - German Occupation, History of Estonia - After World War II, History of Estonia - Regaining Independence, History of Estonia - Time line, History of Estonia - Prehistory, History of Estonia - Livonian Period, History of Estonia - Swedish period, History of Estonia - Russian Period, History of Estonia - Independent Estonia

Read more here: » History of Estonia: Encyclopedia II - History of Estonia - Pre-history

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Free settlements

Free settlements (вольное поселение, volnoye poselenie) were for persons released from the confines of labor camps "for free settlement" before their term expiration, as well as for those who served the full term, but remained restricted in their choice of place of residence. These people were known as free settlers (вольнопоселенцы, volnoposelentsy). The term was in use earlier, in Imperial Russia, in two meanings: free settlement of peasants or cossacks (in the sense of being free from ...

See also:

Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Exile settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - The population of the settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Labor settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Free settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Population statistics, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Wikisource

Read more here: » Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Free settlements

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - Demographics of Estonia - Nationality

Demographics of Estonia - Ethnic groups. Estonian 68.4%, Russian 25.7%, Ukrainian 2.1%, Belarusian 1.2%, Finn 0.9%, other 2.3% (2003) ...

See also:

Demographics of Estonia, Demographics of Estonia - Population, Demographics of Estonia - Age structure, Demographics of Estonia - Population growth rate, Demographics of Estonia - Birth rate, Demographics of Estonia - Death rate, Demographics of Estonia - Net migration rate, Demographics of Estonia - Sex ratio, Demographics of Estonia - Infant mortality rate, Demographics of Estonia - Life expectancy at birth, Demographics of Estonia - Total fertility rate, Demographics of Estonia - Nationality, Demographics of Estonia - Ethnic groups, Demographics of Estonia - Religion, Demographics of Estonia - Languages, Demographics of Estonia - Literacy

Read more here: » Demographics of Estonia: Encyclopedia II - Demographics of Estonia - Nationality

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - Finnic - Kvens

While the descendants of the Finnic peoples outside Finland and Estonia in the northernmost Europe - i.e. in the rest of Scandinavia and in today's entire north-western territories of Russia - have largely assimilated with the majority groups and populations in many cases, they still remain a more or less visible minority group in many areas, of which the areas inhabited by the Kvens of Northern Norway, the Tornedalians (the Tornedalian Kvens) of Northern Sweden and the Viena Karelians and East Karelians (historically the Bjarms - or Bjarmian K ...

See also:

Finnic, Finnic - History, Finnic - Kvens

Read more here: » Finnic: Encyclopedia II - Finnic - Kvens

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - Demographics of Estonia - Religion

Traditional religion of the Estonians is the Christian belief in the form the Evangelical Lutheran confession (as in many other countries in Scandinavia). Less than a third of the population define themselves as believers, of those the majority are Lutheran, whereas the Russian minority is Eastern Orthodox. Ancient equinoctial heathen traditions are held in high regard. Today, about 32 % of the population are members of a church or religious group, thereof: 14.8 % Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church 13.9 % Orthodox ca. 6,00 ...

See also:

Demographics of Estonia, Demographics of Estonia - Population, Demographics of Estonia - Age structure, Demographics of Estonia - Population growth rate, Demographics of Estonia - Birth rate, Demographics of Estonia - Death rate, Demographics of Estonia - Net migration rate, Demographics of Estonia - Sex ratio, Demographics of Estonia - Infant mortality rate, Demographics of Estonia - Life expectancy at birth, Demographics of Estonia - Total fertility rate, Demographics of Estonia - Nationality, Demographics of Estonia - Ethnic groups, Demographics of Estonia - Religion, Demographics of Estonia - Languages, Demographics of Estonia - Literacy

Read more here: » Demographics of Estonia: Encyclopedia II - Demographics of Estonia - Religion

Estonians: Encyclopedia II - Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Labor settlements

Labor settlements (трудопоселение, trudoposelenie) were a method of internal exile that used settlers for obligatory labor. The main category of "labor settlers" (трудопоселенцы, trudoposelentsy) were kulaks and members of their families deported in 1930s before the Great Purge. Labor settlements were under the management of Gulag, but they must not be confused with labor camps. The first official document that decreed wide-scale "dekulakization" was joint decree of Central Executive Co ...

See also:

Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Exile settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - The population of the settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Labor settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Free settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Population statistics, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Wikisource

Read more here: » Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Labor settlements




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