Engels

The sociology of religion is – among other elements – the study of the practices, social structures, historical backgrounds, development, universal themes, and roles of religion in society. There is particular emphasis on the reoccurring role of religion in nearly all societies on Earth today and recorded throughout history. Sociologists of religion attempt to explain the effects that society has on religion and the effects that religion has on society; in other words, their dialectical relationship. Sociology of rel ...

Including:

• Sociology of religion - Typology of religious groups
• Sociology of religion - History and relevance today
• Sociology of religion - The sociological view of religion
• Sociology of religion - Karl Marx
• Sociology of religion - Emile Durkheim
• Sociology of religion - Rodney Stark
• Sociology of religion - Sociological theories of the formation of religion

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Alfred Garyevich Schnittke (Russian: Альфре́д Га́ррьевич Шни́тке, November 24, 1934 – August 3, 1998) was a Russian- German Jewish composer. His father was born in Frankfurt to a Jewish family of Russian origin who had moved to the USSR in 1926, and his mother was a Volga German born in Russia. Alfred Schnittke was born in Engels in the Volga-German Republic of the RSFSR, Soviet Union. He began his musical education in 1946 in Vienna where his father, a journalist and translator, had been poste ...

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In a broad definition, a republic is a state whose political organization rests on the principle that the citizens or electorate constitute the ultimate root of legitimacy and sovereignty. Several definitions, including that of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, stress the importance of autonomy and the 'rule of law' as part of the requirements for a Republic.[1] Nonetheless, in practice most nations that do not have a hereditary monarch ...

Including:

• Republic - Characteristics of republics
• Republic - Heads of state
• Republic - Role of religion
• Republic - Concepts of democracy
• Republic - Influence of republicanism
• Republic - Economical factors
• Republic - Aggregations of states
• Republic - Examples of republics
• Republic - References and notes

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Honour (CwE) or honor (AmE) comprises the reputation, self-perception or moral identity of an individual or of a group. Honour - Honour sex and violence. Previously, honour figured largely as a guiding principle of society, functioning as part of a code of honour for a gentleman and often coming to expression in the practice of duelling. One's honour, that of one's wife, of one's (blood-)family or of one's beloved formed an all-important issue: the archetypal "man of honour" remained ever alert for a ...

Including:

• Honour - Honour sex and violence
• Honour - Cultures of honour and cultures of law
• Honour - Related concepts
• Honour - Quotations
• Honour - Honours and awards
• Honour - Feudal honours

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In the communist or Marxist-Leninist movement, an anti-revisionist is one who favors a strict interpretation of the ideology in accordance with the teachings of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, and Mao. The term is generally seen as positive, not pejorative, and used in self-description by the "anti-revisionists" themselves. To an anti-revisionist, the populist/People's War core of Maoism and the anti-fascism of Stalin's policies are seen as fundamentals of Marxism-Leninism that cannot be abandoned lest the principles of communism ...

Including:

• Anti-Revisionist - Anti-Revisionist leaders

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(German: Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit) 2 Prior to 2002: Deutsche Mark Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Deutschland or Bundesrepublik Deutschland listen ▶ (help·info)) is one of the world's leading industrialised countries, located in Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea, to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic, to the south by Austria and Switzerland, and to the west by Fr ...

Including:

• Germany - History
• Germany - Early history of the Germanic tribes 100 BC-300 AD
• Germany - The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation 843–1806
• Germany - Restoration and revolution 1814–1871
• Germany - German Empire 1871–1918
• Germany - Weimar Republic 1919–1933
• Germany - Third Reich 1933–1945
• Germany - Division and reunification 1945–1990
• Germany - Politics
• Germany - Legal system
• Germany - Foreign Relations
• Germany - Armed Forces
• Germany - Energy policy
• Germany - Geography
• Germany - States Länder
• Germany - Territory
• Germany - Climate
• Germany - Economy
• Germany - Exports
• Germany - Imports
• Germany - Agriculture
• Germany - Industrial sector
• Germany - Service sector
• Germany - Natural resources
• Germany - Society
• Germany - Demographics
• Germany - Religion
• Germany - Education
• Germany - Social issues
• Germany - Culture
• Germany - Miscellaneous topics

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The Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (German: Autonome Sozialistische Sowjet-Republik der Wolga-Deutschen, Russian: Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика Немцев Поволжья) was an autonomy established in the Soviet Union, with its capital at the Volga port of Engels (until 1931 known as Pokrovsk) in 1918 following the Russian Revolution, in the area of compact settlement of the large Volga German minority in Russia, ...

Including:

• Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic - External link

Read more here: » Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia - Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

Cultural hegemony is the concept that a diverse culture can be ruled or dominated by one group or class, that everyday practices and shared beliefs provide the foundation for complex systems of domination. The analysis of hegemony (or "rule") was formulated by Antonio Gramsci to explain why predicted communist revolutions had not occurred where they were most expected, in industrialized Europe. Marx and his followers had advanced the theory that the rise of industrial capitalism would create a huge working class and cyclical ec ...

Including:

• Cultural hegemony - Criticism

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William Morris (March 24, 1834 – October 3, 1896) was one of the principal founders of the British Arts and Crafts Movement and is best known as a designer of wallpaper and patterned fabrics, a writer of poetry and fiction, and a pioneer of the socialist movement in Britain. William Morris - Early life. Morris was born in Walthamstow near London. His family was wealthy, and he went to school at Marlborough College and then to Oxford University (Exeter College), where he became influenced by John Ruskin an ...

Including:

• William Morris - Early life
• William Morris - Business career
• William Morris - Poetry
• William Morris - Architecture
• William Morris - Socialism
• William Morris - The Kelmscott Press
• William Morris - Literary works
• William Morris - Notes
• William Morris - Morris today

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Broadly defined, Dialectic (Greek: διαλεκτική) is an exchange of propositions (theses) and counter-propositions (antitheses) resulting in a synthesis of the opposing assertions, or at least a qualitative transformation in the direction of the dialogue. It is one of the three original liberal arts or trivium (the other members are rhetoric and grammar) in Western culture. In ancient and medieval times, both rhetoric and dialectic were understood to aim at being persuasive (through dialogue). The ai ...

Including:

• Dialectic - In philosophy
• Dialectic - Socratic dialectic
• Dialectic - Hegelian dialectic
• Dialectic - Marxist dialectics
• Dialectic - Critiques of dialectic
• Dialectic - Dialectical biology
• Dialectic - Footnotes
• Dialectic - Sources

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Decentralisation (American: decentralization) is any of various means of more widely distributing decision-making to bring it closer to the point of service or action. It occurs in a great many contexts in engineering, management science, political science, political economy, sociology and economics — each of which could be said to study mass decision-making by groups, too large to consult with each other very directly. Law and science can also be said to be highly decentralised human practices. There are serious studi ...

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Antonio Gramsci (January 22, 1891 – April 27, 1937) was an Italian writer, politician, leader and theorist of Socialism, Communism and Anti-Fascism. Antonio Gramsci - Life. Gramsci was born in Ales, Italy, on the island of Sardinia, a relatively remote region of Italy that was mostly ignored by the Italian government in favor of the industrialized North. He was the fourth of seven sons of Francesco Gramsci. His father's family was Arbëreshë and probably the family name was related to Gramsh, an Albanian ...

Including:

• Antonio Gramsci - Life
• Antonio Gramsci - Thought
• Antonio Gramsci - Hegemony
• Antonio Gramsci - Intellectuals and Education
• Antonio Gramsci - State and Civil Society
• Antonio Gramsci - Historicism
• Antonio Gramsci - Critique of 'Economism'
• Antonio Gramsci - Critique of Materialism
• Antonio Gramsci - Influence
• Antonio Gramsci - Sources

Read more here: » Antonio Gramsci: Encyclopedia - Antonio Gramsci

A telephone numbering plan is a system that allows subscribers to make and receive telephone calls across long distances. The area code is that part of the telephone number that specifies a telephone exchange system. Telephone numbering plans assign area codes to exchanges, so that dialers may contact telephones outside their local system. Normally occurring at the beginning of the number, area codes usually indicate geographical areas. Together, numbering plans and their component area codes direct telephone calls to particular regions on a public switched telephone netw ...

Including:

• Telephone numbering plan - Open dialing plans
• Telephone numbering plan - Closed dialing plans
• Telephone numbering plan - Numbering plans by country
• Telephone numbering plan - Argentina
• Telephone numbering plan - Australia
• Telephone numbering plan - Austria
• Telephone numbering plan - Brazil
• Telephone numbering plan - China
• Telephone numbering plan - Colombia
• Telephone numbering plan - Cyprus
• Telephone numbering plan - Czech Republic
• Telephone numbering plan - East Timor Timor Leste
• Telephone numbering plan - Ecuador
• Telephone numbering plan - European Union 1996 proposal
• Telephone numbering plan - Finland
• Telephone numbering plan - France
• Telephone numbering plan - Germany
• Telephone numbering plan - Greece
• Telephone numbering plan - Hong Kong
• Telephone numbering plan - India
• Telephone numbering plan - Ireland
• Telephone numbering plan - Italy
• Telephone numbering plan - Japan
• Telephone numbering plan - Malaysia
• Telephone numbering plan - México
• Telephone numbering plan - Moldova
• Telephone numbering plan - Netherlands
• Telephone numbering plan - New Zealand
• Telephone numbering plan - Norway
• Telephone numbering plan - Peru
• Telephone numbering plan - Poland
• Telephone numbering plan - Portugal
• Telephone numbering plan - Philippines
• Telephone numbering plan - Romania
• Telephone numbering plan - Russia and Kazakhstan
• Telephone numbering plan - Singapore
• Telephone numbering plan - South Africa
• Telephone numbering plan - Spain
• Telephone numbering plan - Sweden
• Telephone numbering plan - Switzerland
• Telephone numbering plan - Ukraine
• Telephone numbering plan - United Kingdom
• Telephone numbering plan - United States Canada and British West Indies

Read more here: » Telephone numbering plan: Encyclopedia - Telephone numbering plan

The website, and the group of volunteers working on it, has dramatically changed since its early beginnings. Now the Marxists Internet Archive is a recognized repository for both Marxist and non-Marxist writers. Marxists Internet Archive - Management. The MIA is controlled by a steering committee. The Committee decides issues such as the categorization of writers, modifications to the bylaw's (By 3/4 majority), financial issues of all kinds, and similar matters. Administrators are volunteers who assume additional responsibilities over certain section(s) of MIA.-[2] ...

See also:

Marxists Internet Archive, Marxists Internet Archive - Early beginnings, Marxists Internet Archive - Organization, Marxists Internet Archive - Management, Marxists Internet Archive - Legal Status, Marxists Internet Archive - Copyright, Marxists Internet Archive - Continuity of the archive, Marxists Internet Archive - Archive style, Marxists Internet Archive - Division of the archive, Marxists Internet Archive - Marxist Writers, Marxists Internet Archive - History Archive, Marxists Internet Archive - Subject Archive, Marxists Internet Archive - Reference Writers, Marxists Internet Archive - Encyclopedia of Marxism, Marxists Internet Archive - Multi-lingual archives

Read more here: » Marxists Internet Archive: Encyclopedia II - Marxists Internet Archive - Organization

Some of Hegel's writing was intended for those with advanced knowledge of philosophy, although his "Encyclopedia" was intended as a textbook in a university course. Nevertheless, like many philosophers, Hegel assumed that his readers would be well-versed in Western philosophy, up to and including Descartes, Spinoza, Hume, Kant, Fichte, and Schelling. For those wishing to read his work without this background, introductions to Hegel and commentaries about Hegel may suffice. However, even this is hotly debated since the reader must choose from ...

See also:

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Teachings, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Life and work, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Hegel's legacy, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Left and right Hegelianism, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Triads, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Detractors, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Advocates, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Major works, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Secondary literature, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Hegel texts online

Read more here: » Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Encyclopedia II - Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Hegel's legacy

Christian worldviews are the worldviews held by Christians to be valid views on the world and life for their time. Christian worldviews vary enormously, just as in the different canons of the Bible and different literary sources we can see different "biblical worldviews." True, they all do incorporate the notion of a three-storey universe - the heavens above, the earth beneath, and the underworld - what Northrop Frye indicated as the central clusters of the system of metaphors in the Bible - mountain, garden, and cave. It wasn't until late i ...

See also:

Christian worldview, Christian worldview - The multiplicity of Biblical worldviews, Christian worldview - Differences in canons clue to differences in worldviews, Christian worldview - Worldviews are a universal of human existence, Christian worldview - Language factors in worldviews: the case of Palestine in Jesus' day, Christian worldview - The efflorescence of worldview-talk among Protestant conservatives today, Christian worldview - Resources: books & digital documents online

Read more here: » Christian worldview: Encyclopedia II - Christian worldview - The multiplicity of Biblical worldviews

Stirner's main work is The Ego and Its Own (org. 'Der Einzige und sein Eigentum'), which appeared in Leipzig in 1844. One can chart the development of his philosophy through a series of articles that appeared shortly before this central work (the articles The False Principle of Our Education and Art and Religion furnishing particular interest). In The Ego and Its Own Stirner launches a radical anti-authoritarian and individualist critique of contemporary Prussian society, and modernity and modern western so ...

See also:

Max Stirner, Max Stirner - Biography, Max Stirner - Philosophy, Max Stirner - Egoism, Max Stirner - Anarchism, Max Stirner - 'The creative nothing', Max Stirner - Power, Max Stirner - Stirner as Hegelian?, Max Stirner - Influence

Read more here: » Max Stirner: Encyclopedia II - Max Stirner - Philosophy

A comparison to Newspeak may arguably be seen in political rhetoric, where two opposing sides string together phrases so empty of meaning that they may be compared to the taunts young children toss back and forth. The arguments of either side ultimately reduce to "I'm good; he's bad." Charges of Newspeak are sometimes advanced when a group tries to replace a word/phrase that is politically unsuitable (e.g. "civilian casualties") or offensive (e.g. "murder") with a politically correct or inoffensive one (e.g. "collateral damage"). Some ...

See also:

Newspeak, Newspeak - Basic principles of Newspeak, Newspeak - Real-life examples of Newspeak, Newspeak - Abbreviations and Acronyms, Newspeak - Newspeak words

Read more here: » Newspeak: Encyclopedia II - Newspeak - Real-life examples of Newspeak

After the Russian Revolution, the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Autonome Sozialistische Sowjet-Republik der Wolga-Deutschen; Автоно́мная Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика Не́мцев Пово́лжья) was established from 1924–1942 with the capital in Engels (known as "Pokrovsk" before 1931). As the Nazis advanced into the USSR towards Volga, Joseph Stalin became worried about the possibility of Volga Germans collaborating with them. On August 28, 1941 ...

See also:

Volga German, Volga German - Catherine the Great, Volga German - The twentieth century, Volga German - The present day, Volga German - Volga Germans in North America, Volga German - Volga Germans in South America

Read more here: » Volga German: Encyclopedia II - Volga German - The twentieth century

Franko was born in Nahuievychi, in the Drohobych county of eastern Halychyna, Galicia (which is today part of the Lviv Oblast in Ukraine) and was the son of a village blacksmith. He attended school in the village Yasenycia Silna from 1862 until 1864, and from there attended a Basilian monastic school in Drohobych until 1867. In 1875, he graduated from the Drohobych gymnasium (a secondary school) and continued on to Lviv University, where he studied classical philosophy and Ukrainian language and literature. It was at this University he began ...

See also:

Ivan Franko, Ivan Franko - His Life, Ivan Franko - Literary Works, Ivan Franko - Trivia

Read more here: » Ivan Franko: Encyclopedia II - Ivan Franko - His Life