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End of civilization | A Wisdom Archive on End of civilization | | End of civilization A selection of articles related to End of civilization | |
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End of civilization
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO End of civilization | | | |  End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77
Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres.
Throughout the Spring of 1975, minor clashes had been building up towards all-out conflict, with the LNM pitted against the Phalange, and the ever-weaker national government wavering between the need to maintain order and cater to its Christian constituency. On the morning of April 13, 1975, unidentified gunmen in a speeding car fired on a group of Phalangist leaders leaving Church in the Christian Beirut suburb of Ain Rumaneh, killing four people in ...
See also:Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - Aoun's War of Liberation =, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77 |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83
Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon.
On 3 June 1982, the Abu Nidal Organization attempted to assassinate Israeli ambassador Shlomo Argov in London. Abu Nidal had assassinated numerous PLO diplomats, and attempted to kill both Arafat and Mahmud Abbas, and was in fact condemned to death by the PLO (Chomsky, op. cit., p. 196). Additionally, British intelligence reported that the attempt had likely been sponsored by Iraq, and Israeli intelligence agreed; however, none of this dissuaded Ariel Shar ...
See also:Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - Aoun's War of Liberation =, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83 |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77
Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres.
Throughout the Spring of 1975, minor clashes had been building up towards all-out conflict, with the LNM pitted against the Phalange, and the ever-weaker national government wavering between the need to maintain order and cater to its Christian constituency. On the morning of April 13, 1975, unidentified gunmen in a speeding car fired on a group of Phalangist leaders leaving Church in the Christian Beirut suburb of Ain Rumaneh, killing four people in ...
See also:Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - The Taif Agreement, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77 |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82
Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978.
Israel Defense Forces entered South Lebanon with the declared purpose "to wipe out PLO terrorist bases"[1] after a number of attacks against Israeli civilians launched by PLO from southern Lebanon. In the latest of those attacks on 11 March 1978, eleven Fatah militants landed on a beach in northern Israel and proceeded to hijack two buses full of passengers on Haifa - Tel-Aviv road, shooting at vehicles passing by. They killed 37 and wounded 76 Isra ...
See also:Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - The Taif Agreement, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82 |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83
Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon.
On 3 June 1982, the Abu Nidal Organization attempted to assassinate Israeli ambassador Shlomo Argov in London. Abu Nidal had assassinated numerous PLO diplomats, and attempted to kill both Arafat and Mahmud Abbas, and was in fact condemned to death by the PLO (Chomsky, op. cit., p. 196). Additionally, British intelligence reported that the attempt had likely been sponsored by Iraq, and Israeli intelligence agreed; however, none of this dissuaded Ariel Shar ...
See also:Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - The Taif Agreement, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83 |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Plans of campaign for 1644 The original plan of the Parliamentary "Committee of Both Kingdoms", which directed the military and civil policy of the allies after the fashion of a modern cabinet, was to combine Essex's and Manchester's armies in an attack upon the King's army. Aylesbury was appointed as the place of concentration. Waller's troops were to continue to drive back Hopton and to reconquer the west, Fairfax and the Scots, to invest Newcastle's army.
In the midlands, Brereton and the Lincolnshire rebels could be counted upon to neutralise the one Byron, ...
See also:First English Civil War, First English Civil War - Overview, First English Civil War - The Royalist and Parliamentarian armies, First English Civil War - Campaign of 1642, First English Civil War - Battle of Edgehill, First English Civil War - The winter of 1642-43, First English Civil War - The Plan of Campaign 1643, First English Civil War - Victories of Hopton, First English Civil War - Adwalton Moor, First English Civil War - Cromwell and the Eastern Association, First English Civil War - Siege and relief of Gloucester, First English Civil War - First Battle of Newbury September 20 1643, First English Civil War - Hull and Winceby, First English Civil War - The Irish Cessation and the Solemn League and Covenant, First English Civil War - Newark and Cheriton March 1644, First English Civil War - Plans of campaign for 1644, First English Civil War - Cropredy Bridge, First English Civil War - Campaign of Marston Moor, First English Civil War - Independency, First English Civil War - Lostwithiel, First English Civil War - Operations of Essex's Waller's and Manchester's Armies, First English Civil War - Second Newbury, First English Civil War - The self-denying ordinance, First English Civil War - Decline of the Royalist cause, First English Civil War - The new-model ordinance, First English Civil War - Victories of Montrose, First English Civil War - Inverlochy, First English Civil War - Organisation of the New Model Army, First English Civil War - First Operations of 1645, First English Civil War - Rupert's Northern March, First English Civil War - Cromwell's Raid, First English Civil War - Civilian strategy, First English Civil War - Charles in the Midlands, First English Civil War - Dundee, First English Civil War - Auldearn, First English Civil War - Campaign of Naseby, First English Civil War - Effects of Naseby, First English Civil War - Fairfax's Western Campaign, First English Civil War - Langport, First English Civil War - Schemes of Lord Digby, First English Civil War - Montrose's Last Victories, First English Civil War - Fall of Bristol, First English Civil War - Philiphaugh, First English Civil War - Digby's Northern Expedition, First English Civil War - End of the First War, First English Civil War - Notes Read more here: » First English Civil War: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Plans of campaign for 1644 |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Campaign of Marston Moor During these manoeuvres, the northern campaign had been fought to an issue. Rupert's courage and energy were more likely to command success in the "English Civil War" than all the conscientious caution of an Essex or a Brentford. On 16 May, Rupert left Shrewsbury to fight his way through hostile country to Lancashire, where he hoped to re-establish the Derby influence and raise new forces. Stockport was plundered on the 25th, and the besiegers of Lathom House, utterly defeated at Bolton on the 28th. Soon afterwards, he received a large reinforcemen ...
See also:First English Civil War, First English Civil War - Overview, First English Civil War - The Royalist and Parliamentarian armies, First English Civil War - Campaign of 1642, First English Civil War - Battle of Edgehill, First English Civil War - The winter of 1642-43, First English Civil War - The Plan of Campaign 1643, First English Civil War - Victories of Hopton, First English Civil War - Adwalton Moor, First English Civil War - Cromwell and the Eastern Association, First English Civil War - Siege and relief of Gloucester, First English Civil War - First Battle of Newbury September 20 1643, First English Civil War - Hull and Winceby, First English Civil War - The Irish Cessation and the Solemn League and Covenant, First English Civil War - Newark and Cheriton March 1644, First English Civil War - Plans of campaign for 1644, First English Civil War - Cropredy Bridge, First English Civil War - Campaign of Marston Moor, First English Civil War - Independency, First English Civil War - Lostwithiel, First English Civil War - Operations of Essex's Waller's and Manchester's Armies, First English Civil War - Second Newbury, First English Civil War - The self-denying ordinance, First English Civil War - Decline of the Royalist cause, First English Civil War - The new-model ordinance, First English Civil War - Victories of Montrose, First English Civil War - Inverlochy, First English Civil War - Organisation of the New Model Army, First English Civil War - First Operations of 1645, First English Civil War - Rupert's Northern March, First English Civil War - Cromwell's Raid, First English Civil War - Civilian strategy, First English Civil War - Charles in the Midlands, First English Civil War - Dundee, First English Civil War - Auldearn, First English Civil War - Campaign of Naseby, First English Civil War - Effects of Naseby, First English Civil War - Fairfax's Western Campaign, First English Civil War - Langport, First English Civil War - Schemes of Lord Digby, First English Civil War - Montrose's Last Victories, First English Civil War - Fall of Bristol, First English Civil War - Philiphaugh, First English Civil War - Digby's Northern Expedition, First English Civil War - End of the First War, First English Civil War - Notes Read more here: » First English Civil War: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Campaign of Marston Moor |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Second Newbury The second battle of Newbury is remarkable as being the first great manoeuvre-battle (as distinct from "pitched" battle) of the Civil War. A preliminary reconnaissance by the Parliamentary leaders (Essex was not present, owing to illness) established the fact that the King's infantry held a strong line of defence behind the Lambourn brook, from Shaw (inclusive) to Donnington (exclusive). Shaw House and adjacent buildings were being held as an advanced post. In rear of the centre, in open ground just north of Newbury, lay the bulk of the roya ...
See also:First English Civil War, First English Civil War - Overview, First English Civil War - The Royalist and Parliamentarian armies, First English Civil War - Campaign of 1642, First English Civil War - Battle of Edgehill, First English Civil War - The winter of 1642-43, First English Civil War - The Plan of Campaign 1643, First English Civil War - Victories of Hopton, First English Civil War - Adwalton Moor, First English Civil War - Cromwell and the Eastern Association, First English Civil War - Siege and relief of Gloucester, First English Civil War - First Battle of Newbury September 20 1643, First English Civil War - Hull and Winceby, First English Civil War - The Irish Cessation and the Solemn League and Covenant, First English Civil War - Newark and Cheriton March 1644, First English Civil War - Plans of campaign for 1644, First English Civil War - Cropredy Bridge, First English Civil War - Campaign of Marston Moor, First English Civil War - Independency, First English Civil War - Lostwithiel, First English Civil War - Operations of Essex's Waller's and Manchester's Armies, First English Civil War - Second Newbury, First English Civil War - The self-denying ordinance, First English Civil War - Decline of the Royalist cause, First English Civil War - The new-model ordinance, First English Civil War - Victories of Montrose, First English Civil War - Inverlochy, First English Civil War - Organisation of the New Model Army, First English Civil War - First Operations of 1645, First English Civil War - Rupert's Northern March, First English Civil War - Cromwell's Raid, First English Civil War - Civilian strategy, First English Civil War - Charles in the Midlands, First English Civil War - Dundee, First English Civil War - Auldearn, First English Civil War - Campaign of Naseby, First English Civil War - Effects of Naseby, First English Civil War - Fairfax's Western Campaign, First English Civil War - Langport, First English Civil War - Schemes of Lord Digby, First English Civil War - Montrose's Last Victories, First English Civil War - Fall of Bristol, First English Civil War - Philiphaugh, First English Civil War - Digby's Northern Expedition, First English Civil War - End of the First War, First English Civil War - Notes Read more here: » First English Civil War: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Second Newbury |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict As a result of the Cairo Agreement in 1969, the Palestinians were legally allowed to operate as a militia within Lebanon, to fight Israel. They were granted full control over the refugee camps, but soon much of southern Lebanon fell under the PLO's effective rule. As fighters poured in from Jordan after the Black September destruction of the PLO's apparatus there, the PLO's presence became overbearing to many of inhabitants of these areas. The radical factions operated as a law unto themselves, and conservative Shi'a villagers watched in hor ...
See also:Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - Aoun's War of Liberation =, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias Constitutionally guaranteed Christian control of the government had come under increasing fire from Muslims and secular left wing groups in the 1960s, leading them to join forces as the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) in 1969. The LNM called for the taking of a new census (the last one had been conducted in 1932) and the subsequent drafting of a new governmental structure that would reflect the actual population balance. This was perceived as a mortal threat for Christian (especially Maronite) power in Lebanon, although alliances were admittedly much more complex than the "Muslims versus Christians" rubric ...
See also:Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - Aoun's War of Liberation =, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias Constitutionally guaranteed Christian control of the government had come under increasing fire from Muslims and secular left wing groups in the 1960s, leading them to join forces as the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) in 1969. The LNM called for the taking of a new census (the last one had been conducted in 1932) and the subsequent drafting of a new governmental structure that would reflect the actual population balance. This was perceived as a mortal threat for Christian (especially Maronite) power in Lebanon, although alliances were admittedly much more complex than the "Muslims versus Christians" rubric ...
See also:Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - The Taif Agreement, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict As a result of the Cairo Agreement in 1969, the Palestinians were legally allowed to operate as a militia within Lebanon, to fight Israel. They were granted full control over the refugee camps, but soon much of southern Lebanon fell under the PLO's effective rule. As fighters poured in from Jordan after the Black September destruction of the PLO's apparatus there, the PLO's presence became overbearing to many of inhabitants of these areas. The radical factions operated as a law unto themselves, and quickly alienated conservative Shi'a villag ...
See also:Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - The Taif Agreement, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - Onderon - History The native Onderonians struggled against the beasts, eventually gathering new technologies and building the huge walled city (and only city on Onderon) of Iziz to protect themselves from the beasts. Later, the Onderonians began to send their criminal element out into the wilderness without any protection from the beasts. These outcasts soon learnt to defend themselves, and eventually formed a second civilization. Relations between the two groups were hostile, and they remained at ...
See also:Onderon, Onderon - History, Onderon - The Mandalorian War, Onderon - The Civil War, Onderon - Alternate Dark Side ending, Onderon - Canonical Light Side ending, Onderon - More recent history Read more here: » Onderon: Encyclopedia II - Onderon - History |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - Onderon - The Civil War In the cataclysmic aftermath of the Jedi Civil War, Canderous Ordo, who was claimed the new Mandalore, reunited some of the scattered Mandalorian clans at their former base on Dxun. When the Jedi Exile, in his search for Master Kavar, crash-landed in the jungles of Dxun, the Mandalore offered his shuttle to sneak through the military blockade of Onderon — something the Ebon Hawk could not accomplish.
From the city of Iziz, the Exile and the Mandalore managed to contact Master Kavar, who was an advisor of Queen Talia, but were forced by Vaklu's troops to retreat to Dxun. Shortly after, the Iziz starport was closed, and the ...
See also:Onderon, Onderon - History, Onderon - The Mandalorian War, Onderon - The Civil War, Onderon - Alternate Dark Side ending, Onderon - Canonical Light Side ending, Onderon - More recent history Read more here: » Onderon: Encyclopedia II - Onderon - The Civil War |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - Scottish Civil War - Origins of the War — Wars in Three Kingdoms Scotland had helped to spark this series of civil wars in 1639, when it had risen in revolt against Charles I's religious policies. The National Covenant of Scotland was formed to resist the King's imposition of Anglicanism on Presbyterian Scotland. In practice, the Covenant also represented wider Scottish dissatisfaction with Charles' policies, especially the sidelining of Scotland since the Stuart Kings had also become monarchs of England in 1603. The Covenanters raised a large army from the dependants of their landed class and successfull ...
See also:Scottish Civil War, Scottish Civil War - Origins of the War — Wars in Three Kingdoms, Scottish Civil War - Scottish Royalists, Scottish Civil War - The Irish Intervention, Scottish Civil War - Tippermuir Aberdeen and Inverlochy, Scottish Civil War - Triumph and Disaster for the Royalists, Scottish Civil War - The End of the Scottish Civil War, Scottish Civil War - Scotland and the Second and Third English Civil Wars, Scottish Civil War - Second Civil War, Scottish Civil War - Montrose's defeat and death, Scottish Civil War - Third Civil War, Scottish Civil War - From Occupation to Restoration, Scottish Civil War - The Cost, Scottish Civil War - Sources Read more here: » Scottish Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Scottish Civil War - Origins of the War — Wars in Three Kingdoms |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Langport By that time, Fairfax and Goring were at close quarters. The Royalist general's line of defence faced west along the Yeo, and the Parrett, between Yeovil and Bridgwater and thus, barred the direct route to Taunton. Fairfax, however, marched from Lechlade via Marlborough and Blandford, hindered only by Clubmento, the friendly posts of Dorchester and Lyme. With these as his centre of operations, he was able to turn the headwaters ...
See also:First English Civil War, First English Civil War - Overview, First English Civil War - The Royalist and Parliamentarian armies, First English Civil War - Campaign of 1642, First English Civil War - Battle of Edgehill, First English Civil War - The winter of 1642-43, First English Civil War - The Plan of Campaign 1643, First English Civil War - Victories of Hopton, First English Civil War - Adwalton Moor, First English Civil War - Cromwell and the Eastern Association, First English Civil War - Siege and relief of Gloucester, First English Civil War - First Battle of Newbury September 20 1643, First English Civil War - Hull and Winceby, First English Civil War - The Irish Cessation and the Solemn League and Covenant, First English Civil War - Newark and Cheriton March 1644, First English Civil War - Plans of campaign for 1644, First English Civil War - Cropredy Bridge, First English Civil War - Campaign of Marston Moor, First English Civil War - Independency, First English Civil War - Lostwithiel, First English Civil War - Operations of Essex's Waller's and Manchester's Armies, First English Civil War - Second Newbury, First English Civil War - The self-denying ordinance, First English Civil War - Decline of the Royalist cause, First English Civil War - The new-model ordinance, First English Civil War - Victories of Montrose, First English Civil War - Inverlochy, First English Civil War - Organisation of the New Model Army, First English Civil War - First Operations of 1645, First English Civil War - Rupert's Northern March, First English Civil War - Cromwell's Raid, First English Civil War - Civilian strategy, First English Civil War - Charles in the Midlands, First English Civil War - Dundee, First English Civil War - Auldearn, First English Civil War - Campaign of Naseby, First English Civil War - Effects of Naseby, First English Civil War - Fairfax's Western Campaign, First English Civil War - Langport, First English Civil War - Schemes of Lord Digby, First English Civil War - Montrose's Last Victories, First English Civil War - Fall of Bristol, First English Civil War - Philiphaugh, First English Civil War - Digby's Northern Expedition, First English Civil War - End of the First War, First English Civil War - Notes Read more here: » First English Civil War: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Langport |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Schemes of Lord Digby This time Rupert would not be with him. The prince, now despairing of success and hoping only for a peace on the best terms procurable, listlessly returned to his governorship of Bristol and prepared to meet Fairfax's impending attack. The influence of Rupert was supplanted by that of George Digby, Earl of Bristol. As sanguine as Charles and far more energetic, he was for the rest of the campaign the guiding spirit of the Royalists, but being a civilian he proved incapable of judging the military factors in the situation from a military stan ...
See also:First English Civil War, First English Civil War - Overview, First English Civil War - The Royalist and Parliamentarian armies, First English Civil War - Campaign of 1642, First English Civil War - Battle of Edgehill, First English Civil War - The winter of 1642-43, First English Civil War - The Plan of Campaign 1643, First English Civil War - Victories of Hopton, First English Civil War - Adwalton Moor, First English Civil War - Cromwell and the Eastern Association, First English Civil War - Siege and relief of Gloucester, First English Civil War - First Battle of Newbury September 20 1643, First English Civil War - Hull and Winceby, First English Civil War - The Irish Cessation and the Solemn League and Covenant, First English Civil War - Newark and Cheriton March 1644, First English Civil War - Plans of campaign for 1644, First English Civil War - Cropredy Bridge, First English Civil War - Campaign of Marston Moor, First English Civil War - Independency, First English Civil War - Lostwithiel, First English Civil War - Operations of Essex's Waller's and Manchester's Armies, First English Civil War - Second Newbury, First English Civil War - The self-denying ordinance, First English Civil War - Decline of the Royalist cause, First English Civil War - The new-model ordinance, First English Civil War - Victories of Montrose, First English Civil War - Inverlochy, First English Civil War - Organisation of the New Model Army, First English Civil War - First Operations of 1645, First English Civil War - Rupert's Northern March, First English Civil War - Cromwell's Raid, First English Civil War - Civilian strategy, First English Civil War - Charles in the Midlands, First English Civil War - Dundee, First English Civil War - Auldearn, First English Civil War - Campaign of Naseby, First English Civil War - Effects of Naseby, First English Civil War - Fairfax's Western Campaign, First English Civil War - Langport, First English Civil War - Schemes of Lord Digby, First English Civil War - Montrose's Last Victories, First English Civil War - Fall of Bristol, First English Civil War - Philiphaugh, First English Civil War - Digby's Northern Expedition, First English Civil War - End of the First War, First English Civil War - Notes Read more here: » First English Civil War: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Schemes of Lord Digby |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Montrose's Last Victories David Leslie did not pursue him. Montrose, though the King did not yet know it, had won two more battles, and was practically master of all Scotland. After Auldearn, he had turned to meet Baillie's army in Strathspey, and by superior mobility and skill, forced that commander to keep at a respectful distance. He then turned upon a new army which Lindsay, titular Earl of Crawford, was forming in Forfarshire, but that commander betook himself to a safe distance, and Montrose withdrew into the Highlands to find recruits (June). The victors of Au ...
See also:First English Civil War, First English Civil War - Overview, First English Civil War - The Royalist and Parliamentarian armies, First English Civil War - Campaign of 1642, First English Civil War - Battle of Edgehill, First English Civil War - The winter of 1642-43, First English Civil War - The Plan of Campaign 1643, First English Civil War - Victories of Hopton, First English Civil War - Adwalton Moor, First English Civil War - Cromwell and the Eastern Association, First English Civil War - Siege and relief of Gloucester, First English Civil War - First Battle of Newbury September 20 1643, First English Civil War - Hull and Winceby, First English Civil War - The Irish Cessation and the Solemn League and Covenant, First English Civil War - Newark and Cheriton March 1644, First English Civil War - Plans of campaign for 1644, First English Civil War - Cropredy Bridge, First English Civil War - Campaign of Marston Moor, First English Civil War - Independency, First English Civil War - Lostwithiel, First English Civil War - Operations of Essex's Waller's and Manchester's Armies, First English Civil War - Second Newbury, First English Civil War - The self-denying ordinance, First English Civil War - Decline of the Royalist cause, First English Civil War - The new-model ordinance, First English Civil War - Victories of Montrose, First English Civil War - Inverlochy, First English Civil War - Organisation of the New Model Army, First English Civil War - First Operations of 1645, First English Civil War - Rupert's Northern March, First English Civil War - Cromwell's Raid, First English Civil War - Civilian strategy, First English Civil War - Charles in the Midlands, First English Civil War - Dundee, First English Civil War - Auldearn, First English Civil War - Campaign of Naseby, First English Civil War - Effects of Naseby, First English Civil War - Fairfax's Western Campaign, First English Civil War - Langport, First English Civil War - Schemes of Lord Digby, First English Civil War - Montrose's Last Victories, First English Civil War - Fall of Bristol, First English Civil War - Philiphaugh, First English Civil War - Digby's Northern Expedition, First English Civil War - End of the First War, First English Civil War - Notes Read more here: » First English Civil War: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Montrose's Last Victories |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Fall of Bristol But Charles was in no case to resume his northern march. Fairfax and the New Model, after reducing Bridgwater, had turned back to clear away the Dorsetshire Clubmen and to besiege Sherborne Castle. On the completion of this task, it had been decided to besiege Bristol, and on 23 August while the King's army was still in Huntingdon, and Goring was trying to raise a new army to replace the one he had lost at Langport and Bridgwater the city was invested. In these urgent circumstances Charles left Oxford for the west only a day or two after he ...
See also:First English Civil War, First English Civil War - Overview, First English Civil War - The Royalist and Parliamentarian armies, First English Civil War - Campaign of 1642, First English Civil War - Battle of Edgehill, First English Civil War - The winter of 1642-43, First English Civil War - The Plan of Campaign 1643, First English Civil War - Victories of Hopton, First English Civil War - Adwalton Moor, First English Civil War - Cromwell and the Eastern Association, First English Civil War - Siege and relief of Gloucester, First English Civil War - First Battle of Newbury September 20 1643, First English Civil War - Hull and Winceby, First English Civil War - The Irish Cessation and the Solemn League and Covenant, First English Civil War - Newark and Cheriton March 1644, First English Civil War - Plans of campaign for 1644, First English Civil War - Cropredy Bridge, First English Civil War - Campaign of Marston Moor, First English Civil War - Independency, First English Civil War - Lostwithiel, First English Civil War - Operations of Essex's Waller's and Manchester's Armies, First English Civil War - Second Newbury, First English Civil War - The self-denying ordinance, First English Civil War - Decline of the Royalist cause, First English Civil War - The new-model ordinance, First English Civil War - Victories of Montrose, First English Civil War - Inverlochy, First English Civil War - Organisation of the New Model Army, First English Civil War - First Operations of 1645, First English Civil War - Rupert's Northern March, First English Civil War - Cromwell's Raid, First English Civil War - Civilian strategy, First English Civil War - Charles in the Midlands, First English Civil War - Dundee, First English Civil War - Auldearn, First English Civil War - Campaign of Naseby, First English Civil War - Effects of Naseby, First English Civil War - Fairfax's Western Campaign, First English Civil War - Langport, First English Civil War - Schemes of Lord Digby, First English Civil War - Montrose's Last Victories, First English Civil War - Fall of Bristol, First English Civil War - Philiphaugh, First English Civil War - Digby's Northern Expedition, First English Civil War - End of the First War, First English Civil War - Notes Read more here: » First English Civil War: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Fall of Bristol |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Philiphaugh Nor was Montrose's position, even after Kilsyth, encouraging, in spite of the persistent rumours of fighting in Westmorland that reached Charles and Digby. Glasgow and Edinburgh were indeed occupied, and a parliament summoned in the King's name. But Montrose had now to choose between Highlanders and Lowlanders. The former, strictly kept away from all that was worth plundering, rapidly vanished, even Alastair Macdonald going with the rest.
Without the Macdonalds and the Gordons, Montrose's military and political resettlement of Scotlan ...
See also:First English Civil War, First English Civil War - Overview, First English Civil War - The Royalist and Parliamentarian armies, First English Civil War - Campaign of 1642, First English Civil War - Battle of Edgehill, First English Civil War - The winter of 1642-43, First English Civil War - The Plan of Campaign 1643, First English Civil War - Victories of Hopton, First English Civil War - Adwalton Moor, First English Civil War - Cromwell and the Eastern Association, First English Civil War - Siege and relief of Gloucester, First English Civil War - First Battle of Newbury September 20 1643, First English Civil War - Hull and Winceby, First English Civil War - The Irish Cessation and the Solemn League and Covenant, First English Civil War - Newark and Cheriton March 1644, First English Civil War - Plans of campaign for 1644, First English Civil War - Cropredy Bridge, First English Civil War - Campaign of Marston Moor, First English Civil War - Independency, First English Civil War - Lostwithiel, First English Civil War - Operations of Essex's Waller's and Manchester's Armies, First English Civil War - Second Newbury, First English Civil War - The self-denying ordinance, First English Civil War - Decline of the Royalist cause, First English Civil War - The new-model ordinance, First English Civil War - Victories of Montrose, First English Civil War - Inverlochy, First English Civil War - Organisation of the New Model Army, First English Civil War - First Operations of 1645, First English Civil War - Rupert's Northern March, First English Civil War - Cromwell's Raid, First English Civil War - Civilian strategy, First English Civil War - Charles in the Midlands, First English Civil War - Dundee, First English Civil War - Auldearn, First English Civil War - Campaign of Naseby, First English Civil War - Effects of Naseby, First English Civil War - Fairfax's Western Campaign, First English Civil War - Langport, First English Civil War - Schemes of Lord Digby, First English Civil War - Montrose's Last Victories, First English Civil War - Fall of Bristol, First English Civil War - Philiphaugh, First English Civil War - Digby's Northern Expedition, First English Civil War - End of the First War, First English Civil War - Notes Read more here: » First English Civil War: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Philiphaugh |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Digby's Northern Expedition Charles received the news of Philiphaugh on the 28 September, and gave orders that the west should be abandoned, the prince of Wales should be sent to France, and Goring should bring up what forces he could to the Oxford region. On the 4 October Charles himself reached Newark (whither he had marched from Denbigh after revictualling Chester and suffering the defeat of Rowton Heath). The intention to go to Montrose was of course given up, at any rate for the present, and he was merely waiting for Goring and the Royalist militia of the westeach ...
See also:First English Civil War, First English Civil War - Overview, First English Civil War - The Royalist and Parliamentarian armies, First English Civil War - Campaign of 1642, First English Civil War - Battle of Edgehill, First English Civil War - The winter of 1642-43, First English Civil War - The Plan of Campaign 1643, First English Civil War - Victories of Hopton, First English Civil War - Adwalton Moor, First English Civil War - Cromwell and the Eastern Association, First English Civil War - Siege and relief of Gloucester, First English Civil War - First Battle of Newbury September 20 1643, First English Civil War - Hull and Winceby, First English Civil War - The Irish Cessation and the Solemn League and Covenant, First English Civil War - Newark and Cheriton March 1644, First English Civil War - Plans of campaign for 1644, First English Civil War - Cropredy Bridge, First English Civil War - Campaign of Marston Moor, First English Civil War - Independency, First English Civil War - Lostwithiel, First English Civil War - Operations of Essex's Waller's and Manchester's Armies, First English Civil War - Second Newbury, First English Civil War - The self-denying ordinance, First English Civil War - Decline of the Royalist cause, First English Civil War - The new-model ordinance, First English Civil War - Victories of Montrose, First English Civil War - Inverlochy, First English Civil War - Organisation of the New Model Army, First English Civil War - First Operations of 1645, First English Civil War - Rupert's Northern March, First English Civil War - Cromwell's Raid, First English Civil War - Civilian strategy, First English Civil War - Charles in the Midlands, First English Civil War - Dundee, First English Civil War - Auldearn, First English Civil War - Campaign of Naseby, First English Civil War - Effects of Naseby, First English Civil War - Fairfax's Western Campaign, First English Civil War - Langport, First English Civil War - Schemes of Lord Digby, First English Civil War - Montrose's Last Victories, First English Civil War - Fall of Bristol, First English Civil War - Philiphaugh, First English Civil War - Digby's Northern Expedition, First English Civil War - End of the First War, First English Civil War - Notes Read more here: » First English Civil War: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Digby's Northern Expedition |
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| | | | | End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Organisation of the New Model Army Returning to the New Model, its first necessity was regular pay; its first duty to serve wherever it might be sent. Of the three armies that had fought at Newbury, only one, Essex's, was in a true sense a general service force; and only one, Manchester's, was paid with any regularity. Waller's army was no better paid than Essex's, and no freer from local ties than Manchester's. It was therefore broken up early in April, and only 600 of its infantry passed into the New Model. Essex's men, on the other hand, wanted but regular pay and strict o ...
See also:First English Civil War, First English Civil War - Overview, First English Civil War - The Royalist and Parliamentarian armies, First English Civil War - Campaign of 1642, First English Civil War - Battle of Edgehill, First English Civil War - The winter of 1642-43, First English Civil War - The Plan of Campaign 1643, First English Civil War - Victories of Hopton, First English Civil War - Adwalton Moor, First English Civil War - Cromwell and the Eastern Association, First English Civil War - Siege and relief of Gloucester, First English Civil War - First Battle of Newbury September 20 1643, First English Civil War - Hull and Winceby, First English Civil War - The Irish Cessation and the Solemn League and Covenant, First English Civil War - Newark and Cheriton March 1644, First English Civil War - Plans of campaign for 1644, First English Civil War - Cropredy Bridge, First English Civil War - Campaign of Marston Moor, First English Civil War - Independency, First English Civil War - Lostwithiel, First English Civil War - Operations of Essex's Waller's and Manchester's Armies, First English Civil War - Second Newbury, First English Civil War - The self-denying ordinance, First English Civil War - Decline of the Royalist cause, First English Civil War - The new-model ordinance, First English Civil War - Victories of Montrose, First English Civil War - Inverlochy, First English Civil War - Organisation of the New Model Army, First English Civil War - First Operations of 1645, First English Civil War - Rupert's Northern March, First English Civil War - Cromwell's Raid, First English Civil War - Civilian strategy, First English Civil War - Charles in the Midlands, First English Civil War - Dundee, First English Civil War - Auldearn, First English Civil War - Campaign of Naseby, First English Civil War - Effects of Naseby, First English Civil War - Fairfax's Western Campaign, First English Civil War - Langport, First English Civil War - Schemes of Lord Digby, First English Civil War - Montrose's Last Victories, First English Civil War - Fall of Bristol, First English Civil War - Philiphaugh, First English Civil War - Digby's Northern Expedition, First English Civil War - End of the First War, First English Civil War - Notes Read more here: » First English Civil War: Encyclopedia II - First English Civil War - Organisation of the New Model Army |
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