An essential oil is a concentrated, hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aromatic compounds extracted from plants. It may be produced by distillation, expression, or solvent extraction. Essential oils are used in perfumery, aromatherapy, cosmetics, incense, medicine, household cleaning products, and for flavoring food and drink. They are valuable commodities in the fragrance and food industries. Essential oil is also known as volatile oil and ethereal oil. It may also be referred to as "oil of" the raw plant mat ...

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Essential oil - Production Essential oil - Perfumery Essential oil - Aromatherapy Essential oil - Popular uses Essential oil - Dangers Essential oil - Raw Materials

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Essential oil, Essential oil - Production, Essential oil - Perfumery, Essential oil - Aromatherapy, Essential oil - Popular uses, Essential oil - Dangers, Essential oil - Raw Materials

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Aromatherapy is a form of herbal medicine, in which healing effects are ascribed to the aromatic compounds in essential oils and other plant extracts. Many common essential oils have medicinal properties that have been applied in folk medicine since ancient times and are still widely used today. For example, many essential oils have antiseptic properties, though some are stronger than others. In addition, many have an uplifting effect on the mind, though diffe ...

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Essential oil, Essential oil - Production, Essential oil - Perfumery, Essential oil - Aromatherapy, Essential oil - Popular uses, Essential oil - Dangers, Essential oil - Raw Materials

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About 100 species, including: Myristica argentea Myristica fragrans Myristica malabarica The nutmegs Myristica are a genus of evergreen trees indigenous to tropical southeast Asia and Australasia. They are important for two spices derived from the fruit, nutmeg and mace. Nutmeg is the actual seed of the tree, roughly egg-shaped and about 20-30 mm long and 15-18 mm wide, while mace is the dried "lacy" reddish covering or arillus of the seed.

Nutmeg - Culinary uses Nutmeg - Essential oils Nutmeg - Nutmeg butter Nutmeg - History Nutmeg - World production Nutmeg - Risks and toxicity

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The germ is the "heart" of the cereal kernel, the embryo of the seed, and a concentrated source of several essential nutrients including Vitamin E, folate (folic acid), phosphorus, thiamin, zinc and magnesium. Along with bran, germ is often a by-product of the milling that produces refined grain products. Wheat germ, rice germ, maize germ, and others may be used to extract vegetable oil or directly as a food-making ingredient. The ger ...

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The essential oil is obtained by the steam distillation of ground nutmeg and is used heavily in the perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. The oil is colorless or light yellow and smells and tastes of nutmeg. It contains numerous components of interest to the oleochemical industry, and is used as a natural food flavouring in baked goods, syrups (e.g. Coca Cola), beverages, sweets etc. It replaces ground nutmeg as it leaves no particles in the food. The essential oil is also used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries for instance in ...

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Nutmeg, Nutmeg - Culinary uses, Nutmeg - Essential oils, Nutmeg - Nutmeg butter, Nutmeg - History, Nutmeg - World production, Nutmeg - Risks and toxicity

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World production of nutmegs is estimated to average between 10,000 and 12,000 tonnes per year with annual world demand estimated at 9,000 tonnes; production of mace is estimated at 1,500 to 2,000 tonnes. Indonesia and Grenada dominate production and exports of both products with a world market share of 75% and 20% respectively. Other producers include India, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka and Caribbean islands such as St. Vincent. The principal import markets are the European Community, the United States, Japan and India. Singapore ...

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Nutmeg, Nutmeg - Culinary uses, Nutmeg - Essential oils, Nutmeg - Nutmeg butter, Nutmeg - History, Nutmeg - World production, Nutmeg - Risks and toxicity

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Nutmeg and mace have similar taste qualities, nutmeg having a slightly sweeter and mace a more delicate flavor. Mace is often preferred in light-coloured dishes for the bright orange, saffron-like colour it imparts. In Indian cuisine, nutmeg is used almost exclusively in sweets. In European cuisine, nutmeg and mace are used especially in potato dishes and in processed meat products; they are also used in soups, sauces and baked goods. Japanese varieties of curry ...

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Nutmeg, Nutmeg - Culinary uses, Nutmeg - Essential oils, Nutmeg - Nutmeg butter, Nutmeg - History, Nutmeg - World production, Nutmeg - Risks and toxicity

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There is some evidence that Roman priests may have burned nutmeg as a form of incense, although this is disputed. It is known to have been used as a prized and costly spice in the Middle Ages. Saint Theodore the Studite was famous for allowing his monks to sprinkle nutmeg on their pease pudding when required to eat it. In Elizabethan times it was believed that nutmeg could ward off the plague, so nutmeg was very popular. Nutmeg was traded by Arabs during the Middle Ages in ...

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Nutmeg, Nutmeg - Culinary uses, Nutmeg - Essential oils, Nutmeg - Nutmeg butter, Nutmeg - History, Nutmeg - World production, Nutmeg - Risks and toxicity

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In low doses, nutmeg produces no noticeable effect on the mind or body. Large doses of 7.5 g or more are dangerous, potentially producing convulsions, palpitations, nausea, eventual dehydration, and generalized body pain. In amounts of 10 g or more it is a mild to medium hallucinogen, producing visual distortions and a mild euphoria similar to that derived from Marijuana. However, use of nutmeg as a recreational drug is unpopular, due to the potential painful physical side effects, the risk of Nutmeg Psychosis (see below) and the inconventie ...

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Nutmeg, Nutmeg - Culinary uses, Nutmeg - Essential oils, Nutmeg - Nutmeg butter, Nutmeg - History, Nutmeg - World production, Nutmeg - Risks and toxicity

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In low doses, nutmeg produces no noticeable effect on the mind or body. Large doses of 7.5 g or more are dangerous, potentially producing convulsions, palpitations, nausea, eventual dehydration, and generalized body pain. In amounts of 10 g or more it is a mild to medium hallucinogen, producing visual distortions and a mild euphoria similar to that derived from Marijuana. However, use of nutmeg as a recreational drug is unpopular, due to the potential painful physical side effects, the risk of Nutmeg Psychosis (see below) and the inconvenien ...

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Nutmeg, Nutmeg - Culinary uses, Nutmeg - Essential oils, Nutmeg - Nutmeg butter, Nutmeg - History, Nutmeg - World production, Nutmeg - Risks and toxicity

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One of the earliest documented historical uses of olive oil is in religious ceremonies of the ancient Minoans. Olive oil was a central product of the Minoan civilization, where it is thought to have represented wealth. The Minoans put the pulp into settling tanks and, when the oil had risen to the top, drained the water from the bottom. It was also very common in the cuisine of Ancient Greece and classical Rome. According to legend, the city of Athens obtained its name because Athenians considered olive oil more essential than water, thus preferring the offering of ...

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Olive oil, Olive oil - Grades and classification, Olive oil - Classifying production, Olive oil - Grades on retail labels, Olive oil - Label wording, Olive oil - The market, Olive oil - Global olive oil market, Olive oil - Olive oil extraction, Olive oil - Health claims, Olive oil - Olive oil in history, Olive oil - Olive oil in contemporary religious use

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Rosin is also known as colophony or colophonia resina from its origin in Colophon, an ancient Ionic city. It is the resinous constituent of the oleo-resin exuded by various species of pine, known in commerce as crude turpentine. The separation of the oleo-resin into the essential oil-spirit of turpentine and common rosin is effected by distillation in large copper stills. The essential oil is carried off at a temperature of between 100° and 160° C, leaving fluid rosin, which is run off through a tap at the bottom of the still ...

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A number of prerequisites were necessary before this suite of technologies could become productive. Probably the first requirement was the realisation that oil wells (or water wells, but since their depths are normally trivial, the development was essentially done in the oil industry) are not necessarily vertical. This realisation was quite slow, and didn't really grasp the attention of the oil industry until the late 1920s when there were several cases of lawsuits alleging that a well drilled from a rig on one person's property had actually ...

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Directional drilling, Directional drilling - History, Directional drilling - Directional Wells

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A number of prerequisites were necessary before this suite of technologies could become productive. Probably the first requirement was the realisation that oil wells (or water wells, but since their depths are normally trivial, the development was essentially done in the oil industry) are not necessarily vertical. This realisation was quite slow, and didn't really grasp the attention of the oil industry until the late 1920s when there were several cases of lawsuits alleging that a well drilled from a rig on one person's property had actually ...

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Directional drilling, Directional drilling - History, Directional drilling - Benefits

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Thermal depolymerization - Carthage plant products. The yield from one ton of turkey waste is 600 pounds petroleum, 100 pounds butane/methane, and 60 pounds minerals. The Carthage, MO plant produces API 40+, a high value crude oil comparable to diesel fuel. It contains light and heavy naphthas, a kerosene, and a gas oil fraction, with essentially no heavy fuel oils, tars, asphaltenes, or waxes present. The fixed carbon solids produced by the TDP process have multiple uses as a filter, a fuel source and a fertilizer. It can be ...

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Thermal depolymerization, Thermal depolymerization - Similar processes, Thermal depolymerization - History, Thermal depolymerization - Theory and process, Thermal depolymerization - Feedstocks and outputs with thermal depolymerization, Thermal depolymerization - Carthage plant products, Thermal depolymerization - Limitations, Thermal depolymerization - Current status, Thermal depolymerization - Price and design changes, Thermal depolymerization - Company expansion, Thermal depolymerization - Smell complaints

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The pharmacology of cannabis is complex, due to a wide variety of terpenoid and terpenophenolic compounds (cannabinoids) in the essential oil. The most important pharmacologically active cannabinoids are delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol, and cannabinol (a degradation product of Δ9-THC). Cannabis - Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol THC. The best known component of cannabis is THC. This psychoactive compound may produce relaxation, euphoria, concentration or diffusion of attention, altered space-time perception, alteration of visual, auditory, and ol ...

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Cannabis, Cannabis - Species, Cannabis - Etymology, Cannabis - Aspects of cannabis use, Cannabis - Pharmacology, Cannabis - Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol THC, Cannabis - Cannabinoids, Cannabis - Cannflavins, Cannabis - Terpenoids, Cannabis - The cannabinoid receptor system

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Soybean - Protein. Soybeans are a source of complete protein. A complete protein is one that contains significant amounts of all the essential amino acids that must be provided to the human body because of the body's inability to synthesize them. For this reason, soy is important to many vegetarians and vegans. Soy protein is similar to that of other legume seeds, but has the highest yield per square meter of growing area, and it's the least expensive source of dietary protein. The only non-legume to have an almost identical protein profile to soy is the cereal oat (A ...

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Soybean, Soybean - Physical characteristics, Soybean - Cultivation, Soybean - Uses, Soybean - Oil, Soybean - Meal, Soybean - Flour, Soybean - Infant formula, Soybean - Substitute for existing products, Soybean - Other products, Soybean - Genetic modification, Soybean - Nutrition, Soybean - Protein, Soybean - Vitamins and Minerals, Soybean - Health, Soybean - Isoflavones, Soybean - Reduce cholesterol, Soybean - Cancer

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Before perfumes can be composed, the odorants used in various perfume compositions must first be obtained. Synthetic odorants are produced through organic synthesis and purified. Odorants from natural sources require the use of various methods to extract the aromatics from the raw materials. The results of the extraction are either essential oils, absolutes, concretes, or butters, depending on the amount of waxes in the extracted product. All these techniques will to a certain extent, distort the odour of the aromatic compounds obtain ...

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Perfume, Perfume - Obtaining odorants, Perfume - Fragrant extracts, Perfume - Composing perfumes, Perfume - Description of a perfume, Perfume - Olfactive families, Perfume - Fragrance Notes, Perfume - Concentration, Perfume - History of perfume and perfumery, Perfume - Famous perfumes classified by year of creation, Perfume - Natural and synthetic aromatics, Perfume - Plant sources, Perfume - Animal sources, Perfume - Synthetic sources, Perfume - Health and ethical issues, Perfume - Use of Aromatics, Perfume - Natural Musk, Perfume - Celebrity Endorsed Perfumes, Perfume - Reference

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Ethanol is a moderately good solvent for many "fatty" substances and essential "oils", and thus facilitates the inclusion of several coloring, flavoring, and aromatic compounds to alcoholic beverages, especially to distilled ones. These flavoring ingredients may be naturally present in the starting material, or may be added before fermentation, before distillation, or before bottling the distilled product. Sometimes the flavor is obtained by allowing the beverage to stand for months or years in barrels made of special wood, or in bottles where scented twigs or fr ...

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Alcoholic beverage, Alcoholic beverage - Chemistry, Alcoholic beverage - Alcoholic content, Alcoholic beverage - Flavoring, Alcoholic beverage - History, Alcoholic beverage - Fermented beverages, Alcoholic beverage - Distilled beverages, Alcoholic beverage - Uses, Alcoholic beverage - Legal considerations, Alcoholic beverage - Types of alcoholic beverages, Alcoholic beverage - Non-distilled beverages, Alcoholic beverage - Distilled beverages

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