This article is about epilepsy in humans. For information on epilepsy in other animals, see Epilepsy (Animals). Epilepsy (often referred to as a seizure disorder) is a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. The condition is named from the Greek epilepsis ("a taking hold of or seizing"). It is commonly controlled with medication, although surgical methods are used as well. Epilepsy - Causes. All the causes (or etiologies) of epilepsy are not ...

Including:

• Epilepsy - Causes
• Epilepsy - Diagnosis
• Epilepsy - Types of seizure
• Epilepsy - Seizure syndromes
• Epilepsy - Treatment
• Epilepsy - Responding to a seizure
• Epilepsy - Pharmacologic treatment
• Epilepsy - Surgical Treatment
• Epilepsy - Other Treatment
• Epilepsy - History and Stigma
• Epilepsy - Legal implications
• Epilepsy - Important investigators of epilepsy

Read more here: » Epilepsy: Encyclopedia - Epilepsy

See also:

Epilepsy Animals, Epilepsy Animals - Canine Epilepsy, Epilepsy Animals - Treatment, Epilepsy Animals - Feline Epilepsy, Epilepsy Animals - Support Organisations

Read more here: » Epilepsy Animals: Encyclopedia II - Epilepsy Animals - Canine Epilepsy

In the past, epilepsy was associated with religious experiences and even demonic possession. Apocryphally, epilepsy has been called the "Sacred Disease" because people thought that epileptic seizures were a form of attack by demons, or that the visions experienced by persons with epilepsy were sent by the gods. However, in many cultures, persons with epilepsy have been stigmatized, shunned, or even imprisoned; in the Salpêtrière, the birthplace of modern neurology, Jean-Martin Charcot found people with epilepsy side-by-side with the ...

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Epilepsy, Epilepsy - Causes, Epilepsy - Diagnosis, Epilepsy - Types of seizure, Epilepsy - Seizure syndromes, Epilepsy - Treatment, Epilepsy - Responding to a seizure, Epilepsy - Pharmacologic treatment, Epilepsy - Surgical Treatment, Epilepsy - Other Treatment, Epilepsy - History and Stigma, Epilepsy - Legal implications, Epilepsy - Important investigators of epilepsy

Read more here: » Epilepsy: Encyclopedia II - Epilepsy - History and Stigma

Epilepsy is usually treated with medication prescribed by a physician; primary caregivers, neurologists, and neurosurgeons all frequently care for people with epilepsy. In some cases the implantation of a stimulator of the vagus nerve, or a special diet can be helpful. Neurosurgical operations for epilepsy can be palliative, reducing the frequency or severity of seizures; or, in some patients, an operation can be curative. Epil ...

See also:

Epilepsy, Epilepsy - Causes, Epilepsy - Diagnosis, Epilepsy - Types of seizure, Epilepsy - Seizure syndromes, Epilepsy - Treatment, Epilepsy - Responding to a seizure, Epilepsy - Pharmacologic treatment, Epilepsy - Surgical Treatment, Epilepsy - Other Treatment, Epilepsy - History and Stigma, Epilepsy - Legal implications, Epilepsy - Important investigators of epilepsy

Read more here: » Epilepsy: Encyclopedia II - Epilepsy - Treatment

Epilepsy is usually treated with medication prescribed by a physician; primary caregivers, neurologists, and neurosurgeons all frequently care for people with epilepsy. In some cases the implantation of a stimulator of the vagus nerve, or a special diet can be helpful. Neurosurgical operations for epilepsy can be palliative, reducing the frequency or severity of seizures; or, in some patients, an operation can be curative. Epil ...

See also:

Epilepsy, Epilepsy - Diagnosis, Epilepsy - Causes, Epilepsy - Normal provocants, Epilepsy - Types of seizure, Epilepsy - Seizure syndromes, Epilepsy - Treatment, Epilepsy - Responding to a seizure, Epilepsy - Pharmacologic treatment, Epilepsy - Surgical Treatment, Epilepsy - Other Treatment, Epilepsy - History and Stigma, Epilepsy - Legal implications, Epilepsy - Important investigators of epilepsy, Epilepsy - Notes and references

Read more here: » Epilepsy: Encyclopedia II - Epilepsy - Treatment

Brain damage or brain injury is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. Brain damage may occur due to a wide range of conditions, illnesses, or injuries. Possible causes of widespread (diffuse) brain damage include prolonged hypoxia (shortage of oxygen), poisoning, infection, and neurological illness. Common causes of focal or localized brain damage are physical trauma (traumatic brain injury), stroke, aneurysm, or neurological illness. The extent and effect of brain injury is often assessed by the use of neurological examinatio ...

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Brain pacemaker is a medical device which sends electric impulses into brain. Brain pacemakers are implanted into human body for treating epilepsy, Parkinson disease and other diseases. Depending on where the impulses are sent, the treatment is called deep brain stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation etc. Other related archivesParkinson disease, deep brain stimulation, epilepsy, vagus nerve stimulation

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In medicine, there are many kinds of generalized seizures. In absence seizures, the person may appear to be staring into space and/or have jerking or twitching muscles. These seizures are sometimes referred to as petit mal seizures, which is an older term. These periods last for seconds, or even tens of seconds. They sometimes move from one location to another without any purpose. Note that not all seizures are caused by epilepsy, a ...

Read more here: » Absence seizure: Encyclopedia - Absence seizure

A lesion is a non-specific term referring to abnormal tissue in the body. It can be caused by any disease process including trauma (physical, chemical, electrical), infection, neoplasm, metabolic and autoimmune. Not all lesions require treatment. Lesions can also be inflicted intentionally during surgery, for example to specific regions of the brain to treat epilepsy. Lesion is derived from a Latin word which means "injury." ...

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Electroencephalography is the neurophysiologic measurement of the electrical activity of the brain by recording from electrodes placed on the scalp, or in the special cases on the cortex. The resulting traces are known as an electroencephalogram (EEG) and represent so-called brainwaves. This device is used to assess brain damage, epilepsy and other problems. In some jurisdictions it is used to assess brain death. EEG can ...

Including:

• Electroencephalography - Methods
• Electroencephalography - Wave types
• Electroencephalography - History
• Electroencephalography - Notes

Read more here: » Electroencephalography: Encyclopedia - Electroencephalography

Split-brain is a lay term to describe the result when the corpus callosum connecting the two halves of the brain is severed to some degree. The surgical operation to produce this condition is called corpus callosotomy. It is rarely performed, usually to treat epilepsy; people with generalized seizures who injure themselves during falls may have less violent seizures, and hence less ...

Including:

• Split-brain - Also see:

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Clorazepate Clorazepate (brand name: Tranxene®) is a member of the group of drugs called benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepines are prescribed by general practitioners and psychiatrists in the treatment of anxiety disorders and insomnia. They may also be prescribed as anticonvulsants and muscle relaxants. In the twenty-first century, clorazepate is principally prescribed in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal and epilepsy, though of course it is a useful anxiolytic because of its long half-life. The normal start ...

Including:

• Clorazepate - Interactions

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Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an invasive medical procedure used to treat clinical depression (including treatment-resistant depression) and epilepsy. It is usually used as a last chance method, when other treatments have failed to work. VNS has only been recently approved by the FDA to treat depression. The FDA has approved VNS for the treatment of depression after at least four pharmacological treatment ...

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Carbamazepine Carbamazepine (Biston®; Calepsin®; Carbatrol®; Epitol®; Finlepsin®; Sirtal®; Stazepine®; Tegretol®; Telesmin®; Timonil®; Equetro®) is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder; but also used to treat schizophrenia and trigeminal neuralgia. Carbamazepine - Mechanisms. The mecha ...

Including:

• Carbamazepine - Mechanisms
• Carbamazepine - Side Effects
• Carbamazepine - History
• Carbamazepine - Reference

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Sir Victor Alexander Haden Horsley (April 14, 1857-July 16, 1916) was an accomplished scientist and professor. He was born in London. He was educated at Cranbrook School, Kent and studied medicine at University College London and in Berlin, Germany (1881), and in the same year started his career as a house surgeon and registrar at the University College Hospital. From 1884 to 1890 Horsley was Professor-Superintendent of the Brown Institute. In 1886 he was appointed as Assistant Professor of Surgery at the National Hospital for Paralysis and Epilepsy, and as a Professor of Pathology (1887-1896) and Professor of Clini ...

Including:

• Victor Horsley - Source

Read more here: » Victor Horsley: Encyclopedia - Victor Horsley

Vishwa Nirmala Dharma or Sahaja Yoga International is a nonprofit organization and new religious movement established in 1970 by Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi to teach Sahaja Yoga, a meditation method. Sahaja Yoga International - NGOs. An international hospital in Bombay, India using Sahaja Yoga methods. This hospital claims to have been successful in curing incurable diseases such as high blood pressure, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis. Critics note its failures have not been similarly adv ...

Including:

• Sahaja Yoga International - NGOs
• Sahaja Yoga International - Activities

Read more here: » Sahaja Yoga International: Encyclopedia - Sahaja Yoga International

Vulnerable people can be induced into seizure by any flickering light, such as from stroboscopic lamps in discotheques and faulty fluorescent lamps. The frequencies most likely to induce a seizure are between 15 Hz and 25 Hz (i.e. between 15 and 25 times per second), but some people are susceptible to frequencies as low as 3 Hz or as high as 50 Hz. Travelling along tree-lined avenues with the sun flashing between the tree trunks can be a trigger, as can the flickering of sunlight among the leaves of trees as they move in the wind, or the refl ...

See also:

Photosensitive epilepsy, Photosensitive epilepsy - Stimuli, Photosensitive epilepsy - Television screens, Photosensitive epilepsy - Public responsibilities, Photosensitive epilepsy - In popular culture, Photosensitive epilepsy - Helpful links, Photosensitive epilepsy - Bibliography

Read more here: » Photosensitive epilepsy: Encyclopedia II - Photosensitive epilepsy - Stimuli

Gamma waves are involved in higher mental activity. Transient periods of synchronized firing over the gamma waveband, of entire banks of neurons from different parts of the brain, have been proposed as a mechanism for bringing a distributed matrix of cognitive processes together to generate a coherent, concerted cognitive act, such as perception. For example, it has been suggested that gamma waves are associated with solving the binding problem. Recent studies have shown that rec ...

See also:

Gamma wave, Gamma wave - Linked to higher reasoning faculties

Read more here: » Gamma wave: Encyclopedia II - Gamma wave - Linked to higher reasoning faculties

The effects of stroboscopic lighting became apparent when it first became popular in discotheques during the 1960s. Many authorities responded by regulating the permissible frequency ranges of flashing lights in public places. Photosensitive epilepsy was again brought to public attention in 1997 when the Pokemon episode "Electric Soldier Porygon" was broadcast in Japan, showing a sequence of flickering images that triggered seizures simultaneously in hundreds of susceptible viewers(although mass hysteria caused 12,000 children to repo ...

See also:

Photosensitive epilepsy, Photosensitive epilepsy - Stimuli, Photosensitive epilepsy - Television screens, Photosensitive epilepsy - Public responsibilities, Photosensitive epilepsy - In popular culture, Photosensitive epilepsy - Helpful links, Photosensitive epilepsy - Bibliography

Read more here: » Photosensitive epilepsy: Encyclopedia II - Photosensitive epilepsy - Public responsibilities

In Michael Crichton's 1968 novel The Andromeda Strain and its movie adaptation, an important plot point revolves around a scientist's epilepsy being triggered by a blinking red alarm light, triggering an absence seizure. The Pokemon episode was parodied when The Simpsons visited Japan as a program called "Seizure Robots", whose flashing eyes caused the Simpson family to roll on the ground gibbering. Flashing images have become a staple of the Fanimutation community, often with humorous on-screen references to photosens ...

See also:

Photosensitive epilepsy, Photosensitive epilepsy - Stimuli, Photosensitive epilepsy - Television screens, Photosensitive epilepsy - Public responsibilities, Photosensitive epilepsy - In popular culture, Photosensitive epilepsy - Helpful links, Photosensitive epilepsy - Bibliography

Read more here: » Photosensitive epilepsy: Encyclopedia II - Photosensitive epilepsy - In popular culture