Epistemology - Justified true belief. In Plato's dialogue the Theaetetus, Socrates considers a number of definitions of knowledge. One of the prominent candidates is justified true belief. We know that, for something to count as knowledge, it must be true, and be believed to be true. Socrates argues that this is insufficient; in addition one must have a reason or justification for that belief. One implication of this definition is that one cannot be said to "know" something just ...

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Epistemology, Epistemology - Definition of knowledge, Epistemology - Justified true belief, Epistemology - The problem of defining knowledge, Epistemology - A priori versus a posteriori knowledge, Epistemology - Knowledge and belief, Epistemology - Distinguishing knowing that from knowing how, Epistemology - Justification, Epistemology - Irrationalism, Epistemology - Rationality, Epistemology - Synthetic and analytic statements, Epistemology - Epistemological theories, Epistemology - Empiricism, Epistemology - Idealism, Epistemology - Phenomenalism, Epistemology - Pragmatism, Epistemology - Rationalism, Epistemology - Representationalism, Epistemology - Relativism, Epistemology - Skepticism, Epistemology - Contemporary approaches, Epistemology - Gettier

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Epistemology, Epistemology - Definition of knowledge, Epistemology - Justified true belief, Epistemology - The problem of defining knowledge, Epistemology - A priori versus a posteriori knowledge, Epistemology - Knowledge and belief, Epistemology - Distinguishing knowing that from knowing how, Epistemology - Justification, Epistemology - Irrationalism, Epistemology - Rationality, Epistemology - Synthetic and analytic statements, Epistemology - Epistemological theories, Epistemology - Empiricism, Epistemology - Idealism, Epistemology - Phenomenalism, Epistemology - Pragmatism, Epistemology - Rationalism, Epistemology - Representationalism, Epistemology - Relativism, Epistemology - Skepticism, Epistemology - Contemporary approaches, Epistemology - Gettier

Read more here: » Epistemology: Encyclopedia II - Epistemology - Epistemological theories

Western philosophers for centuries have distinguished between two kinds of knowledge: a priori and a posteriori knowledge. A priori knowledge is knowledge gained or justified by reason alone, without the direct or indirect influence of any particular experience (here, experience usually means observation of the world through sense perception. See Rationalism, below, for clarification.) A posteriori knowledge is any other sort of knowledge; that is, knowledge the attainment or justification of which requires referenc ...

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Epistemology, Epistemology - Defining knowledge, Epistemology - Justified true belief, Epistemology - Gettier cases and contemporary definitions of knowledge, Epistemology - Contemporary approaches, Epistemology - Defining 'belief' in Epistemology, Epistemology - Distinguishing knowing that from knowing how, Epistemology - A priori versus a posteriori knowledge, Epistemology - Justification, Epistemology - Irrationalism, Epistemology - Rationality, Epistemology - Synthetic and analytic statements, Epistemology - Epistemological theories, Epistemology - Empiricism, Epistemology - Idealism, Epistemology - Phenomenalism, Epistemology - Pragmatism, Epistemology - Rationalism, Epistemology - Representationalism, Epistemology - Relativism, Epistemology - Skepticism

Read more here: » Epistemology: Encyclopedia II - Epistemology - A priori versus a posteriori knowledge

Epistemology, from the Greek words episteme (knowledge) and logos (word/speech) is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature, origin and scope of knowledge. Historically, it has been one of the most investigated and most debated of all philosophical subjects. Much of this debate has focused on analysing the nature and variety of knowledge and how it relates to similar notions such as truth and belief. Much of this discuss ...

Including:

Epistemology - Definition of knowledge
Epistemology - Justified true belief Epistemology - The problem of defining knowledge Epistemology - A priori versus a posteriori knowledge Epistemology - Knowledge and belief Epistemology - Distinguishing knowing that from knowing how
Epistemology - Justification
Epistemology - Irrationalism Epistemology - Rationality Epistemology - Synthetic and analytic statements
Epistemology - Epistemological theories
Epistemology - Empiricism Epistemology - Idealism Epistemology - Phenomenalism Epistemology - Pragmatism Epistemology - Rationalism Epistemology - Representationalism Epistemology - Relativism Epistemology - Skepticism
Epistemology - Contemporary approaches
Epistemology - Gettier

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Epistemology, from the Greek words episteme (knowledge) and logos (word/speech) is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature, origin and scope of knowledge. Historically, it has been one of the most investigated and most debated of all philosophical subjects. Much of this debate has focused on analysing the nature and variety of knowledge and how it relates to similar notions such as truth and belief. Much of this discuss ...

Including:

Epistemology - Definition of knowledge
Epistemology - The problem of defining knowledge Epistemology - A priori versus a posteriori knowledge Epistemology - Knowledge and belief Epistemology - Distinguishing knowing that from knowing how
Epistemology - Justification
Epistemology - Irrationalism Epistemology - Rationality Epistemology - Synthetic and analytic statements
Epistemology - Epistemological theories
Epistemology - Empiricism Epistemology - Idealism Epistemology - Phenomenalism Epistemology - Pragmatism Epistemology - Rationalism Epistemology - Representationalism Epistemology - Relativism Epistemology - Skepticism
Epistemology - Contemporary approaches
Epistemology - Gettier

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Epistemology - Justified true belief. In Plato's dialogue the Theaetetus, Socrates considers a number of definitions of knowledge. One of the prominent candidates is justified true belief. We know that, for something to count as knowledge, it must be true, and be believed to be true (see section on defining belief in Epistemology, below). Socrates argues that this is insufficient; in addition one must have a ...

See also:

Epistemology, Epistemology - Defining knowledge, Epistemology - Justified true belief, Epistemology - Gettier cases and contemporary definitions of knowledge, Epistemology - Contemporary approaches, Epistemology - Defining 'belief' in Epistemology, Epistemology - Distinguishing knowing that from knowing how, Epistemology - A priori versus a posteriori knowledge, Epistemology - Justification, Epistemology - Irrationalism, Epistemology - Rationality, Epistemology - Synthetic and analytic statements, Epistemology - Epistemological theories, Epistemology - Empiricism, Epistemology - Idealism, Epistemology - Phenomenalism, Epistemology - Pragmatism, Epistemology - Rationalism, Epistemology - Representationalism, Epistemology - Relativism, Epistemology - Skepticism

Read more here: » Epistemology: Encyclopedia II - Epistemology - Defining knowledge

It is common for epistemological theories to avoid skepticism by adopting a foundationalist approach. To do this, they argue that certain types of statements have a special epistemological status — that of not needing to be justified. So it is possible to classify epistemological theories according to the type of statement that each argues has this special status. Epistemology - Empiricism. Empiricists claim knowledge is a product of human experience. Statements of observations take pride of place in emp ...

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Epistemology, Epistemology - Defining knowledge, Epistemology - Justified true belief, Epistemology - Gettier cases and contemporary definitions of knowledge, Epistemology - Contemporary approaches, Epistemology - Defining 'belief' in Epistemology, Epistemology - Distinguishing knowing that from knowing how, Epistemology - A priori versus a posteriori knowledge, Epistemology - Justification, Epistemology - Irrationalism, Epistemology - Rationality, Epistemology - Synthetic and analytic statements, Epistemology - Epistemological theories, Epistemology - Empiricism, Epistemology - Idealism, Epistemology - Phenomenalism, Epistemology - Pragmatism, Epistemology - Rationalism, Epistemology - Representationalism, Epistemology - Relativism, Epistemology - Skepticism

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Knowledge is present moment awareness. In other words, on a practical level knowledge is whatever we are aware of right now. This explains the commonly used phrase 'knowledge is power', because we can only act upon what we know, and these actions can only take place in the present moment. While an action may take place in the future, its result is not entirely predictable; therefore, we cannot ...

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Knowledge - Defining knowledge Knowledge - Knowledge management Knowledge - Situated knowledge Knowledge - Sociology of knowledge Knowledge - Other definitions

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Understanding is a psychological process related to an abstract or physical object, such as, person,situation and message whereby one is able to think about it and use concepts to deal adequately with that object. Understanding - Examples. A person understands the weather if he/she is able to predict and to give an explanation of some of its features. A psychiatrist understands another person if he knows his anxieties and their causes and can give him useful advice on how to minimise the anxi ...

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Understanding - Examples Understanding - Is understanding definable? Understanding - Another definition

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When someone sincerely agrees with an assertion, they are claiming that it is the truth. Epistemology, the study of knowledge, seeks solutions for the many philosophical problems associated with truth. The first problem for philosophers is deciding what sorts of things are true or false, the so-called truth-bearers. At stake is the terminology we use to discuss truth. Then there are a range of theories about what makes these truth-bearers true. Some, the robust theories, treat truth as a property; others, the d ...

Including:

Truth - Bearers of truth Truth - Theories about truth
Truth - Robust theories Truth - Deflationary theories Truth - Formal definitions
Truth - Types of truth
Truth - Subjective versus objective Truth - Relative versus absolute
Truth - Other uses of Truth
Truth - Double truth Truth - True testimony Truth - Truth in logic Truth - Major philosophers who have proposed theories of truth

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Much of epistemology has been concerned with seeking ways to justify beliefs. Epistemology - Irrationalism. Some approaches to justifying beliefs are not rational — that is, they reject the notion that justification must obey logic or reason. Nihilism started out as a materialistic political philosophy, but is sometimes redefined as the apparently absurd doctrine that there can be no justification for any claim — absurd because the doctrine imp ...

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Epistemology, Epistemology - Defining knowledge, Epistemology - Justified true belief, Epistemology - Gettier cases and contemporary definitions of knowledge, Epistemology - Contemporary approaches, Epistemology - Defining 'belief' in Epistemology, Epistemology - Distinguishing knowing that from knowing how, Epistemology - A priori versus a posteriori knowledge, Epistemology - Justification, Epistemology - Irrationalism, Epistemology - Rationality, Epistemology - Synthetic and analytic statements, Epistemology - Epistemological theories, Epistemology - Empiricism, Epistemology - Idealism, Epistemology - Phenomenalism, Epistemology - Pragmatism, Epistemology - Rationalism, Epistemology - Representationalism, Epistemology - Relativism, Epistemology - Skepticism

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Main articles: Sociology of knowledge and Sociology of scientific knowledge Aspects of knowledge exhibit a social character. For instance, knowledge is a form of social capital. Sociology of knowledge examines the way in which Society and knowledge interact. Through experience, observation, and inference, individuals and cultures gain knowledge. The spread of this knowledge is examined by diffusion. Diffusion of innovations theory explores the factors that lead people to become aware, try, and adopt new ideas and practices - ...

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Knowledge, Knowledge - Defining knowledge, Knowledge - Knowledge management, Knowledge - Situated knowledge, Knowledge - Sociology of knowledge, Knowledge - Other definitions

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Situated knowledge is knowledge specific to a particular situation. Imagine two very similar breeds of mushroom, which grow on either side of a mountain, one nutritious, one poisonous. Relying on knowledge from one side of an ecological boundary, after crossing to the other, may lead to starving rather than eating perfectly healthy food near at hand, or to poisoning oneself by mistake. Some methods of generating knowledge, such as trial and error, or learning from experience, tend to create highly situational knowledge. One of the main benefits of the scientific method is that the theories it generates are much less sit ...

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Knowledge, Knowledge - Defining knowledge, Knowledge - Knowledge management, Knowledge - Situated knowledge, Knowledge - Sociology of knowledge, Knowledge - Other definitions

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Knowledge is "information combined with experience, context, interpretation, and reflection. It is a high-value form of information that is ready to apply to decisions and actions." T. Davenport et al., 1998 "Explicit or codified knowledge refers to knowledge that is transmittable in formal, systematic language. On the other hand, tacit knowledge has a personal quality, which makes it hard ...

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Knowledge, Knowledge - Defining knowledge, Knowledge - Knowledge management, Knowledge - Situated knowledge, Knowledge - Sociology of knowledge, Knowledge - Other definitions

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While knowledge is a central part of daily life, the actual definition of knowledge is of great interest to philosophers, social scientists, and historians. Knowledge, according to most thinkers, must follow three defining criteria. It must be justified, true, and believed. Meeting these qualifications may be difficult or impossible. It is also common to weigh knowledge in how it can be applied or used. In this sense, knowledge consists of information augmented by intentionality (or direction). This model aligns with the DI ...

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Knowledge, Knowledge - Defining knowledge, Knowledge - Knowledge management, Knowledge - Situated knowledge, Knowledge - Sociology of knowledge, Knowledge - Other definitions

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Aspects of knowledge exhibit a social character. For instance, knowledge is a form of social capital. Sociology of knowledge examines the way in which Society and knowledge interact. Through experience, observation, and inference, individuals and cultures gain knowledge. The spread of this knowledge is examined by diffusion. Diffusion of innovations theory explores the factors that lead people to become aware, try, and adopt new ideas and practices -- this can help to explain development of knowledge. ...

See also:

Knowledge, Knowledge - Defining knowledge, Knowledge - Knowledge management, Knowledge - Situated knowledge, Knowledge - Sociology of knowledge, Knowledge - Other definitions

Read more here: » Knowledge: Encyclopedia II - Knowledge - Sociology of knowledge

Knowledge is "information combined with experience, context, interpretation, and reflection. It is a high-valueform of information that is ready to apply to decisions and actions." T. Davenport et al., 1998 "Explicit or codified knowledge refers to knowledge that is transmittable in formal, systematic language. On the other hand, tacit knowledge has a personal quality, which makes it hard ...

See also:

Knowledge, Knowledge - Defining knowledge, Knowledge - Knowledge management, Knowledge - Situated knowledge, Knowledge - Sociology of knowledge, Knowledge - Other definitions

Read more here: » Knowledge: Encyclopedia II - Knowledge - Other definitions

It is difficult to define understanding. If we use the term concept as above, the question then arises as to what is a concept? Is it an abstract thing? Is it a brain pattern or a rule? Whatever definition is proposed, we can still ask how it is that we understand the thing that is featured in the definition: we can never satisfactorily define a concept, still less use it to explain understanding. It is more convenient to use an operational or behavioural definition, we can say that somebody who reacts appropriately t ...

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Understanding, Understanding - Examples, Understanding - Is understanding definable?, Understanding - Another definition

Read more here: » Understanding: Encyclopedia II - Understanding - Is understanding definable?

Knowledge is often defined as justified true belief, in that the belief must be considered to correspond to reality and must be derived from valid evidence and arguments. However, this definition has been challenged by the Gettier problem which suggests that justified true belief does not provide a complete picture of knowledge. Belief can be understood as a state of mind in the process of increasing understanding that sometimes called deduction. As people develop structures of understandings from their observed or learned fact ...

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Belief, Belief - Belief knowledge and epistemology, Belief - Belief as a psychological theory, Belief - Is belief voluntary?, Belief - Delusional beliefs

Read more here: » Belief: Encyclopedia II - Belief - Belief knowledge and epistemology

Knowledge is often defined as justified true belief, in that the belief must be considered to correspond to reality and must be derived from valid evidence and arguments. However, this definition has been challenged by the Gettier problem which suggests that justified true belief does not provide a complete picture of knowledge. Belief can be understood as a state of mind in the process of increasing understanding that sometimes called deduction. As people develop structures of understandings from their observed or learned fact ...

See also:

Belief, Belief - Belief, knowledge and epistemology, Belief - Belief as a psychological theory, Belief - Is belief voluntary?, Belief - Delusional beliefs

Read more here: » Belief: Encyclopedia II - Belief - Belief, knowledge and epistemology