There are many scenarios that have been suggested that could happen in the future. Some are certain to happen and will almost certainly end humanity, but will only happen on a very long timescale. Others are likely to happen on a shorter timescale, but will probably not completely destroy civilization. Still others are extremely unlikely, and may even be impossible. For example, Nick Bostrom writes [3]: Some foreseen hazards (hence not m ...

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End of civilization, End of civilization - Types of risks, End of civilization - Future scenarios, End of civilization - Space, End of civilization - Earth, End of civilization - Humanity, End of civilization - Religion, End of civilization - Fictional, End of civilization - Historical scenarios, End of civilization - Notes

Read more here: » End of civilization: Encyclopedia II - End of civilization - Future scenarios

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Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - Aoun's War of Liberation =, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions

Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife

In March 1991, parliament passed an amnesty law that pardoned all political crimes prior to its enactment. The amnesty was not extended to crimes perpetrated against foreign diplomats or certain crimes referred by the cabinet to the Higher Judicial Council. In May 1991, the militias (with the important exception of Hizbullah) were dissolved, and the Lebanese Armed Forces began to slowly rebuild themselves as Lebanon's only major non-sectarian institution. Some violence still occurred. In late December 1991 a car bomb (estimated to car ...

See also:

Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - The Taif Agreement, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions

Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife

The fatal blow to the KKE and the DSE, however, was political, not military. In June of that year, the Soviet Union and its satellites broke off relations with Prime Minister Tito of Yugoslavia, who had been the KKE's strongest supporter since 1944. The KKE thus had to choose between their loyalty to Stalin and their relations with their closest and most important ally. Inevitably, after some internal conflict the great majority of them, led by Zachariadis, chose Stalin. In January 1949 Vafiadis was accused of "Titoism" and removed from his poli ...

See also:

Greek Civil War, Greek Civil War - Background: 1941-44, Greek Civil War - Confrontation: 1944, Greek Civil War - Interlude: 1945-1946, Greek Civil War - Civil War: 1946-1949, Greek Civil War - The end of the war: 1949

Read more here: » Greek Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Greek Civil War - The end of the war: 1949

The fatal blow to the KKE and the DSE, however, was political, not military. In June of that year, the Soviet Union and its satellites broke off relations with Prime Minister Tito of Yugoslavia, who had been the KKE's strongest supporter since 1944. The KKE thus had to choose between their loyalty to Stalin and their relations with their closest and most important ally. Inevitably, after some internal conflict the great majority of them, led by Zachariadis, chose Stalin. In January 1949 Vafiadis was accused of "Titoism" and removed from his poli ...

See also:

Greek Civil War, Greek Civil War - Introduction, Greek Civil War - Background: 1941-44, Greek Civil War - Confrontation: 1944, Greek Civil War - Interlude: 1945-1946, Greek Civil War - Civil War: 1946-1949, Greek Civil War - The end of the war: 1949

Read more here: » Greek Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Greek Civil War - The end of the war: 1949

The military events of 1646 call for no comment. The only field army remaining to the King was Goring's, and though Hopton, who sorrowfully accepted the command after Goring's departure, tried at the last moment to revive the memories and the local patriotism of 1643, it was of no use to fight against the New Model with the armed rabble that Goring turned over to him. Dartmouth surrendered on January 18, Hopton was defeated at Torrington on February 16, and surrendered the remnant of his worthless army on March 14. Exeter fell on April 13. E ...

See also:

First English Civil War, First English Civil War - Overview, First English Civil War - The Royalist and Parliamentarian armies, First English Civil War - Campaign of 1642, First English Civil War - Battle of Edgehill, First English Civil War - The winter of 1642-43, First English Civil War - The Plan of Campaign 1643, First English Civil War - Victories of Hopton, First English Civil War - Adwalton Moor, First English Civil War - Cromwell and the Eastern Association, First English Civil War - Siege and relief of Gloucester, First English Civil War - First Battle of Newbury September 20 1643, First English Civil War - Hull and Winceby, First English Civil War - The Irish Cessation and the Solemn League and Covenant, First English Civil War - Newark and Cheriton March 1644, First English Civil War - Plans of campaign for 1644, First English Civil War - Cropredy Bridge, First English Civil War - Campaign of Marston Moor, First English Civil War - Independency, First English Civil War - Lostwithiel, First English Civil War - Operations of Essex's Waller's and Manchester's Armies, First English Civil War - Second Newbury, First English Civil War - The self-denying ordinance, First English Civil War - Decline of the Royalist cause, First English Civil War - The new-model ordinance, First English Civil War - Victories of Montrose, First English Civil War - Inverlochy, First English Civil War - Organisation of the New Model Army, First English Civil War - First Operations of 1645, First English Civil War - Rupert's Northern March, First English Civil War - Cromwell's Raid, First English Civil War - Civilian strategy, First English Civil War - Charles in the Midlands, First English Civil War - Dundee, First English Civil War - Auldearn, First English Civil War - Campaign of Naseby, First English Civil War - Effects of Naseby, First English Civil War - Fairfax's Western Campaign, First English Civil War - Langport, First English Civil War - Schemes of Lord Digby, First English Civil War - Montrose's Last Victories, First English Civil War - Fall of Bristol, First English Civil War - Philiphaugh, First English Civil War - Digby's Northern Expedition, First English Civil War - End of the First War, First English Civil War - Notes

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KIA: 110,100 Total dead: 359,500 Wounded: 275,200 Total dead: 198,500 Wounded: 137,000+ The American Civil War (1861–1865) was fought in North America within the United States of America, between twenty-four mostly northern states of the Union and the Confederate States of America, a coalition of eleven southern states that declared their independence and claimed the right of secession from the Union in 1860–1861. The war produced over 970,000 casualties (3.09% of ...

Including:

American Civil War - The division of the country
American Civil War - The Union States American Civil War - The Confederacy
American Civil War - Border States American Civil War - Origins of the conflict American Civil War - Narrative summary
American Civil War - Eastern Theater 1861–1863 American Civil War - Western Theater 1861–1863 American Civil War - Trans-Mississippi Theater 1861–1865 American Civil War - The End of the War 1864–1865
American Civil War - Analysis of the War American Civil War - Major land battles American Civil War - Major naval battles American Civil War - Civil War leaders and soldiers American Civil War - The question of slavery American Civil War - Foreign diplomacy American Civil War - Aftermath American Civil War - Further reading and viewing
American Civil War - Reference Books and Bibliographies American Civil War - Primary Sources American Civil War - Biographies American Civil War - Special Studies American Civil War - Novels about the war American Civil War - Documentaries about the war

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The Greek Civil War was fought between 1946 and 1949, and was the first example of a post-war Communist insurgency. The victory of the government anti-Communist forces led to Greece's membership in NATO, as a founding member in 1949, and helped to define the ideological balance of power in the Aegean for the entire Cold War. The civil war consisted on one side of the predominantly conservative Greek civilian population and the armed forces of the Greek government, supported by the USA and the UK . On the other side were mostly ...

See also:

Greek Civil War, Greek Civil War - Introduction, Greek Civil War - Background: 1941-44, Greek Civil War - Confrontation: 1944, Greek Civil War - Interlude: 1945-1946, Greek Civil War - Civil War: 1946-1949, Greek Civil War - The end of the war: 1949

Read more here: » Greek Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Greek Civil War - Introduction

The origins of the civil war lie in the occupation of Greece by Nazi Germany and Bulgaria from 1941 to 1944. King George II and his government escaped to Egypt, where they proclaimed a government-in-exile, recognised by the Western Allies, but not the Soviet Union. The Western Allies actively encouraged, even coerced, the King to appoint moderate ministers; only two of his ministers were members of the dictatorial government that had governed Greece before the Nazi German invasion. Some in the left-wing resistance claimed the government to b ...

See also:

Greek Civil War, Greek Civil War - Background: 1941-44, Greek Civil War - Confrontation: 1944, Greek Civil War - Interlude: 1945-1946, Greek Civil War - Civil War: 1946-1949, Greek Civil War - The end of the war: 1949

Read more here: » Greek Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Greek Civil War - Background: 1941-44

By the summer of 1944 it was obvious that the Germans would soon withdraw from Greece, because the armed forces of the Soviet Union were advancing into Romania and towards Yugoslavia and the Germans risked being cut off. The government-in-exile, now led by a prominent liberal, George Papandreou, moved to Caserta in Italy in preparation for the liberation of Greece. Under the Caserta Agreement of September 1944, all the resistance forces in Greece were placed under t ...

See also:

Greek Civil War, Greek Civil War - Background: 1941-44, Greek Civil War - Confrontation: 1944, Greek Civil War - Interlude: 1945-1946, Greek Civil War - Civil War: 1946-1949, Greek Civil War - The end of the war: 1949

Read more here: » Greek Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Greek Civil War - Confrontation: 1944

The origins of the civil war lie in the occupation of Greece by Nazi Germany and Bulgaria from 1941 to 1944. King George II and his government escaped to Egypt, where they proclaimed a government-in-exile, recognised by the Western Allies, but not the Soviet Union. The Western Allies actively encouraged, even coerced, the King to appoint moderate ministers; only two of his ministers were members of the dictatorial government that had governed Greece before the Nazi German invasion. Some in the left-wing resistance claimed the government to b ...

See also:

Greek Civil War, Greek Civil War - Introduction, Greek Civil War - Background: 1941-44, Greek Civil War - Confrontation: 1944, Greek Civil War - Interlude: 1945-1946, Greek Civil War - Civil War: 1946-1949, Greek Civil War - The end of the war: 1949

Read more here: » Greek Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Greek Civil War - Background: 1941-44

In February 1945 the various Greek parties came to the Varkiza Agreement, with the support of all the Allies. This provided for the complete demobilisation of ELAS and all other paramilitary groups, an amnesty for all political offences, a referendum on the monarchy, and a general election as soon as possible. The KKE remained legal, and its leader Nikolaos Zachariadis, who returned from Germany in April 1945, said that the KKE's objective was now ...

See also:

Greek Civil War, Greek Civil War - Background: 1941-44, Greek Civil War - Confrontation: 1944, Greek Civil War - Interlude: 1945-1946, Greek Civil War - Civil War: 1946-1949, Greek Civil War - The end of the war: 1949

Read more here: » Greek Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Greek Civil War - Interlude: 1945-1946

Fighting resumed in March 1946, as armed bands of ELAS veterans infiltrated into Greece through the mountainous regions near the Yugoslav and Albanian borders. They now were organized as the Democratic Army of Greece (Dimokratikos Stratos Elladas, DSE), under the command of the ELAS veteran Markos Vafiadis (known as "General Markos"), who operated from a base in Yugoslavia. Both the Yugoslav and Albanian Communist regimes, which had come to power through their own efforts and were not Soviet puppets, supported the KKE fighters, ...

See also:

Greek Civil War, Greek Civil War - Background: 1941-44, Greek Civil War - Confrontation: 1944, Greek Civil War - Interlude: 1945-1946, Greek Civil War - Civil War: 1946-1949, Greek Civil War - The end of the war: 1949

Read more here: » Greek Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Greek Civil War - Civil War: 1946-1949

Huntington began his thinking by surveying the diverse theories about the nature of global politics in the post-Cold War period. Some theorists and writers argued that liberal democracy and Western values had become the only remaining ideological alternative for nations in the post-Cold War world. Specifically, Francis Fukuyama argued that the world had reached the 'end of history' in a Hegelian sense. Huntington believes that while the age of ideology has ended, the world had only reverted to a normal state of affairs characterized b ...

See also:

Clash of Civilizations, Clash of Civilizations - Huntington's The Clash of Civilizations, Clash of Civilizations - Huntington's Civilizations, Clash of Civilizations - Huntington's Theories for Civilizational Clash, Clash of Civilizations - Modernization Westernization and Torn Countries, Clash of Civilizations - Criticisms of Huntington's Thesis, Clash of Civilizations - Huntington's Predictions: Analysis and Retrospect, Clash of Civilizations - Bibliography

Read more here: » Clash of Civilizations: Encyclopedia II - Clash of Civilizations - Huntington's The Clash of Civilizations

Irish Civil War - The Treaty. The Anglo-Irish Treaty arose from the Anglo-Irish War (or "Irish War of Independence"), fought between Irish separatists (organised as the extra-legal Irish Republic) and the British government, from 1919-1921. The treaty provided for a fully self-governing Irish state, controlling most of Ireland's population and area, and having its own army and police. However, rather than creating the independent republic favoured by many nationalists, it provided that the state would be a domini ...

See also:

Irish Civil War, Irish Civil War - Background, Irish Civil War - The Treaty, Irish Civil War - Split in the Nationalist movement, Irish Civil War - Course of the war, Irish Civil War - Dublin fighting, Irish Civil War - The Free State takes major towns, Irish Civil War - Atrocities executions and the end of the war, Irish Civil War - Attacks on Loyalists, Irish Civil War - Cost and results, Irish Civil War - Footnotes, Irish Civil War - Sources

Read more here: » Irish Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Irish Civil War - Background

Irish Civil War - Dublin fighting. In April 1922 anti-treaty militants led by Rory O'Connor occupied the Four Courts in Dublin, resulting in a tense stand-off. The Anti-Treaty Republicans wanted to spark a new armed confrontation with the British, which they hoped would unite the two factions of the IRA against their common enemy. However, for those who were determined to make the Free State into a viable, self-governing Irish state, this was an act of rebellion that would have to be put down by them rathe ...

See also:

Irish Civil War, Irish Civil War - Background, Irish Civil War - The Treaty, Irish Civil War - Split in the Nationalist movement, Irish Civil War - Course of the war, Irish Civil War - Dublin fighting, Irish Civil War - The Free State takes major towns, Irish Civil War - Atrocities executions and the end of the war, Irish Civil War - Attacks on Loyalists, Irish Civil War - Cost and results, Irish Civil War - Footnotes, Irish Civil War - Sources

Read more here: » Irish Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Irish Civil War - Course of the war

The Civil War, though short, was bloody. It cost the lives of many senior figures, including Michael Collins. Both sides carried out brutal acts: the anti-treaty forces murdered TDs (MPs) and burned many historic homes (such as the famous Moore Hall in Mayo, because its owner had become a senator); the government executed anti-treaty prisoners, officially and unofficially. The pro-treaty National Army suffered 800 fatalities and perhaps as many as 4000 people were killed. As their forces retreated the Irregulars caused much destruction and t ...

See also:

Irish Civil War, Irish Civil War - Background, Irish Civil War - The Treaty, Irish Civil War - Split in the Nationalist movement, Irish Civil War - Course of the war, Irish Civil War - Dublin fighting, Irish Civil War - The Free State takes major towns, Irish Civil War - Atrocities executions and the end of the war, Irish Civil War - Attacks on Loyalists, Irish Civil War - Cost and results, Irish Civil War - Footnotes, Irish Civil War - Sources

Read more here: » Irish Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Irish Civil War - Cost and results

Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978. Israel Defense Forces entered South Lebanon with the declared purpose "to wipe out PLO terrorist bases"[1] after a number of attacks against Israeli civilians launched by PLO from southern Lebanon. On 11 March 1978, eleven Fatah militants landed on a beach in northern Israel and proceeded to hijack two buses. 37 Israelis died and 76 were w ...

See also:

Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - Aoun's War of Liberation =, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions

Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82

Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis. Between 1985 and 1989, sectarian conflict worsened as various efforts at national reconciliation failed. Heavy fighting took place in the War of the Camps of 1985-86 as a Syrian-backed coalition headed by the Amal militia sought to rout the PLO from their Lebanese strongholds. Many thousands of Palestinians died, and the Sabra, Shatila, a ...

See also:

Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - Aoun's War of Liberation =, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions

Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89

Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots. Lebanon in its modern borders was established in 1920, as a French mandate granted by the League of Nations after the Conference of San Remo. It had been carved out of the Ottoman Empire, but there existed a unique history of Christian-dominated autonomy in the Mount Lebanon area ("Little Lebanon") under Ottoman government, partly as a result of French pressures on behalf of the Maronites. During its mandate, France added several districts to the mutasarrifiya of Mount ...

See also:

Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - Aoun's War of Liberation =, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions

Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war