Epaminondas - First Invasion of the Peloponnese. For about a year after the victory at Leuctra, Epaminondas occupied himself with consolidating the Boeotian confederacy, compelling the previously Spartan-aligned polis of Orchomenus to join the league. In late 370 BC, however, as the Spartans under Agesilaus attempted to discipline their newly restive ally Mantinea, Epaminondas decided to capitalize on his victory by invading the Peloponnese and shattering Sparta's power once and for all. Forcing his way past the ...

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Epaminondas, Epaminondas - Historical record, Epaminondas - Youth education and personal life, Epaminondas - Early career, Epaminondas - Theban coup, Epaminondas - After the coup, Epaminondas - 371 BC, Epaminondas - Peace Conference of 371, Epaminondas - Leuctra, Epaminondas - The 360s BC, Epaminondas - First Invasion of the Peloponnese, Epaminondas - Trial, Epaminondas - Later campaigns, Epaminondas - Battle of Mantinea, Epaminondas - Legacy, Epaminondas - Footnotes

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Ancient Greece is the term used to describe the Greek-speaking world in ancient times. It refers not only to the geographical peninsula of modern Greece, but also to areas of Hellenic culture that were settled in ancient times by Greeks: Cyprus, the Aegean coast of Turkey (then known as Ionia), Sicily and southern Italy (known as Magna Graecia), and the scattered Greek settlements on the coasts of what are now Albania, Bulgaria, Egypt, Libya, southern France, sout ...

Including:

• Ancient Greece - Origins
• Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas
• Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict
• Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars
• Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens
• Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War
• Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance
• Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon
• Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander
• Ancient Greece - Society
• Ancient Greece - Social Structure
• Ancient Greece - Way of Life
• Ancient Greece - Education

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379 BC - Events. The occupying Spartan garrison at Thebes is driven out by Pelopidas and Epaminondas. 379 BC - Births. 379 BC - Deaths. Category: 370s BC ...

Including:

• 379 BC - Events
• 379 BC - Births
• 379 BC - Deaths

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Agesilaus II, or Agesilaos II (Greek Ἀγησιλάος), king of Sparta, of the Eurypontid family, was the son of Archidamus II and Eupolia, and younger step-brother of Agis II, whom he succeeded about 401 BC. Agis had, indeed, a son Leotychides, but he was set aside as illegitimate, current rumour representing him as the son of Alcibiades. Agesilaus' success was largely due to Lysander, who hoped to find in him a willing tool for the furtherance of his political designs; in this hope, however, Lysander was disappointed, and the incr ...

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Cleombrotus (4?? BC-371 BC) was a Spartan King who ruled from 380 BC to 371 BC. Little is known of Cleombrtus's early life, however he became king of Sparta after the death of his brother Aegisipolis II in 380 BC. Commanding the Spartan-Peloponesian army against the Thebans under Epaminondas at the Battle of Leuctra where he was killed leading the Spartan army of 700 soldiers in July 371 BC. ...

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Victor Davis Hanson (born 1953) is an American military historian and political essayist, best known as a scholar of ancient warfare as well as a commentator on modern warfare. He is also a grape farmer and a critic of social trends related to farming and agrarianism. Victor Davis Hanson - Early life education and today. Hanson grew up on a family farm at Selma, in the San Joaquin Valley of California. His mother was a lawyer and judge, his father an educator and college administrator. Along with his older ...

Including:

• Victor Davis Hanson - Early life education and today
• Victor Davis Hanson - Carnage and Culture
• Victor Davis Hanson - Stances
• Victor Davis Hanson - Iraq War
• Victor Davis Hanson - American education & Classical studies
• Victor Davis Hanson - Politics
• Victor Davis Hanson - Influences
• Victor Davis Hanson - Works

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An abstract strategy game is a board game with perfect information, no chance, and (usually) two players. Many of the world's classic board games, including chess, go, and mancala, fit into this category. Play is sometimes said to resemble a series of puzzles the players pose to each other. Abstract strategy - List of Abstract games. Abstract strategy - Chess and Chess-like games. Chaturanga Western Chess Jangki (Korean Chess) Makruk (Thai Chess) ...

Including:

• Abstract strategy - List of Abstract games
• Abstract strategy - Chess and Chess-like games
• Abstract strategy - Paper and Pencil Games
• Abstract strategy - Other Games

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Boeotia or Beotia (World Book «bee OH shuh») (Greek Βοιωτια; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was the central area of ancient Greece. It is also a prefecture of modern Greece, see Boeotia Prefecture. The oldest city of Greece was sited there and was named Graia (Γραία) which means ancient or old. From the name of this city the word "Greece" derives. Aristotle said that this city was created before the deluge. The same assertion about the origins of Graia city was found also in an ancient marb ...

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The Battle of Delium or of Delion took place in 424 BC between the Athenians and the Boeotians, and ended with the siege of Delium (also known as Delion) in the following weeks. In 424 the Athenian generals Demosthenes and Hippocrates planned to invade Boeotia. Demosthenes mistakenly sailed too early and landed at Siphae, where his plans were betrayed by a Phocian named Nicomachus. As Hippocrates had not yet arrived, D ...

Including:

• Battle of Delium - Reference

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The record of the earliest days of Thebes was preserved among the Greeks in an abundant mass of legends which rival the myths of Troy in their wide ramification and the influence which they exerted upon the literature of the classical age. Five main cycles of story may be distinguished: The foundation of the citadel Cadmea by Cadmus, and the growth of the Sparti or "Sown Men" (probably an aetiological myth designed to explain the origin of the Theban nobility which bore that name in historical times); The building of a ...

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Thebes Greece, Thebes Greece - History, Thebes Greece - Bibliography, Thebes Greece - Notes

Read more here: » Thebes Greece: Encyclopedia II - Thebes Greece - History

There are no fixed or universally agreed dates for the beginning or the end of the Ancient Greek period. In common usage it refers to all Greek history before the Roman Empire, but historians use the term more precisely. Some writers include the periods of the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations, while others argue that these civilizations were so different from later Greek cultures that they should be classed separately. Traditionally, the Ancient Greek period was taken to begin with the date of the first Olympic Games in 776 BC, but most hi ...

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History of Greece, History of Greece - Aegean civilization: prehistoric Greece, History of Greece - Mycenaean Greece Bronze Age, History of Greece - Greek Dark Ages, History of Greece - Ancient Greece, History of Greece - Hellenistic Greece, History of Greece - Roman Period, History of Greece - Medieval Greece, History of Greece - Ottoman Rule and the Rise of Modern Greece, History of Greece - Creation of the Modern Greek State

Read more here: » History of Greece: Encyclopedia II - History of Greece - Ancient Greece

The early history of Phocis remains quite obscure. During the Persian invasion of 480 BC the Phocians at first joined in the national defence, but, by their irresolute conduct at the Battle of Thermopylae lost that position for the Greeks; at the Battle of Plataea they were enrolled on the Persian side. In 457 an attempt to extend their influence to the headwaters of the Cephissus in the territory of Doris brought a Spartan army into Phocis in defence of the "metropolis of the Dorians". A similar enterprise against Delphi in 448 was again fr ...

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Phocis, Phocis - Geography, Phocis - History, Phocis - Phocis today, Phocis - Transportation, Phocis - Provinces, Phocis - Municipalities, Phocis - Persons, Phocis - External link and references

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Born in Pella, Philip was the youngest son of King Amyntas III and Eurydice. In his youth, (ca. 368 BC–365 BC) Philip was a hostage in Thebes, which was the most prominent city of Greece at that time. During his captivity in Thebes, Philip received a military and diplomatic education from Epaminondas, was involved in a pederastic relationship with Pelopidas and lived with Pammenes, who was an enthusiastic advocate of the Sacred Band of Thebes. In 364 BC, Philip returned to Macedonia. The deaths of Philip's elder brothers, King Alexander II ...

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Philip II of Macedon, Philip II of Macedon - Life, Philip II of Macedon - Philip's assassination, Philip II of Macedon - Archaelogical findings

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The state benefitted from these relationships, according to the statements of ancient writers. The friendship functioned as a restraint on the youth, since if he committed a crime it was not he but his lover who was punished. In the military the lovers fought side by side, with each vying to shine before the other. Thus it was said that an army of lovers would be invincible, as was the case until the battle of Chaeronea with the Theban Sacred Band, a batallion of one ...

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Pederasty in ancient Greece, Pederasty in ancient Greece - History, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Philosophical discourses, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Social Aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Educational and military aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Military function, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sexual aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Religious aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Political aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Crete, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Thebes, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sparta, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Athens, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Influence on literature and the arts, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Alcaeus Anacreon Ibycus, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Theognis of Megara, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Ceremonies and proverbs, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Modern scholarship, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Footnotes

Read more here: » Pederasty in ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Pederasty in ancient Greece - Political aspects

The beginning of the 5th century saw Sparta at the height of her power, though her prestige must have suffered in the fruitless attempts made to impose upon Athens an oligarchical régime after the fall of the Peisistratid tyranny in 510. But after the Persian Wars the Spartan supremacy could no longer remain unchallenged. Sparta had dispatched an army in 490, under the command of Datis and Artaphernes, to aid Athens in repelling the armament sent against it by Darius: but it arrived after the Battle of Marath ...

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History of Sparta, History of Sparta - Prehistoric period, History of Sparta - The expansion of Sparta, History of Sparta - The 6th century BCE, History of Sparta - The 5th century BCE, History of Sparta - The 4th century BCE, History of Sparta - The 3rd century BCE, History of Sparta - Intervention of Rome, History of Sparta - Medieval Sparta, History of Sparta - Modern Sparta

Read more here: » History of Sparta: Encyclopedia II - History of Sparta - The 5th century BCE

The Sacred Band of Thebes, a separate military unit reserved only for homosexuals, is usually considered as the prime example of how the ancient Greeks used relationships between soldiers in a troop to boost theit fighting spirit. The Thebans attributed to theSacred Band the power of Thebes for the generation before its fall to Philip II of Macedon, who was so impressed with their bravery during battle, he erected a monument that still stands today on their gravesite. He also gave a ha ...

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Homosexuality in ancient Greece, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Sapphic love, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Love between adult men, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - In the military, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Historical and religious aspects, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Examples, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Warriors, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Mythology, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Historians, Homosexuality in ancient Greece - Pederasty

Read more here: » Homosexuality in ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality in ancient Greece - In the military

Historically and economically the most important part of Messinia is the great plain, consisting of two distinct portions, watered by the river Pamisus (mod. Pirnatza) and its affluents. This is the most fertile tract in Greece, and at the present day produces oranges, citrons, almonds, figs, grapes and olives in great abundance and of excellent quality. The plain, is bounded on the north by the Nomian Mountains (modern Tetrási, around 1,570 m, 5210 ft.) and their westerly extension, on the west by the mountains of Cyparissia (around 1,300 ...

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Messinia, Messinia - History, Messinia - Climate, Messinia - Transportation, Messinia - Population, Messinia - Communications, Messinia - Television, Messinia - Municipalities and communities, Messinia - Islands, Messinia - Provinces, Messinia - External link:

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The hoplite phalanx was a formation in which the hoplites would line up in lines, no less than four deep, in very close order. In this formation, the hoplites would lock their shields together, while the first few ranks of soldiers would project their spears out over the first rank of shields, thus allowing for the first three or so ranks of spearmen to engage their spears against the enemy. Therefore, one might say that the phalanx was essentially a formation in which the hoplites created a mass spear and shield wall. The effectiveness of the phalanx depended upon how well the hoplites could maintain this formation while in combat, e ...

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Phalanx formation, Phalanx formation - Origins, Phalanx formation - Operation, Phalanx formation - Demise, Phalanx formation - Revival

Read more here: » Phalanx formation: Encyclopedia II - Phalanx formation - Operation

The town was built by the combined Theban and Argive armies and the exiled Messenians who had been invited to return and found a state which should be independent of Spartan rule. The site was chosen by Epaminondas and lay on the western slope of the mountain which dominates the Messenian plain and culminates in the two peaks of Ithome and Eua. The former of these (740 m or 2,630 ft) served as the acropolis, and was included within the same sys ...

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Messene, Messene - Ancient city, Messene - Modern town, Messene - Nearest places, Messene - Communities and subdivisions, Messene - Historical population

Read more here: » Messene: Encyclopedia II - Messene - Ancient city

Megalopolis is also a province. It contains the communities of: Amenodouri Ano Anavrito Issari Kato Anavrito Makrinisi? Perivolia Rapsommati Routsi Tripotamia Vasta Vrysoules Zoni It also contains the municipalities of: ...

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Megalopolis Greece, Megalopolis Greece - Nearest places, Megalopolis Greece - Subdivisions, Megalopolis Greece - Communes, Megalopolis Greece - Population

Read more here: » Megalopolis Greece: Encyclopedia II - Megalopolis Greece - Population