A covert listening device, more commonly known as a bug, is usually a combination of a miniature radio transmitter with a microphone. The use of bugs, called bugging, is a common technique in espionage and, increasingly, in police investigations. Most bugs use a radio transmitter, but there are many other options for carrying a signal: radio frequencies may be sent through the main wiring of a building and picked up outside; transmissions from a cordless phone can be monitored; and it is possible to pick up the data from poorly configured wireless computer net ...

Including:

• Covert listening device - Bugging devices in EU headquarters

Read more here: » Covert listening device: Encyclopedia - Covert listening device

1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. 1951 - Events. January 9 - United Nations headquarters officially opens (New York City). January 15 - Ilse Koch, The "Witch of Buchenwald," wife of the Commandant of the Buchenwald concentration camp, is sentenced to life imprisonment in a court in West Germany. January 17 - Korean War: Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul. January 20 - Avalanches in the Alps - 240 die and 45.000 are ...

Including:

• 1951 - Events
• 1951 - February
• 1951 - March
• 1951 - April
• 1951 - May
• 1951 - June
• 1951 - July-August
• 1951 - September
• 1951 - October
• 1951 - November
• 1951 - December
• 1951 - Undated
• 1951 - Births
• 1951 - January
• 1951 - February
• 1951 - March
• 1951 - April
• 1951 - May
• 1951 - June
• 1951 - July
• 1951 - August
• 1951 - September
• 1951 - October
• 1951 - November
• 1951 - December
• 1951 - Deaths
• 1951 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1951: Encyclopedia - 1951

1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). 1950 - Events. January 5 - U.S. Senator Estes Kefauver introduces a resolution calling for examination of organized crime in the U.S. January 6 - The United Kingdom recognizes the People's Republic of China. The Republic of China severs diplomatic relations with Britain in response. January 9 - The Israeli government recognizes the People's Republic of China. January 11 - Huk gu ...

Including:

• 1950 - Events
• 1950 - February
• 1950 - March
• 1950 - April
• 1950 - May
• 1950 - June
• 1950 - July
• 1950 - August
• 1950 - September
• 1950 - October
• 1950 - November
• 1950 - December
• 1950 - Unknown date
• 1950 - Births
• 1950 - January
• 1950 - February
• 1950 - March
• 1950 - April
• 1950 - May
• 1950 - June
• 1950 - July
• 1950 - August
• 1950 - September
• 1950 - October
• 1950 - November
• 1950 - December
• 1950 - Unknown date
• 1950 - Deaths
• 1950 - January
• 1950 - February
• 1950 - March
• 1950 - April
• 1950 - May
• 1950 - July
• 1950 - August
• 1950 - September
• 1950 - October
• 1950 - November
• 1950 - December
• 1950 - Date unknown
• 1950 - Nobel Prizes
• 1950 - Fields Medalists

Read more here: » 1950: Encyclopedia - 1950

1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). 1927 - Events. January 1 - Cristero War erupts in Mexico when pro-Church rebels attack secular-minded government January 7 - First transatlantic telephone call - New York City to London January 9 - Military rebellion crushed in Lisbon January 14 - Paul Doumer elected president of France January 19 - Britain sends troops to China Including:

• 1927 - Events
• 1927 - April-June
• 1927 - July-September
• 1927 - October-December
• 1927 - Unknown dates
• 1927 - Births
• 1927 - January
• 1927 - February
• 1927 - March
• 1927 - April
• 1927 - May-June
• 1927 - July-August
• 1927 - September-November
• 1927 - December
• 1927 - Deaths
• 1927 - Marriages
• 1927 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1927: Encyclopedia - 1927

The Cold War is usually considered to have occurred approximately from the end of the strained alliance between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during World War II until the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Korean War; the Hungarian Revolution; the Bay of Pigs Invasion and Cuban Missile Crisis; the Vietnam War; the Afghan War; and U.S.-backed military coups against governments in Iran (1953), Guatemala (1954), and civil wars in countries such as Angola, El Salvador, and Nicaragua were some of the occasions when the tension related to t ...

See also:

Cold War, Cold War - Historical overview, Cold War - Arms race, Cold War - Historiography, Cold War - Significant documents

Read more here: » Cold War: Encyclopedia II - Cold War - Historical overview

Yellow Claw was an espionage comic book of the 1950s that featured art by industry legends Jack Kirby and Joe Maneely, and introduced characters used a decade later by writer-artist Jim Steranko in his landmark Marvel Comics feature "Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.". Created by EC Comics great Al Feldstein and artist Maneely for Atlas Comics, the 1950s predecessor of Marvel, the four-issue (Oct. 1956 - April 1957) series chronicled the adventures of a Chinese-American FBI agent, Jimmy Woo, and his battles against a "yel ...

Including:

• Yellow Claw - Reprints

Read more here: » Yellow Claw: Encyclopedia - Yellow Claw

For the number 1960, see 1960 (number). 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). 1960 - Events. 1960 - January. January - State of emergency is lifted in Kenya - Mau Mau Rebellion is officially over January 1 - Independence of Cameroon January 9-11 - Aswan High Dam construction begins in Egypt January 14 - Reserve bank and Commonwealth Bank are created January 21 ...

Including:

• 1960 - Events
• 1960 - January
• 1960 - February
• 1960 - March
• 1960 - April
• 1960 - May
• 1960 - June
• 1960 - July
• 1960 - August
• 1960 - September
• 1960 - October
• 1960 - November
• 1960 - December
• 1960 - Births
• 1960 - January
• 1960 - February
• 1960 - March
• 1960 - April
• 1960 - May
• 1960 - June
• 1960 - July
• 1960 - August
• 1960 - September
• 1960 - October
• 1960 - November
• 1960 - December
• 1960 - Deaths
• 1960 - January
• 1960 - February
• 1960 - March
• 1960 - April
• 1960 - May
• 1960 - June
• 1960 - July
• 1960 - August
• 1960 - September
• 1960 - November
• 1960 - December
• 1960 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1960: Encyclopedia - 1960

Blackmail is the crime of threatening to reveal substantially true information about a person to the public, a family member, or associates unless a demand made upon the victim is met. This information is usually of an embarrassing or socially damaging nature. As the information is substantially true, the act of revealing the information may not be criminal in its own right nor amount to a civil law defamation; the crime is making demands to withhold it. Blackmail is similar to extortion -- the difference being that extortion involves an underlying, ind ...

Including:

• Blackmail - English law
• Blackmail - Lawful means

Read more here: » Blackmail: Encyclopedia - Blackmail

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar
Including:

• Jihad - The Philosophy of Jihad
• Jihad - Classification of Jihad
• Jihad - General theological issues
• Jihad - Greater and lesser jihad
• Jihad - Eschatology
• Jihad - Historical Muslim views on Jihad
• Jihad - Jihad as warfare

Read more here: » Jihad: Encyclopedia - Jihad

C (lowercase c) is the third letter of the Roman alphabet. Its name in English is cee. In the Etruscan language, plosive consonants had no contrastive voicing, so the Greek Γ (Gamma) was used to represent /k/. In the beginning, the Romans used C for both /k/ and /g/, only later adding a horizontal bar at right-center to produce G. It is possible but uncertain that C represented only /g/ at an even earlier time, while K might have been used for /k/. Some scholars claim that the Semitic ג (gîmel) pictured a camel, but most assume it was probably < ...

Including:

• C - Phonetic use
• C - Alternative representations
• C - Computing
• C - Meanings for C

Read more here: » C: Encyclopedia - C

The Cold War was the open yet restricted struggle that developed after World War II between the United States, the Soviet Union, and each of their respective allies. The struggle was named the Cold War because it did not actually lead to direct armed conflict between the superpowers (a "hot" war) on a wide scale. The Cold War was waged by means of economic pressure, selective aid, intimidation, diplomatic maneuvering, propaganda, assassination, low-intensity military operations and full-scale proxy war from 1947 until the colla ...

Including:

• Cold War - Historical overview
• Cold War - Arms race
• Cold War - Historiography
• Cold War - Significant documents

Read more here: » Cold War: Encyclopedia - Cold War

Wolverine, from a cover of New Avengers #3. Art by Oliver Coipel Wolverine (Logan, born James Howlett) is a fictional character, a Marvel Comics superhero and member of the X-Men. The character first appeared on the last page of Incredible Hulk #180 (October, 1974) with a full introduction in the following issue, Hulk #181 (November, 1974). In the 1980s and 1990s, he rose from relative obscurity to become a household name; he may be Marve ...

Including:

• Wolverine comics - Publication history
• Wolverine comics - Character history
• Wolverine comics - Early life
• Wolverine comics - First appearence
• Wolverine comics - Skrull impostor
• Wolverine comics - House of M Aftermath
• Wolverine comics - Wolverine: Origins
• Wolverine comics - Costumes
• Wolverine comics - Other versions of Wolverine
• Wolverine comics - Age of Apocalypse
• Wolverine comics - Ultimate Wolverine
• Wolverine comics - Earth X
• Wolverine comics - Other comic series
• Wolverine comics - Powers and abilities
• Wolverine comics - Skills and personality
• Wolverine comics - Wolverine in other media
• Wolverine comics - Notes
• Wolverine comics - Awards

Read more here: » Wolverine comics: Encyclopedia - Wolverine comics

Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, "hidden", and analýein, "to loosen" or "to untie") is the study of methods for obtaining the meaning of encrypted information, without access to the secret information which is normally required to do so. Typically, this involves finding the secret key. In non-technical language, this is the practice of codebreaking or cracking the code, although these phrases a ...

Including:

• Cryptanalysis - History of cryptanalysis
• Cryptanalysis - Classical cryptanalysis
• Cryptanalysis - Modern cryptanalysis
• Cryptanalysis - The results of cryptanalysis
• Cryptanalysis - Characterising attacks
• Cryptanalysis - Prior knowledge: scenarios for cryptanalysis
• Cryptanalysis - Classifying success in cryptanalysis
• Cryptanalysis - Complexity
• Cryptanalysis - Cryptanalysis of asymmetric cryptography
• Cryptanalysis - Quantum computing applications for cryptanalysis
• Cryptanalysis - Methods of cryptanalysis

Read more here: » Cryptanalysis: Encyclopedia - Cryptanalysis

Carleton Stevens Coon, (23 June 1904 – 3 June 1981) was an American physical anthropologist best remembered for his books on race, often cited as definitive examples of "scientific racism", and the academic scandal that followed him later on in life. Carleton S. Coon - Biography. Carleton Coon was born in Wakefield, Massachusetts to an established Yankee family. He developed an interest in prehistory, and attended Phillips Academy, Andover where he studied hieroglyphics and also developed an excellent pro ...

Including:

• Carleton S. Coon - Biography
• Carleton S. Coon - Legacy
• Carleton S. Coon - Works by Carleton S. Coon
• Carleton S. Coon - Quotes
• Carleton S. Coon - Further reading and sources

Read more here: » Carleton S. Coon: Encyclopedia - Carleton S. Coon

The Black Dragon Society (黒竜会, kokuryūkai?) was a prominent paramilitary, ultra-nationalist right-wing group in Japan. Its name is derived from the Amur River, cal ...

Including:

• Black Dragon Society - External references

Read more here: » Black Dragon Society: Encyclopedia - Black Dragon Society

* 7 inmates are on death row in more than one state, making total lower than sum of state numbers. Capital punishment in the United States is officially sanctioned by 36 of the 50 states, as well as by the federal government. The overwhelming majority of executions are performed by the states; the federal government maintains the right to use capital punishment (also known as the death penalty) but does so relatively infrequently. Each state practicing capital punishment h ...

Including:

• Capital punishment in the United States - History
• Capital punishment in the United States - Crimes subject to death penalty
• Capital punishment in the United States - Methods
• Capital punishment in the United States - Ages of condemned prisoners
• Capital punishment in the United States - Distribution of sentences
• Capital punishment in the United States - Suicide on death row
• Capital punishment in the United States - Controversy over use of death penalty
• Capital punishment in the United States - Moratoriums

Read more here: » Capital punishment in the United States: Encyclopedia - Capital punishment in the United States

A code name or cryptonym is a word or name used clandestinely to refer to another name or word. Codenames are often used for military purposes, or in espionage. They are also used in business, for example as the names of confidential projects. There is a common but not universal convention of writing codenames in upper case. Code name - Proliferation of code names in WWII. In the Second World War, there was a series of code names common to the Allies referring to nations, cities, geographical ...

Including:

• Code name - Proliferation of code names in WWII
• Code name - German code names
• Code name - Ironic code names of other powers
• Code name - Aircraft recognition reporting names
• Code name - Tank code names
• Code name - Churchill on Code Names for Military Operations
• Code name - Military Operations since Churchill
• Code name - Famous military and espionage code names
• Code name - Commercial code names in the computer industry

Read more here: » Code name: Encyclopedia - Code name

American Enterprise (test) Pathfinder (mockup) Columbia (destroyed 2003) Challenger (destroyed 1986) Discovery (active) Atlantis (active) Endeavour (active) Explorer (mockup) Soviet/ Russian Buran (retired, destroyed 2002) Ptichka (unfinished) 2.01 (unfinished) 2.02 (dismantled) 2. ...

Including:

• Shuttle Buran - Key differences with the NASA Space Shuttle
• Shuttle Buran - Development
• Shuttle Buran - First flight
• Shuttle Buran - Aftermath
• Shuttle Buran - Buran in science fiction
• Shuttle Buran - Russian space
• Shuttle Buran - Space

Read more here: » Shuttle Buran: Encyclopedia - Shuttle Buran

In law, treason is the crime of disloyalty to one's nation. A person who betrays the nation of their citizenship and/or reneges on an oath of loyalty and in some way willfully cooperates with an enemy, is considered to be a traitor. Oran's Dictionary of the Law (1983) defines treason as: "...[a]...citizen's actions to help a foreign government overthrow, make war against, or seriously injure the [parent nation]." It is also generally consider ...

Including:

• Treason - United Kingdom
• Treason - History
• Treason - United States
• Treason - List of convicted or accused traitors by country

Read more here: » Treason: Encyclopedia - Treason

April 5 is the 95th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (96th in leap years). There are 270 days remaining. April 5 - Events. 33 - (traditional date) Resurrection of Jesus, according to the Christian gospels. (date est. by Sir Isaac Newton) 1242 - During a battle on the ice of Chudskoye Lake, Russian forces rebuff an invasion attempt by the Teutonic Knights. 1614 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe. < ...

Including:

• April 5 - Events
• April 5 - Births
• April 5 - Deaths
• April 5 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » April 5: Encyclopedia - April 5