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English spelling | A Wisdom Archive on English spelling | | English spelling A selection of articles related to English spelling | |
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English spelling
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO English spelling | | | |  English spelling: Encyclopedia II - Spelling reform - English spelling reformEnglish spelling contains many irregularities due to a number of factors. The large numbers words assimilated from other languages is one of them; an even greater cause is the fact that English began to be widely written and printed during the Middle English period. While English spelling was relatively systematic during the Middle English period, the shift to modern English involved undergoing a Great Vowel Shift and many other changes in phonology. The older, etymological spellings have been retained despite major shifts in phonology.
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See also:Spelling reform, Spelling reform - English spelling reform, Spelling reform - List of leading English spelling reform proposals, Spelling reform - Successes in spelling complication, Spelling reform - Successes in spelling simplification, Spelling reform - French spelling reform, Spelling reform - German spelling reform of 1996, Spelling reform - Indonesian spelling reforms, Spelling reform - Norwegian spelling reforms, Spelling reform - Portuguese spelling reforms, Spelling reform - Russian spelling reforms, Spelling reform - Spanish language spelling reforms Read more here: » Spelling reform: Encyclopedia II - Spelling reform - English spelling reform |
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| | | | | English spelling: Encyclopedia II - King James Version of the Bible - The Project In May 1601 King James VI of Scotland attended the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at St. Columba's Church in Burntisland, Fife, and proposals were put forward for a new translation of the Bible into English. Two years later he acceded to the throne of England.
The King James Version was first conceived at the Hampton Court conference, which the new king called in 1604 to settle various religious grievances. According to an eyewitness account, Dr John Rainolds "moved his majesty that there might be a new translation of the ...
See also:King James Version of the Bible, King James Version of the Bible - Background, King James Version of the Bible - The Project, King James Version of the Bible - Committees, King James Version of the Bible - Literary attributes, King James Version of the Bible - Translation, King James Version of the Bible - Style, King James Version of the Bible - Subsequent history, King James Version of the Bible - Difference in the contents, King James Version of the Bible - Prefatory material, King James Version of the Bible - Typeface spelling and format, King James Version of the Bible - The current text, King James Version of the Bible - Copyright status, King James Version of the Bible - Literary influence Read more here: » King James Version of the Bible: Encyclopedia II - King James Version of the Bible - The Project |
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| | | | | English spelling: Encyclopedia II - King James Version of the Bible - Subsequent history While the King James Version was meant to replace the Bishops' Bible as the official version for readings in the Church of England, it apparently was never specifically mandated. It nevertheless began to replace earlier editions in the Church of England.
Its acceptance by the general public took longer. The Geneva Bible continued to be quite popular, and continued to be reprinted well into the period of the English Civil War, in which soldiers of the New Model Army were issued Genevan New Testaments called "The Soldiers' Bible". One e ...
See also:King James Version of the Bible, King James Version of the Bible - Background, King James Version of the Bible - The Project, King James Version of the Bible - Committees, King James Version of the Bible - Literary attributes, King James Version of the Bible - Translation, King James Version of the Bible - Style, King James Version of the Bible - Subsequent history, King James Version of the Bible - Difference in the contents, King James Version of the Bible - Prefatory material, King James Version of the Bible - Typeface spelling and format, King James Version of the Bible - The current text, King James Version of the Bible - Copyright status, King James Version of the Bible - Literary influence Read more here: » King James Version of the Bible: Encyclopedia II - King James Version of the Bible - Subsequent history |
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| | | | | English spelling: Encyclopedia II - King James Version of the Bible - Copyright status In most of the world the King James Bible can be freely reproduced as it is long out of copyright. This is not the case in the United Kingdom itself.
In the United Kingdom, the rights to the Authorised Version are held by the British Crown. The rights fall outside the scope of copyright as defined in statute law. Instead they fall under the purvue of the royal prerogative and as such they are perpetual in subsistence. Publishers are licensed to reproduce the Authorised Version under letters patent. In England, Wales and Northern Irela ...
See also:King James Version of the Bible, King James Version of the Bible - Background, King James Version of the Bible - The Project, King James Version of the Bible - Committees, King James Version of the Bible - Literary attributes, King James Version of the Bible - Translation, King James Version of the Bible - Style, King James Version of the Bible - Subsequent history, King James Version of the Bible - Difference in the contents, King James Version of the Bible - Prefatory material, King James Version of the Bible - Typeface spelling and format, King James Version of the Bible - The current text, King James Version of the Bible - Copyright status, King James Version of the Bible - Literary influence Read more here: » King James Version of the Bible: Encyclopedia II - King James Version of the Bible - Copyright status |
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| | | | | | English spelling: Encyclopedia II - Classical compound - History and reception English began incorporating many of these words in the sixteenth century; geography first appeared in an English text in 1535, other early adopted words that still survive include mystagogue, from the 1540s, and androgyne, from the 1550s. The use of these technical terms predates the scientific method; the several varieties of divination all take their names from classical compounds, such as ...
See also:Classical compound, Classical compound - A source of international technical vocabulary, Classical compound - Formation spelling and pronunciation, Classical compound - History and reception, Classical compound - More recent developments, Classical compound - Reference Read more here: » Classical compound: Encyclopedia II - Classical compound - History and reception |
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| | | | | English spelling: Encyclopedia II - Spelling reform - Spanish language spelling reforms Spanish orthography is such that every speaker can guess the pronunciation (adapted for accent) from the written form. While the same pronunciation could be misspelt in several ways — there are homophones, because of the language's silent h, vacilations between b and v, between ll and y, and between c and z (and between c, z, and s in Latin America and some parts of the Peninsula) — the orthography is far more coherent than, say, English orthography.
In spite of that, there have been several initiatives to reform the spelling: And ...
See also:Spelling reform, Spelling reform - English spelling reform, Spelling reform - List of leading English spelling reform proposals, Spelling reform - Successes in spelling complication, Spelling reform - Successes in spelling simplification, Spelling reform - French spelling reform, Spelling reform - German spelling reform of 1996, Spelling reform - Indonesian spelling reforms, Spelling reform - Norwegian spelling reforms, Spelling reform - Portuguese spelling reforms, Spelling reform - Russian spelling reforms, Spelling reform - Spanish language spelling reforms Read more here: » Spelling reform: Encyclopedia II - Spelling reform - Spanish language spelling reforms |
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| | | | | English spelling: Encyclopedia II - English verbs - Principal parts A regular English verb has only one principal part, the infinitive or dictionary form (which is identical to the simple present tense for all persons and numbers except the third person singular). All other forms of a regular verb can be derived straightforwardly from the infinitive, for a total of four forms (e.g. exist, exists, existed, existing)
English irregular verbs (except to be) have at most three principal parts:
Strong verbs like write have all three distinct parts, for a total of five forms (e. g. write, writes, wrote, written, writing). The more irregular weak ve ...
See also:English verbs, English verbs - Principal parts, English verbs - Infinitive and basic form, English verbs - Third person singular, English verbs - Present participle, English verbs - Preterite, English verbs - Past participle, English verbs - Tenses of the English verb, English verbs - Overview of tenses, English verbs - Present simple, English verbs - Present progressive, English verbs - Present Perfect, English verbs - Present perfect progressive, English verbs - Past simple, English verbs - Past progressive, English verbs - Past perfect, English verbs - Past perfect progressive, English verbs - Future simple, English verbs - Future progressive, English verbs - Future perfect, English verbs - Future perfect progressive, English verbs - Conditional, English verbs - Conditional perfect, English verbs - Present subjunctive, English verbs - Imperfect subjunctive Read more here: » English verbs: Encyclopedia II - English verbs - Principal parts |
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| | | | | English spelling: Encyclopedia II - Classical compound - More recent developments Many such words, such as thermometer, dinosaur, rhinoceros, and rhododendron, are thoroughly incorporated into the English lexicon and are the ordinary words for their referents. Some are prone to colloquial shortening; rhinoceros often becomes rhino, a situation which may give rise to ambiguity when someone moves from speaking of rhinoceroses to rhinoviruses. The binomial nomenclature of taxonomy and biology is a major source for these items of vocabulary; for many unfamiliar species that lack a common English name, the ...
See also:Classical compound, Classical compound - A source of international technical vocabulary, Classical compound - Formation spelling and pronunciation, Classical compound - History and reception, Classical compound - More recent developments, Classical compound - Reference Read more here: » Classical compound: Encyclopedia II - Classical compound - More recent developments |
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| | | | | English spelling: Encyclopedia II - George Bernard Shaw - Socialism and Political Beliefs Shaw had a vision (letter to Henry James in 1, 17, 1909): “I, as a Socialist, have had to preach, as much as anyone, the enormous power of the environment. We can change it; we must change it; there is absolutely no other sense in life than the task of changing it. What is the use of writing plays, what is the use of writing anything, if there is not a will which finally moulds chaos itself into a race of gods.” Shaw held that each class worked towards its own ends, and that those from the upper echelons had won the struggle; for him, th ...
See also:George Bernard Shaw, George Bernard Shaw - Biography, George Bernard Shaw - Vegetarianism, George Bernard Shaw - Socialism and Political Beliefs, George Bernard Shaw - Quotations, George Bernard Shaw - Works, George Bernard Shaw - Dramatic, George Bernard Shaw - Novels & collections of essays, George Bernard Shaw - Music criticism Read more here: » George Bernard Shaw: Encyclopedia II - George Bernard Shaw - Socialism and Political Beliefs |
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| | | | | English spelling: Encyclopedia II - History of the English language - Old English The invaders dominated the original Celtic-speaking inhabitants, whose languages survived largely in Scotland, Wales, and Cornwall. The dialects spoken by the invaders formed what is now called Old English. Later, it was strongly influenced by the North Germanic language Norse, spoken by the Vikings who settled mainly in the north-east (see Jórvík). The new and the earlier settlers spoke languages from different branches of the Germanic family; many of their lexical roots were the same or similar, although their grammars were more distant, ...
See also:History of the English language, History of the English language - Proto-English, History of the English language - Old English, History of the English language - Middle English, History of the English language - Early Modern English, History of the English language - Historic English text samples, History of the English language - Old English, History of the English language - Middle English, History of the English language - Early Modern English, History of the English language - Modern English Read more here: » History of the English language: Encyclopedia II - History of the English language - Old English |
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| | | | | English spelling: Encyclopedia II - King James Version of the Bible - Literary influence The King James Version has proved to have been an influence on writers and poets, whether in their literary style, or matters of content such as the images they depicted, until the advent of modernism. Although influenced by the Bible in general, they likely could not have helped being influenced by the style of writing the King James Version used, prevalent as it was during their time. John Hayes Gardiner of Harvard University once stated that "in all study of English literature, if there be any one axiom which may be accepted without quest ...
See also:King James Version of the Bible, King James Version of the Bible - Background, King James Version of the Bible - The Project, King James Version of the Bible - Committees, King James Version of the Bible - Literary attributes, King James Version of the Bible - Translation, King James Version of the Bible - Style, King James Version of the Bible - Subsequent history, King James Version of the Bible - Difference in the contents, King James Version of the Bible - Prefatory material, King James Version of the Bible - Typeface spelling and format, King James Version of the Bible - The current text, King James Version of the Bible - Copyright status, King James Version of the Bible - Literary influence Read more here: » King James Version of the Bible: Encyclopedia II - King James Version of the Bible - Literary influence |
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| | | | | English spelling: Encyclopedia II - George Bernard Shaw - Vegetarianism George Bernard Shaw was a noted vegetarian. The following was taken from the archives of the Vegetarian UK:
The Summer of 1946 seems to have been a season of anniversaries and memorials. The Vegetarian Society itself was looking forward to its 100th anniversary and giving its members advance warnings of celebratory plans.
But the big story of the July issue of The Vegetarian Messenger was the tribute to George Bernard Shaw, celebrating his 90th birthday on the 26th of that month. He had, at that time, been a vegetarian for 66 y ...
See also:George Bernard Shaw, George Bernard Shaw - Biography, George Bernard Shaw - Vegetarianism, George Bernard Shaw - Socialism and Political Beliefs, George Bernard Shaw - Quotations, George Bernard Shaw - Works, George Bernard Shaw - Dramatic, George Bernard Shaw - Novels & collections of essays, George Bernard Shaw - Music criticism Read more here: » George Bernard Shaw: Encyclopedia II - George Bernard Shaw - Vegetarianism |
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| | | | | English spelling: Encyclopedia II - George Bernard Shaw - Socialism and Political Beliefs Shaw had a vision (letter to Henry James in 1, 17, 1909): “I, as a Socialist, have had to preach, as much as anyone, the enormous power of the environment. We can change it; we must change it; there is absolutely no other sense in life than the task of changing it. What is the use of writing plays, what is the use of writing anything, if there is not a will which finally moulds chaos itself into a race of gods.” Shaw held that each class worked towards its own ends, and that those from the upper echelons had won the struggle. The failure ...
See also:George Bernard Shaw, George Bernard Shaw - Biography, George Bernard Shaw - Vegetarianism, George Bernard Shaw - Socialism and Political Beliefs, George Bernard Shaw - Quotations, George Bernard Shaw - Works, George Bernard Shaw - Dramatic, George Bernard Shaw - Novels & collections of essays, George Bernard Shaw - Music criticism Read more here: » George Bernard Shaw: Encyclopedia II - George Bernard Shaw - Socialism and Political Beliefs |
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| | | | | English spelling: Encyclopedia II - King James Version of the Bible - Copyright status In Great Britain, the AV is subject to a perpetual Crown Copyright held by the British government. This is because the printing of the KJV was originally covered by Letters Patent which means that to this day it comes under the Crown prerogative section of copyright law in the United Kingdom. It was protected by this means due to its status there as an official document of the established Church of England. The British government licenses all printings of the text in Great Britain, typically by designating one printer as the authoris ...
See also:King James Version of the Bible, King James Version of the Bible - Background, King James Version of the Bible - The Project, King James Version of the Bible - Committees, King James Version of the Bible - Literary attributes, King James Version of the Bible - Translation, King James Version of the Bible - Style, King James Version of the Bible - Subsequent history, King James Version of the Bible - Difference in the contents, King James Version of the Bible - Prefatory material, King James Version of the Bible - Typeface spelling and format, King James Version of the Bible - The current text, King James Version of the Bible - Copyright status, King James Version of the Bible - Literary influence Read more here: » King James Version of the Bible: Encyclopedia II - King James Version of the Bible - Copyright status |
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| | | | | English spelling: Encyclopedia II - King James Version of the Bible - Subsequent history While the King James Version was meant to replace the Bishops' Bible as the official version of the Church of England, it apparently was never specifically approved to do so. It nevertheless began to replace earlier editions in the Church of England.
Its acceptance by the general public took longer. The Geneva Bible continued to be quite popular, and continued to be reprinted well into the period of the English Civil War, in which soldiers of the New Model Army were issued Genevan New Testaments called "The Soldiers' Bible". One early ...
See also:King James Version of the Bible, King James Version of the Bible - Background, King James Version of the Bible - The Project, King James Version of the Bible - Committees, King James Version of the Bible - Literary attributes, King James Version of the Bible - Translation, King James Version of the Bible - Style, King James Version of the Bible - Subsequent history, King James Version of the Bible - Difference in the contents, King James Version of the Bible - Prefatory material, King James Version of the Bible - Typeface spelling and format, King James Version of the Bible - The current text, King James Version of the Bible - Copyright status, King James Version of the Bible - Literary influence Read more here: » King James Version of the Bible: Encyclopedia II - King James Version of the Bible - Subsequent history |
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| | | | | English spelling: Encyclopedia II - King James Version of the Bible - Background Protestantism derived from Martin Luther the idea that the Bible was the sole source of doctrine (see sola scriptura) and as such should be translated into the local vernacular. The act of Bible translation into any vernacular was a political as well as a religious statement, and remained so whether the Bible translation was a private endeavour, or sponsored by a monarch and his government. The English translations made by John Wyclif's followers, and later by William Tyndale, were the opening ...
See also:King James Version of the Bible, King James Version of the Bible - Background, King James Version of the Bible - The Project, King James Version of the Bible - Committees, King James Version of the Bible - Literary attributes, King James Version of the Bible - Translation, King James Version of the Bible - Style, King James Version of the Bible - Subsequent history, King James Version of the Bible - Difference in the contents, King James Version of the Bible - Prefatory material, King James Version of the Bible - Typeface spelling and format, King James Version of the Bible - The current text, King James Version of the Bible - Copyright status, King James Version of the Bible - Literary influence Read more here: » King James Version of the Bible: Encyclopedia II - King James Version of the Bible - Background |
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| | | | | English spelling: Encyclopedia II - King James Version of the Bible - Literary attributes
King James Version of the Bible - Translation.
Like the earlier English translations such as Tyndale's and the Geneva Bible, the King James Version was translated from Greek and Hebrew texts, bypassing the Latin Vulgate. The King James Version's Old Testament is based on the Masoretic Text while the New Testament is based on the Textus Receptus as published by Erasmus. The King James Version is a fairly literal translation of these base sources; words implied but not actually in the original source are specially marked in most pri ...
See also:King James Version of the Bible, King James Version of the Bible - Background, King James Version of the Bible - The Project, King James Version of the Bible - Committees, King James Version of the Bible - Literary attributes, King James Version of the Bible - Translation, King James Version of the Bible - Style, King James Version of the Bible - Subsequent history, King James Version of the Bible - Difference in the contents, King James Version of the Bible - Prefatory material, King James Version of the Bible - Typeface spelling and format, King James Version of the Bible - The current text, King James Version of the Bible - Copyright status, King James Version of the Bible - Literary influence Read more here: » King James Version of the Bible: Encyclopedia II - King James Version of the Bible - Literary attributes |
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| | | | | English spelling: Encyclopedia II - Spelling reform - Russian spelling reforms Main article: Reforms of Russian orthography.
Over the time, there were a number of changes in spelling. They were mostly related with elimination of letters of the Cyrillic alphabet rendered obsolete by changes in phonetics.
When Peter I introduced his "civil script" in 1708, based on more western-looking letter shapes, spelling was simplified as well.
The most recent major reform of Russian spelling was carried out shortly after the Russian Revolution. The Russian orthography was simplified by eliminating four o ...
See also:Spelling reform, Spelling reform - English spelling reform, Spelling reform - List of leading English spelling reform proposals, Spelling reform - Successes in spelling complication, Spelling reform - Successes in spelling simplification, Spelling reform - French spelling reform, Spelling reform - German spelling reform of 1996, Spelling reform - Indonesian spelling reforms, Spelling reform - Norwegian spelling reforms, Spelling reform - Portuguese spelling reforms, Spelling reform - Russian spelling reforms, Spelling reform - Spanish language spelling reforms Read more here: » Spelling reform: Encyclopedia II - Spelling reform - Russian spelling reforms |
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| | | | | | English spelling: Encyclopedia II - Spelling reform - Indonesian spelling reforms Indonesian underwent spelling reforms in 1947 and 1972, after which its spelling was more consistent with the form of the language spoken in Malaysia (i.e. Malay).
The first of these changes (oe to u) occurred around the time of independence in 1947; all of the others were a part of an officially-mandated spelling reform in 1972. Some of the old spellings, which were more closely ...
See also:Spelling reform, Spelling reform - English spelling reform, Spelling reform - List of leading English spelling reform proposals, Spelling reform - Successes in spelling complication, Spelling reform - Successes in spelling simplification, Spelling reform - French spelling reform, Spelling reform - German spelling reform of 1996, Spelling reform - Indonesian spelling reforms, Spelling reform - Norwegian spelling reforms, Spelling reform - Portuguese spelling reforms, Spelling reform - Russian spelling reforms, Spelling reform - Spanish language spelling reforms Read more here: » Spelling reform: Encyclopedia II - Spelling reform - Indonesian spelling reforms |
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