Enlightenment Spain - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Enlightenment Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Enlightenment Spain - The Pyrenees Are No More 1700-1715
The last years of the rule of the deformed, mentally retarded, and childless Charles II, were dominated by the politics of who would succ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Charles Iii Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Charles Iii Of Spain - King Of Spain
On August 10, 1759, his half-brother Ferdinand VI died and Charles succeeded him as King. On October 6, 1759 he abdicated the throne of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Charles Iii Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Charles Iii Of Spain - King Of Naples And Sicily
It was his good fortune to be sent to rule as Duke of Parma by right of his mother at the age of sixteen, and thus come under more intell...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Empire - The Golden Age Of Spain: The Sun Never Sets 1521-1643
The 16th and 17th centuries are sometimes called "the Golden Age of Spain" (in Spanish, Siglo de Oro). During the sixteenth century, Spai...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Empire - The Golden Age Of Spain: The Sun Never Sets 1521-1643
The 16th and 17th centuries are sometimes called "the Golden Age of Spain" (in Spanish, Siglo de Oro). During the sixteenth century, Spai...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Reconquista 8th-15th Centuries
The expulsion of the Muslims was reputedly started by the first King of Asturias, named Pelayo (718-737), who started his fight against t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - The Dictatorship Of Francisco Franco 1936-1975
Spain remained officially neutral in World Wars I and II, but suffered through a devastating Civil War (1936-39). During Franco's rule, S...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - The Restoration 1874-1931
Although the former queen, Isabella II was still alive, she recognized that she was too divisive as a leader, and abdicated in 1870 in fa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Second Spanish Republic 1931-1939
Under the Second Spanish Republic, women were allowed to vote in general elections for the first time. The Republic devolved substantial ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Spanish Civil War 1936-1939
In the 1930s, Spanish politics were polarized at the left and right of the political spectrum. The left wing favoured class struggle, lan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Empire - The Empire Of The Last Spanish Habsburgs 1643 – 1713
Traditionally, historians mark the Battle of Rocroi (1643) as the end of Spanish dominance in Europe, but the war was not finished. Suppo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Empire - The Last Territories In Africa 1898-1975
In 1481 the papal Bull Aeterni regis had granted all land south of the Canary Islands to Portugal. Only this archipelago and the cities o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Empire - Twilight In The Global Empire 1808 – 1898
The first major territory Spain was to lose in the nineteenth century was the vast and wild Louisiana Territory, which stretched north to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Empire - The Bourbon Spanish Empire: Reform And Recovery 1713 – 1806
Under the Treaties of Utrecht (April 11, 1713), the European powers decided what the fate of Spain would be, in terms of the continental ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Empire - The Beginnings Of The Empire 1402-1521
Three examples set for the Spanish empire are to be recognized in the Aragonese, Burgundian and Portuguese Empire. Meanwhile, during the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Spain Since 1978
Spain 1978-1982 The Unión del Centro Democrático governments. 1981 The 23-F coup d'état attempt. On February 23 Antonio Tejero, with m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - First Spanish Republic 1873-1874
Following the Hidalgo affair, Amadeus famously declared the people of Spain to be ungovernable, and fled the country. In his absence, a g...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Empire - Twilight In The Global Empire 1808 – 1898
The first major territory Spain was to lose in the nineteenth century was the vast and wild Louisiana Territory, which stretched north to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Spain In The Nineteenth Century 1814-1873
Although the juntas that had forced the French to leave Spain had sworn by the liberal Constitution of 1812, Ferdinand VII openly believe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Empire - The Bourbon Spanish Empire: Reform And Recovery 1713 – 1806
Under the Treaties of Utrecht (April 11, 1713), the European powers decided what the fate of Spain would be, in terms of the continental ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Empire - The Empire Of The Last Spanish Habsburgs 1643 – 1713
Traditionally, historians mark the Battle of Rocroi (1643) as the end of Spanish dominance in Europe, but the war was not finished. Suppo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Empire - The Beginnings Of The Empire 1402-1521
Three examples set for the Spanish empire are to be recognized in the Aragonese, Burgundian and Portuguese Empire. Meanwhile, during the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Early History
The earliest history of the Iberian peninsula is discussed as part of prehistoric Europe. Before the Roman Empire, the Iberian Peninsula ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Empire - The Last Territories In Africa 1898-1975
In 1481 the papal Bull Aeterni regis had granted all land south of the Canary Islands to Portugal. Only this archipelago and the cities o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Visigothic Hispania 5th-8th Centuries
Main articles: Visigoth and Visigothic Hispania After the fall of the Roman Empire, Germanic tribes invaded the former empire, several tu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - The Enlightenment: Spain Under The Bourbons 18th Century
Philip V, the first Bourbon king, of French origin, signed the Decreto de Nueva Planta in 1715, a new law that revoked most of the histor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Napoleonic Wars: War Of Spanish Independence 1808-1814
Spain initially sided against France in the Napoleonic Wars, but the defeat of her army early in the war led to Charles IV's pragmatic de...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Spain Under The Habsburgs 16th-17th Centuries
Spain's powerful world empire of the great 16th and 17th centuries reached its height and declined under the Habsburgs. The Spanish Empir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Al-andalus 8th-15th Centuries
In 711, Arabs and Berbers had converted to Islam, a religion founded in the 7th century by prophet Muhammad and which by the 8th century ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Enlightenment Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Enlightenment Spain - The Trouble With The Neighbors 1788-1808
King Charles III died on 14 December 1788. Seven months later, French revolutionaries stormed the Bastille, launching the French Revoluti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Enlightenment Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Enlightenment Spain - Enlightened Despotism 1759-1788
Ferdinand's successor was Charles III, son of Philip V by his second wife, Elizabeth Farnese. Charles had been named Duke of Parma at his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Enlightenment Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Enlightenment Spain - War Reform And Independence 1715-1746
Philip proved an effective administrator, centralizing the Spanish authority by eliminating regional parliaments and beginning a process ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Enlightenment Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Enlightenment Spain - Balancing Act 1746-1759
The end of the War of the Austrian Succession had awarded Ensenada a victory that cemented his support in Spain. However, two years befor...   » Read the article