An essential oil is a concentrated, hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aromatic compounds extracted from plants. It may be produced by distillation, expression, or solvent extraction. Essential oils are used in perfumery, aromatherapy, cosmetics, incense, medicine, household cleaning products, and for flavoring food and drink. They are valuable commodities in the fragrance and food industries. Essential oil is also known as volatile oil and ethereal oil. It may also be referred to as "oil of" the raw plant mat ...

Including:

• Essential oil - Production
• Essential oil - Perfumery
• Essential oil - Aromatherapy
• Essential oil - Popular uses
• Essential oil - Dangers
• Essential oil - Raw Materials

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See also:

Essential oil, Essential oil - Production, Essential oil - Perfumery, Essential oil - Aromatherapy, Essential oil - Popular uses, Essential oil - Dangers, Essential oil - Raw Materials

Read more here: » Essential oil: Encyclopedia II - Essential oil - Dangers

Main high-volume products - turpentine; orange, lemon, mint and citronella are essential oils. Prior to the discovery of distillation, essential oils were extracted by pressing, and this is still the case in cultures such as Egypt. Traditional Egyptian practice involves pressing the plant material, and then burying it in unglazed ceramic vessels in the desert for a period of months to drive out water, the water having a smaller molecular size diffuses through the ceramic vessels while the larger essential oils do not. The lotus oil in Tutankhamun's tomb, which retained its scent after 3000 years sealed in al ...

See also:

Essential oil, Essential oil - Production, Essential oil - Perfumery, Essential oil - Aromatherapy, Essential oil - Popular uses, Essential oil - Dangers, Essential oil - Raw Materials

Read more here: » Essential oil: Encyclopedia II - Essential oil - Production

About 100 species, including: Myristica argentea Myristica fragrans Myristica malabarica The nutmegs Myristica are a genus of evergreen trees indigenous to tropical southeast Asia and Australasia. They are important for two spices derived from the fruit, nutmeg and mace. Nutmeg is the actual seed of the tree, roughly egg-shaped and about 20-30 mm long and 15-18 mm wide, while mace is the dried "lacy" reddish covering or arillus of the seed.

• Nutmeg - Culinary uses
• Nutmeg - Essential oils
• Nutmeg - Nutmeg butter
• Nutmeg - History
• Nutmeg - World production
• Nutmeg - Risks and toxicity

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An aroma compound, also known as odorant, aroma, fragrance, flavor, is a chemical compound that has a smell or odor. A chemical compound has a smell or odor when two conditions are met: the compounds needs to be volatile, so it can be transported to the olfactory system in the upper part of the nose, and it needs to be in a sufficiently high concentration to be able to ...

Including:

• Aroma compound - Compounds
• Aroma compound - Alcohols
• Aroma compound - Aldehydes
• Aroma compound - Esters

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Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils and aroma compounds, fixatives, and solvents used to give the human body, objects, and living spaces a lasting and pleasant smell. The amount and type of solvent mix with the fragrance oil dictates whether a perfume is considered a perfume extract, Eau de parfum, Eau de toilette, or Eau de Cologne. Perfume - Obtaining odorants. Before perfumes can be composed, the odorants used in various perfume compositions must first be obtained. Synthetic odorants are prod ...

Including:

• Perfume - Obtaining odorants
• Perfume - Fragrant extracts
• Perfume - Composing perfumes
• Perfume - Description of a perfume
• Perfume - Olfactive families
• Perfume - Fragrance Notes
• Perfume - Concentration
• Perfume - History of perfume and perfumery
• Perfume - Famous perfumes classified by year of creation
• Perfume - Natural and synthetic aromatics
• Perfume - Plant sources
• Perfume - Animal sources
• Perfume - Synthetic sources
• Perfume - Health and ethical issues
• Perfume - Use of Aromatics
• Perfume - Natural Musk
• Perfume - Celebrity Endorsed Perfumes
• Perfume - Reference

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A chainsaw (also spelled chain saw) is a portable mechanical, motorized saw. It is most commonly used in forestry activities such as logging and tree thinning; by tree surgeons to fell trees and remove branches and foliage; and to harvest firewood. Chainsaws with specially designed blades have been developed as tools for use in chainsaw art. Chainsaw - Construction. Chainsaws consist of a small two-stroke gasoline (petrol) internal combustion engine (although smaller versions sometimes use electric m ...

Including:

• Chainsaw - Construction
• Chainsaw - Maintenance
• Chainsaw - Safety
• Chainsaw - Accessories
• Chainsaw - History
• Chainsaw - In culture

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Vegan nutrition encompasses the nutrients vegans require for a balanced diet. It is an important part of a vegan's life, as it is the foundation for determining which foods should be consumed based on their lifestyle choices. Vegan nutrition usually refers to the intake and balance of nutrients throughout a day, and therefore is dually classified under dietary regimes and practices. Vegan nutrition - Balance and regulation. Vegan nutrition, like any Healthy diet, relates closely to the practices of limiting ...

Including:

• Vegan nutrition - Balance and regulation
• Vegan nutrition - Fatty acids
• Vegan nutrition - Iron and iodine
• Vegan nutrition - Protein and amino acids
• Vegan nutrition - Trans-fats
• Vegan nutrition - Vitamins and minerals

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Vanadium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol V and atomic number 23. A rare, soft and ductile element, vanadium is found combined in certain minerals and is used mainly to produce certain alloys. Vanadium - Notable characteristics. Vanadium is a soft and ductile, gray-white metal. It has good resistance to corrosion by alkalis, sulfuric and hydrochloric acid. It oxidizes readily at about 933 K. Vanadium has good structural strength and a low fission neutron cross section, ...

Including:

• Vanadium - Notable characteristics
• Vanadium - Applications
• Vanadium - History
• Vanadium - Biological role
• Vanadium - Occurrence
• Vanadium - Isolation
• Vanadium - Compounds
• Vanadium - Isotopes
• Vanadium - Precautions

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Nutrition is the study of the relationship between diet and states of health and disease. It is defined as the study of food. Absence of adequate nutrients can cause certain diseases to take hold that can potentially result in death. Between the extremes of optimal health and death from starvation or malnutrition, there is an array of disease states that can be caused or alleviated by changes in diet. Deficiencies, excesses and imbalances in the diet can produce negative impacts on health, which may result in diseases such as s ...

Including:

• Nutrition - Overview
• Nutrition - History of nutrition
• Nutrition - Nutrition and health
• Nutrition - Fatty acids
• Nutrition - Sugar
• Nutrition - Intestinal bacterial flora
• Nutrition - Nutrition and sports
• Nutrition - Nutrition and longevity
• Nutrition - Calorie restriction
• Nutrition - The French paradox
• Nutrition - Nutrition, industry and food processing
• Nutrition - Policy advice and guidance on nutrition
• Nutrition - Current issues and challenges

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About 700; see the List of Eucalyptus species Eucalyptus is a diverse genus of trees (rarely shrubs), the members of which dominate the tree flora of Australia. There are almost 600 species of Eucalyptus, mostly native to Australia, with a very small number found in adjacent parts of New Guinea and Indonesia. Eucalypts can be found in almost every part of the continent, adapted to all of Australia's climatic conditions; in fact, no other continent is so characterised by a single genus of tree as Australia is by eu ...

Including:

• Eucalyptus - Overview
• Eucalyptus - Fire
• Eucalyptus - Hazards
• Eucalyptus - Ecologically disruptive as an imported exotic
• Eucalyptus - Cultivation and uses
• Eucalyptus - Photo gallery

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Fire, a form of combustion, is the most spectacular chemical phenomenon. Linguistically, the word fire refers to the combination of the brilliant glow and large amount of heat released during a rapid, self-sustaining burning of combustible fuel. Technically, fire is not a state of matter; it is an exothermic oxidation process by which heat and light energy are given out. Fire starts when a fuel with adequate supply of oxygen or other oxidizer is subjected to enough heat, and it is sustained by the further release of heat energy ...

Including:

• Fire - Controlling fire
• Fire - Fire and religion
• Fire - Fire as a power source
• Fire - Uncontrolled fire
• Fire - Science of fire

Read more here: » Fire: Encyclopedia - Fire

Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by underground mining or open-pit mining (strip mining). It is a readily combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock. It is composed primarily of carbon along with assorted other elements, including sulfur. Often associated with the Industrial Revolution, coal remains an enormously important fuel and is the largest single source of electricity world-wide. In the United States, for example, the burning of coal generates 50% of the electricity consumed. Coal - Etymol ...

Including:

• Coal - Etymology and folklore
• Coal - Composition
• Coal - Creation
• Coal - Types of coal
• Coal - Uses
• Coal - Coal as fuel
• Coal - Coking and use of coke
• Coal - Harmful effects of coal burning
• Coal - Coal fires
• Coal - World coal reserves

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Constipation is a condition of the digestive system where a person (or other animal) experiences hard feces that is difficult to eliminate; it may be extremely painful, and in extreme cases (fecal impaction) lead to symptoms of bowel obstruction. Causes may be dietary, hormonal and anatomical. Treatment is with a change in dietary habits, laxatives, fiber therapy, enemas, and rarely surgery. Constipation - Signs and symptoms. In common constipation, the stool is hard and difficult to void. Straining ...

Including:

• Constipation - Signs and symptoms
• Constipation - Diagnosis
• Constipation - Causes
• Constipation - Treatment
• Constipation - In art

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Gasoline is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting primarily of hydrocarbons, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. Gasoline - Chemical analysis and production. Gasoline is produced in oil refineries. These days, material that is simply separated from crude oil via distillation, called natural gasoline, will not meet the required specifications (in particular octane rating; see below) for modern engines, but these streams will form part of the blend. The bulk of a typical gasoline consi ...

Including:

• Gasoline - Chemical analysis and production
• Gasoline - Volatility
• Gasoline - Octane rating
• Gasoline - Dangers
• Gasoline - Energy content
• Gasoline - Additives
• Gasoline - Lead
• Gasoline - MMT
• Gasoline - Oxygenate blending
• Gasoline - History
• Gasoline - Pharmaceutical
• Gasoline - Etymology
• Gasoline - World War II and octane
• Gasoline - Current use
• Gasoline - Stability

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The Autons are an artificial life form from the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, and adversaries of the Doctor. First appearing in Jon Pertwee's first serial as the Doctor, Spearhead from Space in 1970, they were the first monsters on the show to be presented in colour. Autons are essentially life sized plastic dummies, animated by the Nestene Consciousness, an extraterrestrial, disembodied gestalt intelligence which first arrived on Earth in hollow plastic meteorites. The name comes from "Auto Plastics", the company that was infiltrated by the Nestenes and subsequently manufact ...

Including:

• Auton - History
• Auton - Other appearances
• Auton - Appearances

Read more here: » Auton: Encyclopedia - Auton

Anaphylaxis is a severe and rapid systemic allergic reaction to a trigger substance, called an allergen. Minute amounts of trigger substances may cause a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction. Anaphylaxis may occur after ingestion, inhalation, skin contact or injection of a trigger substance. The most severe type of anaphylaxis - anaphylactic shock - will usually result in death in mere minutes if untreated. The word is from New Latin (derived from Greek ἀνα-/ana, meaning "up, again, back, against") + φύλ� ...

Including:

• Anaphylaxis - Immediate action
• Anaphylaxis - Symptoms
• Anaphylaxis - Causes
• Anaphylaxis - Treatment
• Anaphylaxis - Reference

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Carbon is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol C and atomic number 6. An abundant nonmetallic, tetravalent element, carbon has several allotropic forms: Diamond (hardest known natural mineral). Structure: each atom is bonded tetrahedrally to four others, making a 3-dimensional network of puckered six-membered rings of atoms. Graphite (one of the softest substances). Structure: each atom is bonded trigonally to three other atoms, making a 2-dimensional network of flat s ...

Including:

• Carbon - Notable characteristics
• Carbon - Applications
• Carbon - Other uses
• Carbon - History and Etymology
• Carbon - Allotropes
• Carbon - Occurrence
• Carbon - Organic compounds
• Carbon - Carbon chains
• Carbon - Carbon cycle
• Carbon - Isotopes
• Carbon - Precautions

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This article is about the chemical element. For the article about Phosphorus meaning "morning star", go to Phosphorus (morning star). Phosphorus, (from the Greek language phôs meaning "light", and phoros meaning "bearer"), is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol P and atomic number 15. A multivalent nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus is commonly found in inorganic phosphate rocks and in all living cells. Due to its high reactivity, it is never found as a free elemen ...

Including:

• Phosphorus - Notable characteristics
• Phosphorus - Forms
• Phosphorus - Applications
• Phosphorus - Biological role
• Phosphorus - History
• Phosphorus - Occurrence
• Phosphorus - Precautions
• Phosphorus - Isotopes
• Phosphorus - Spelling
• Phosphorus - Compounds

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Conjunctivitis (commonly called "pinkeye") is an inflammation of the conjunctiva (the outermost layer of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids), often due to infection. There are three common varieties of conjunctivitis, viral, allergic, and bacterial. Other causes of conjunctivitis include thermal and ultraviolet burns, chemicals, toxins, overuse of contact lenses, foreign bodies, vitamin deficiency, dry eye, dryness due to inadequate lid closure, exposure to chickens infected with Newcastle disease, epithelial dysplasia (pre-cancerous changes), and ...

Including:

• Conjunctivitis - Epidemiology
• Conjunctivitis - Diagnosis
• Conjunctivitis - Symptoms
• Conjunctivitis - Signs
• Conjunctivitis - Differential diagnosis
• Conjunctivitis - Investigations
• Conjunctivitis - Treatment and management

Read more here: » Conjunctivitis: Encyclopedia - Conjunctivitis