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Eshmun | A Wisdom Archive on Eshmun | | Eshmun A selection of articles related to Eshmun | |
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eshmun, Eshmun
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ARTICLES RELATED TO Eshmun | |
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| | |  Eshmun: Encyclopedia II - Melqart - CultThe historian Herodotus recorded (2.44):
In the wish to get the best information that I could on these matters, I made a voyage to Tyre in Phoenicia, hearing there was a temple of Heracles at that place, very highly venerated. I visited the temple, and found it richly adorned with a number of offerings, among which were two pillars, one of pure gold, the other of smaragdos, shining with great brilliancy at night. In a conversation which I held with the priests, I inquired how long their temple had been built, and found by their ...
See also:Melqart, Melqart - Cult, Melqart - Mythology Read more here: » Melqart: Encyclopedia II - Melqart - Cult |
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| | | | Eshmun: Encyclopedia II - Ancient history of Cyprus - The City-Kingdoms Cyprus gained independence around 669/663. Cemeteries of this period are mainly rock-cut tombs. They have been found, among others, at Tamassos, Soloi, Patriki and Trachonas. The rock-cut 'Royal' tombs at Tamassos, built ca. 600 BC imitate wooden houses. The pillars show Phoenician influence. Some graves contain remains of horses and chariots.
The main deity on the Island was the Great Goddess, Phoenician Astarte, later known under the Greek name of Aphrodite, who was called 'the Cypriote' by Homer. Paphian inscriptions call her the Q ...
See also:Ancient history of Cyprus, Ancient history of Cyprus - Assyrian Period, Ancient history of Cyprus - The City-Kingdoms, Ancient history of Cyprus - Persian period, Ancient history of Cyprus - Hellenistic Period, Ancient history of Cyprus - Roman occupation, Ancient history of Cyprus - Christianization, Ancient history of Cyprus - Literature, Ancient history of Cyprus - Reference Read more here: » Ancient history of Cyprus: Encyclopedia II - Ancient history of Cyprus - The City-Kingdoms |
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| | | | Eshmun: Encyclopedia II - Sidon - History It was one of the most important Phoenician cities, and may have been the oldest. From here, and other ports, a great Mediterranean commercial empire was founded. Homer praised the skill of its craftsmen in producing glass and purple dyes. It was also from here that a colonising party went to found the city of Tyre.
In 1855, the sarcophagus of King Eshmun’azar II was discovered. From a Phoenician inscription on its lid, it appears that he was a "king of the Sidonians," probably in the 5th century BCE, and that his mother was a pries ...
See also:Sidon, Sidon - History, Sidon - Sidon today, Sidon - Biblical Sidon Read more here: » Sidon: Encyclopedia II - Sidon - History |
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| | | | Eshmun: Encyclopedia II - El god - Ēl in the Tanakh The Hebrew form (אל) appears in Latin letters in Standard Hebrew transcription as El and in Tiberian Hebrew transcription as ʾĒl.
In the Tanakh ’elōhîm is the normal word for a god or the great god (or gods). But the form ’ēl also appears, mostly in poetic passages and in the partiarchal narratives attributed to the P source according the documentary hypothesis. It occurs 217 times in the Masoretic text: 73 times in the Psalms and 55 times in the Book of Job, and otherwise mostly in po ...
See also:El god, El god - Linguistic forms and meanings, El god - Ēl in the Tanakh, El god - Ēl in Christian theology, El god - Ēl among the Amorites, El god - Ēl in Ugarit and among the Canaanites, El god - Ēl in the greater Levant, El god - Ēl according to Sanchuniathon, El god - Ēl and Poseidon, El god - Ēl in Proto-Sinaitic Phoenician Aramaic and Hittite texts Read more here: » El god: Encyclopedia II - El god - Ēl in the Tanakh |
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| | | | Eshmun: Encyclopedia II - Astarte - General discussion ‘Ashtart was connected with fertility, sexuality, and war. Her symbols were the lion, the horse, the sphinx, the dove, and a star within a circle indicating the planet Venus. Pictorial representations often show her naked.
‘Ashtart was accepted by the Greeks under the name of Aphrodite. The island of Cyprus, one of ‘Ashtart's greatest cult centers, supplied the name Cypris as Aphrodite's most common byname.
Other major centers of ‘Ashtart's worship were Sidon, Tyre, and Byblos. Coins from Sidon portray a chariot in whic ...
See also:Astarte, Astarte - General discussion, Astarte - ‘Ashtart in Ugarit, Astarte - ‘Ashtart in Egypt, Astarte - ‘Ashtart described by Sanchuniathon, Astarte - ‘Ashtart in Judea, Astarte - Other associations Read more here: » Astarte: Encyclopedia II - Astarte - General discussion |
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| | | | Eshmun: Encyclopedia II - El god - Ēl in Proto-Sinaitic, Phoenician, Aramaic, and Hittite texts A proto-Sinaitic mine inscription from Mount Sinai reads ’ld‘lm understood to be vocalized as ’il dū ‘ôlmi, 'Ēl Eternal' or 'God Eternal'.
The Egyptian god Ptah is given the title dū gitti 'Lord of Gath' in a prism from Lachish which has on its opposite face the name of Amenhotep II (c. 1435–1420 BCE) The title dū gitti is also found in Serābitṭ text 353. Cross (1973, p. 19) points out that Ptah is often called the lord (or one) of eternity and thinks it ...
See also:El god, El god - Linguistic forms and meanings, El god - Ēl in the Tanakh, El god - Ēl in Christian theology, El god - Ēl among the Amorites, El god - Ēl in Ugarit and among the Canaanites, El god - Ēl in the greater Levant, El god - Ēl according to Sanchuniathon, El god - Ēl and Poseidon, El god - Ēl in Proto-Sinaitic, Phoenician, Aramaic, and Hittite texts Read more here: » El god: Encyclopedia II - El god - Ēl in Proto-Sinaitic, Phoenician, Aramaic, and Hittite texts |
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| | | | Eshmun: Encyclopedia II - Astarte - ‘Ashtart in Egypt ‘Ashtart's first appears in Egypt beginning with the 18th Dynasty along with other northwest Semitic deities. She was especially worshipped in her aspect of a war goddess, often paired with the goddess ‘Anat. In the Contest Between Horus and Set, these two goddesses appear as daughters of Re and are given in marriage to the god Set, here identified with the Semitic god Hadad. ‘Ashtart was also identified with the goddess Sekhmet but seemingly more often conflated, at least in part, with Isis to judge from the many images found o ...
See also:Astarte, Astarte - General discussion, Astarte - ‘Ashtart in Ugarit, Astarte - ‘Ashtart in Egypt, Astarte - ‘Ashtart described by Sanchuniathon, Astarte - ‘Ashtart in Judea, Astarte - Other associations Read more here: » Astarte: Encyclopedia II - Astarte - ‘Ashtart in Egypt |
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| | | | Eshmun: Encyclopedia II - Ancient history of Cyprus - Persian period After the Persian defeat, the Greeks mounted various expeditions against Cyprus in order to liberate it from the Persian yoke, but all their efforts bore only temporary results. In 526 BC, the Persians conquered the island. Some years later, the island was incorporated into the 5th Satrapy (Ionia), and East Greek influence can be seen in the Cypriot material culture. The Persians did not interfere in internal affais, the city-kingdoms continued ...
See also:Ancient history of Cyprus, Ancient history of Cyprus - Assyrian Period, Ancient history of Cyprus - The City-Kingdoms, Ancient history of Cyprus - Persian period, Ancient history of Cyprus - Hellenistic Period, Ancient history of Cyprus - Roman occupation, Ancient history of Cyprus - Christianization, Ancient history of Cyprus - Literature, Ancient history of Cyprus - Reference Read more here: » Ancient history of Cyprus: Encyclopedia II - Ancient history of Cyprus - Persian period |
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| | | | Eshmun: Encyclopedia II - Ancient history of Cyprus - Roman occupation Cyprus became a Roman province in 58 BC, according to Strabo because Publius Clodius Pulcher held a grudge against Ptolemy and sent Marcus Cato to conquer the island after he had become tribune. Mark Antony gave the island to Cleopatra VII of Egypt and her sister Arsinoe, but it became a Roman province again after his defeat at the Battle of Actium (31 BC) in 30 BC. From 22 BC it was a senatorial province, after the re ...
See also:Ancient history of Cyprus, Ancient history of Cyprus - Assyrian Period, Ancient history of Cyprus - The City-Kingdoms, Ancient history of Cyprus - Persian period, Ancient history of Cyprus - Hellenistic Period, Ancient history of Cyprus - Roman occupation, Ancient history of Cyprus - Christianization, Ancient history of Cyprus - Literature, Ancient history of Cyprus - Reference Read more here: » Ancient history of Cyprus: Encyclopedia II - Ancient history of Cyprus - Roman occupation |
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| | | | Eshmun: Encyclopedia II - Ancient history of Cyprus - Hellenistic Period During the siege of Tyre, the Cypriot Kings went over to Alexander of Macedon and supported him with ships. In 321 four Cypriot kings sided with Ptolemy I Soter and defended the island against Antigonos.In appreciation, Alexander set them free. This period, however was very brief since the Macedonian King died soon afterwards and Cyprus became a bone of contention among his successors. Ptolemy lost Cyprus to Demetrios Poliorketes in 306 and 294 BC, but after that it remained under Ptolemaic rule till 58 BC. It was ruled by a governor from Eg ...
See also:Ancient history of Cyprus, Ancient history of Cyprus - Assyrian Period, Ancient history of Cyprus - The City-Kingdoms, Ancient history of Cyprus - Persian period, Ancient history of Cyprus - Hellenistic Period, Ancient history of Cyprus - Roman occupation, Ancient history of Cyprus - Christianization, Ancient history of Cyprus - Literature, Ancient history of Cyprus - Reference Read more here: » Ancient history of Cyprus: Encyclopedia II - Ancient history of Cyprus - Hellenistic Period |
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| | | | Eshmun: Encyclopedia II - Ancient history of Cyprus - Christianization Roman Cyprus was visited by Apostles Paul, Barnabas and St Mark who came to the island at the outset of their first missionary journey in 45 AD. After their arrival at Salamis they proceeded to Paphos where they converted the Roman Governor Sergius Paulus to Christianity. In the Acts of the Apostles, St Luke describes vividly how a magician named Bar-Jesus (Elymas) was obstructing the two Apostles in their preaching of the Gospel, so Paul by his word only set him blind for some time. As a result of this, Sergius Paulus believed, being astonished at the doctrine of the Lord. In this way Cyprus became the f ...
See also:Ancient history of Cyprus, Ancient history of Cyprus - Assyrian Period, Ancient history of Cyprus - The City-Kingdoms, Ancient history of Cyprus - Persian period, Ancient history of Cyprus - Hellenistic Period, Ancient history of Cyprus - Roman occupation, Ancient history of Cyprus - Christianization, Ancient history of Cyprus - Literature, Ancient history of Cyprus - Reference Read more here: » Ancient history of Cyprus: Encyclopedia II - Ancient history of Cyprus - Christianization |
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| | | | Eshmun: Encyclopedia II - El god - Ēl and Poseidon A bilingual inscription from Palmyra (KAI. 11, p. 43) dated to the 1st century equates Ēl-Creator-of-the-Earth with the Greek god Poseidon. Going back to the 9th century BCE the bilingual inscription at Karatepe in the Taurus Mountains equates Ēl-Creator-of-the-Earth to Luwian hieroglyphs read as da-a-ś, this being the Luwian form of the name of the Babylonian water god Ea, lord of the abyss of water under the earth. (This inscription lists Ēl in second place in the local pantheon, following Ba‘al S ...
See also:El god, El god - Linguistic forms and meanings, El god - Ēl in the Tanakh, El god - Ēl in Christian theology, El god - Ēl among the Amorites, El god - Ēl in Ugarit and among the Canaanites, El god - Ēl in the greater Levant, El god - Ēl according to Sanchuniathon, El god - Ēl and Poseidon, El god - Ēl in Proto-Sinaitic Phoenician Aramaic and Hittite texts Read more here: » El god: Encyclopedia II - El god - Ēl and Poseidon |
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| | | | Eshmun: Encyclopedia II - El god - Ēl in Ugarit and among the Canaanites For the Canaanites, El or Il was the supreme god, the father of mankind and all creatures. He may have been a desert god at some point as the myths say that he had two wives and built a sanctuary with them and his new children in the desert. El had fathered many gods, but most important were Hadad, Yaw and Mot, each share similar attributes to the Roman-Greco gods: Zeus, Poseidon and Hades respectively.
Three pantheon lists found at Ugarit begin with the four gods ’il-’ib (which according to Cross [1973; p. ...
See also:El god, El god - Linguistic forms and meanings, El god - Ēl in the Tanakh, El god - Ēl in Christian theology, El god - Ēl among the Amorites, El god - Ēl in Ugarit and among the Canaanites, El god - Ēl in the greater Levant, El god - Ēl according to Sanchuniathon, El god - Ēl and Poseidon, El god - Ēl in Proto-Sinaitic Phoenician Aramaic and Hittite texts Read more here: » El god: Encyclopedia II - El god - Ēl in Ugarit and among the Canaanites |
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| | | | Eshmun: Encyclopedia II - El god - Linguistic forms and meanings Cognate forms are found throughout the Semitic languages with the exception of the ancient Ge'ez language of Ethiopia. Forms include Ugaritic ’il, pl. ’lm; Phoenician ’l pl. ’lm, Hebrew ’ēl, pl. ’⁏lîm; Aramaic ’l, Arabic Al; Akkadian ilu, pl. ilāti. The original meaning may have been 'strength, power'. In northwest Semitic usage ’l was both a generic word of any 'god' and the special name or title of a particular god who was distinguished from o ...
See also:El god, El god - Linguistic forms and meanings, El god - Ēl in the Tanakh, El god - Ēl in Christian theology, El god - Ēl among the Amorites, El god - Ēl in Ugarit and among the Canaanites, El god - Ēl in the greater Levant, El god - Ēl according to Sanchuniathon, El god - Ēl and Poseidon, El god - Ēl in Proto-Sinaitic Phoenician Aramaic and Hittite texts Read more here: » El god: Encyclopedia II - El god - Linguistic forms and meanings |
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| | | | Eshmun: Encyclopedia II - El god - Ēl in the greater Levant A proto-Sinaitic mine inscription from Mount Sinai reads ’ld‘lm understood to be vocalized as ’il dū ‘ôlmi, 'Ēl Eternal' or 'God Eternal'.
The Egyptian god Ptah is given the title dū gitti 'Lord of Gath' in a prism from Lachish which has on its opposite face the name of Amenhotep II (c. 1435–1420 BCE) The title dū gitti is also found in Serābitṭ text 353. Cross (1973, p. 19) points out that Ptah is ofen called the lord (or one) of eternity and thinks ...
See also:El god, El god - Linguistic forms and meanings, El god - Ēl in the Tanakh, El god - Ēl in Christian theology, El god - Ēl among the Amorites, El god - Ēl in Ugarit and among the Canaanites, El god - Ēl in the greater Levant, El god - Ēl according to Sanchuniathon, El god - Ēl and Poseidon, El god - Ēl in Proto-Sinaitic Phoenician Aramaic and Hittite texts Read more here: » El god: Encyclopedia II - El god - Ēl in the greater Levant |
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| | | | Eshmun: Encyclopedia II - El god - Ēl according to Sanchuniathon In the euhemeristic account of Sanchuniathon Ēl (rendered Elus or called by his standard Greek counterpart Cronus) is not the creator god or first god. Ēl is rather the son of Sky and Earth. Sky and Earth are themselves children of ‘Elyôn 'Most High'. Ēl is brother to the god Bethel, to Dagon, and to an unknown god equated with the Greek Atlas, and to the goddesses Aphrodite/’Ashtart, Rhea (presumably Asherah, and Dione (equated with Ba’alat Gebal. Ēl is father of Persephone who dies (presumably an otherwise unknown Semitic ...
See also:El god, El god - Linguistic forms and meanings, El god - Ēl in the Tanakh, El god - Ēl in Christian theology, El god - Ēl among the Amorites, El god - Ēl in Ugarit and among the Canaanites, El god - Ēl in the greater Levant, El god - Ēl according to Sanchuniathon, El god - Ēl and Poseidon, El god - Ēl in Proto-Sinaitic Phoenician Aramaic and Hittite texts Read more here: » El god: Encyclopedia II - El god - Ēl according to Sanchuniathon |
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