There were in antiquity at least two distinct varieties of pandura, or tanbur. The more or less pear-shaped type used in Assyria and Persia and introduced by way of Asia Minor into Greece, whence it passed to the Roman Empire. In this type the body, when the graceful inward curves which led up gradually from base to neck were replaced by a more sloping outline, approximated to an elongated triangle with the corners rounded off. The oval type, a favorite instrument of the Egyptians, also found in ancient Persia and among ...

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Pandura, Pandura - Encyclopædia Britannica, Pandura - Turkish Veiw & Usage, Pandura - Body Of Tambur, Pandura - Sample Sound, Pandura - Iranian/Kurdish Veiw & Usage, Pandura - Dictionarys, Pandura - Body Of Tambur, Pandura - Sufi Ahl-e haqq, Pandura - Sample Sound, Pandura - Macedonia, Pandura - Sample Sound, Pandura - Uyghur Uighur Uygur, Pandura - Reference

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The colony of the Straits Settlements is administered by the governor with the aid of an executive council, composed wholly of official members, and there is a legislative council, composed partly of official and partly of nominated members, of which the former have a narrow permanent majority. The governor of the Straits Settlements is also high commissioner for the Federated Malay States of the peninsula, for British North Borneo, Brunei and Sarawak in Borneo, and since the administration of the colony of Labuan, which for a period was ves ...

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Straits Settlements, Straits Settlements - History, Straits Settlements - From the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica

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Straits Settlements - Population. The following are the area and population, with details of race distribution, of the colony of the Straits Settlements, the figures being those of the census of 1901: Population in 1901. Chinese. Malays. Indians. Nationalities. 3824 4120 164,041 36,080 17,823 2667 1160 1945 98,424 106,000 38,051 2627 74 1598 19,468 72,978 1,276 93 5058 7663 281,933 215,058 57,150 5387 The population, which was 306,775 in 1871 and 423,384 in 1881, had in 1 ...

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Straits Settlements, Straits Settlements - History and government, Straits Settlements - The Dindings and Province Wellesley, Straits Settlements - Governor's wider role, Straits Settlements - Dissolution, Straits Settlements - From the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Straits Settlements - Population

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The title of earl of Pembroke has been held successively by several English families, the jurisdiction and dignity of a palatine earldom being originally attached to it. The first creation dates from 1138, when the earidom of Pembroke was conferred by King Stephen on Gilbert de Clare (d. II48), son of Gilbert Fitz-Richard, who possessed the lordship of Strigul (Estrighoiel, in Domesday Book), the modern Chepstow. After the battle of Lincoln (1141), in which he took part, the earl joined the party of the empress Matilda, and he marri ...

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Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Pembroke - History in the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Earl of Pembroke - Earls of Pembroke first Creation circa 1138, Earl of Pembroke - Earls of Pembroke second Creation 1189, Earl of Pembroke - Earls of Pembroke third Creation 1247, Earl of Pembroke - Earls of Pembroke fourth Creation 1339, Earl of Pembroke - Earls of Pembroke fifth Creation 1414, Earl of Pembroke - Earls of Pembroke sixth Creation 1446, Earl of Pembroke - Earls of Pembroke seventh Creation 1452, Earl of Pembroke - Earls of Pembroke eighth Creation 1468, Earl of Pembroke - Earls of Pembroke ninth Creation 1479, Earl of Pembroke - Marchioness of Pembroke 1533, Earl of Pembroke - Earl of Pembroke tenth Creation 1551, Earl of Pembroke - Other use, Earl of Pembroke - Sources and References

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The establishment of the Straits Settlements followed the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, by which the Malay archipelago was divided into a British zone in the north and a Dutch zone in the south. This resulted the exchange of the British settlement of Bencoolen for the Dutch colony of Malacca and for undisputed control of Singapore. Its capital was originally ...

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Straits Settlements, Straits Settlements - History, Straits Settlements - From the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica

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Black must decide whether or not to accept the gambit. Since White cannot easily regain the pawn if Black accepts, the King's Gambit Accepted is the most common. There are several variations. King's Gambit - King's Gambit Declined. A common way to decline the gambit is with 2. ..Bc5, the "classical" KGD (King's Gambit Declined). The bishop prevents white from castling and is such a nuisance that white often expends two tempi to get rid of it, moving the queen's knight to c3 and then to a4 only to ex ...

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King's Gambit, King's Gambit - Variations, King's Gambit - King's Gambit Declined, King's Gambit - King's Gambit Accepted, King's Gambit - Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings

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The establishment of the Straits Settlements followed the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, by which the Malay archipelago was divided into a British zone in the north and a Dutch zone in the south. This resulted the exchange of the British settlement of Bencoolen (on Sumatra) for the Dutch colony of Malacca and undisputed control of Singapore. Its capital was moved from Penang to Singapore in 1832. In 1867, the Settlements became a British crown colony, making the Settlements answerable direct ...

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Straits Settlements, Straits Settlements - History and government, Straits Settlements - The Dindings and Province Wellesley, Straits Settlements - Governor's wider role, Straits Settlements - Dissolution, Straits Settlements - From the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Straits Settlements - Population

Read more here: » Straits Settlements: Encyclopedia II - Straits Settlements - History and government

Considered to be the main line that gives maximum chances for both sides is the Yugoslav Attack which continues 6.Be3 Bg7 7.f3 0-0 8.Qd2 Nc6 and now there are fundamentally two distinct branches with 9.0-0-0 leading to more positional play while 9.Bc4 leads to highly tactical double edged positions. The point of 7.f3 (the move that defines the Yugoslav) is to safeguard e4 and to stop Black from playing ...Nf6-g4 harassing the white bishop. Note that Bla ...

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Sicilian Defense Dragon Variation, Sicilian Defense Dragon Variation - The Yugoslav Attack, Sicilian Defense Dragon Variation - Yugoslav attack with 9.0-0-0, Sicilian Defense Dragon Variation - Yugoslav attack with 9.Bc4, Sicilian Defense Dragon Variation - Other options, Sicilian Defense Dragon Variation - Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings

Read more here: » Sicilian Defense Dragon Variation: Encyclopedia II - Sicilian Defense Dragon Variation - The Yugoslav Attack

Other options on White's sixth move include 6.Be2 (Classical), 6.f4 (Levenfish) and 6.g3. When Black adopts the Dragon formation without 2... d6, White must watch out for ...d5 which often immediately equalizes. Lines where Black does this include the Accelerated Dragon (1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 g6) and Hyper-Accelerated Dragon (1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 g6). Some famous exponents of the Dragon are Veselin Topalov, Andrew Soltis, Jonathan Mestel, Chris Ward, and the late Tony Miles and Eduard Gufeld. Garry Kasparov used the Drago ...

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Sicilian Defense Dragon Variation, Sicilian Defense Dragon Variation - The Yugoslav Attack, Sicilian Defense Dragon Variation - Yugoslav attack with 9.0-0-0, Sicilian Defense Dragon Variation - Yugoslav attack with 9.Bc4, Sicilian Defense Dragon Variation - Other options, Sicilian Defense Dragon Variation - Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings

Read more here: » Sicilian Defense Dragon Variation: Encyclopedia II - Sicilian Defense Dragon Variation - Other options

Image:Turkish tanbur1.jpg www.kulturturizm.gov.tr This is one, and perhaps the most important, of the stringed and plucked instruments of Ottoman music. One view is that the tambur was an ancient development of the ‘kopuz,’ while others suggest that its own history goes back to very early times. Yet another theory is that the tambur is the first evolution and change of the bağlama family of instruments. The word tambur comes from the Arabic ‘tunbur,’ and it is widely believed that this comes from the Sumerian word ‘p ...

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Pandura, Pandura - Encyclopædia Britannica, Pandura - Turkish Veiw & Usage, Pandura - Body Of Tambur, Pandura - Sample Sound, Pandura - Iranian/Kurdish Veiw & Usage, Pandura - Dictionarys, Pandura - Body Of Tambur, Pandura - Sufi Ahl-e haqq, Pandura - Sample Sound, Pandura - Macedonia, Pandura - Sample Sound, Pandura - Uyghur Uighur Uygur, Pandura - Reference

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Tanbour/Tanbur/Tanbor, a Lute-like instrument is the most genuine Iranian musical instrument with which half of the world are acquainted. One of the branches of Tanbour is called Barbados or harper. With the advent and growth of Islam this genuine Iranian musical instrument traveled around the world and is being now used from China up to Italy. Statues unearthed from Shush and dating back to 1500 years ago as well as those excavated in Haft Tappeh are pr ...

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Pandura, Pandura - Encyclopædia Britannica, Pandura - Turkish Veiw & Usage, Pandura - Body Of Tambur, Pandura - Sample Sound, Pandura - Iranian/Kurdish Veiw & Usage, Pandura - Dictionarys, Pandura - Body Of Tambur, Pandura - Sufi Ahl-e haqq, Pandura - Sample Sound, Pandura - Macedonia, Pandura - Sample Sound, Pandura - Uyghur Uighur Uygur, Pandura - Reference

Read more here: » Pandura: Encyclopedia II - Pandura - Iranian/Kurdish Veiw & Usage

The tambur is a traditional long necked string instrument with a pear-like body, made of walnut. The instrument was originally brought to Macedonia in the XIV and XV c by the Turks. The tambura produces a metallic, tinging sound. It is played both solo and in an ensemble performing traditional Macedonian songs and dances. Made by the reputable masters Gievski family, this tambura excels in craftsmanship. These same tamburas are played by professional musicians from Macedonia, including "Anastasia", DD Synthesis, the Folk Dance group Tanec etc Measurements: Total length 875 ...

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Pandura, Pandura - Encyclopædia Britannica, Pandura - Turkish Veiw & Usage, Pandura - Body Of Tambur, Pandura - Sample Sound, Pandura - Iranian/Kurdish Veiw & Usage, Pandura - Dictionarys, Pandura - Body Of Tambur, Pandura - Sufi Ahl-e haqq, Pandura - Sample Sound, Pandura - Macedonia, Pandura - Sample Sound, Pandura - Uyghur Uighur Uygur, Pandura - Reference

Read more here: » Pandura: Encyclopedia II - Pandura - Macedonia

According to most English-language encyclopedias, such as the Encyclopædia Britannica, the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica and the Columbia Encyclopedia, as well as the CIA World Factbook, the term Central Europe is taken to include: Switzerland Germany Liechtenstein Austria Slovenia Alpine countries (west to east) Poland Czech Republic SlovakiaSee also:

Central Europe, Central Europe - Between the Alps and the Baltics, Central Europe - Culturally Central-European, Central Europe - Central Europe behind the Iron Curtain, Central Europe - The new members of the European Union, Central Europe - Remnants of the Holy Roman Empire

Read more here: » Central Europe: Encyclopedia II - Central Europe - Between the Alps and the Baltics

Cinnabar is associated with the element mercury, but contrary to popular belief, is safe to handle. This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, a publication in the public domain. ...

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Cinnabar, Cinnabar - Of note

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Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Gallatin 1836. (Current terminology is indicated parenthetically in italics.) Families Algonkin-Lenape  (=Algonquian) Athapascas  (=Athabaskan) Catawban  (=Catawba + Woccons) Eskimaux  (=Eskimoan) Iroquois  (=Northern Iroq ...

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Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - North America, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Gallatin 1836, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Gallatin 1848, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Powell's 1892 Fifty-eight, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Sapir 1929: Encyclopædia Britannica, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Voegelin & Voegelin 1965: The Consensus of 1964, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Campbell & Mithun 1979: The Black Book, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Greenberg 1987, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Goddard 1996 & Mithun 1999, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Mesoamerica, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - South America, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Kaufman 1990, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Bibliography

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(Consensus conservative classification) FAMILIES Uto-Aztecan (Other branches outside Mesoamerica. See North America) Corachol (Cora-Huichol) Aztecan (Nahua-Pochutec) Totonac-Tepehua Otomanguean Otopamean Popolocan-Mazatecan Subtiaba-Tlapanec Amuzgo Mixtecan Chatino-Zapotec Chinantec Chiapanec-Mangue (extinct) ...

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Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - North America, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Gallatin 1836, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Gallatin 1848, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Powell's 1892 Fifty-eight, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Sapir 1929: Encyclopædia Britannica, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Voegelin & Voegelin 1965: The Consensus of 1964, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Campbell & Mithun 1979: The Black Book, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Greenberg 1987, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Goddard 1996 & Mithun 1999, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Mesoamerica, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - South America, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Kaufman 1990, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Bibliography

Read more here: » Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas: Encyclopedia II - Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Mesoamerica

Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Kaufman 1990. Terrence Kaufman's classification is meant to be a rather conservative genetic grouping of the languages of South America (and a few in Central America). He has 118 "genetic units". Kaufman believes for these 118 units "that there is little likelihood that any of the groups recognized here will be broken apart". Kaufman uses more specific terminology than only language family, such language area, emergent area ...

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Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - North America, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Gallatin 1836, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Gallatin 1848, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Powell's 1892 Fifty-eight, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Sapir 1929: Encyclopædia Britannica, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Voegelin & Voegelin 1965: The Consensus of 1964, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Campbell & Mithun 1979: The Black Book, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Greenberg 1987, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Goddard 1996 & Mithun 1999, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Mesoamerica, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - South America, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Kaufman 1990, Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - Bibliography

Read more here: » Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas: Encyclopedia II - Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas - South America

This article incorporates text from the public domain Catholic Encyclopedia. This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, a publication in the public domain. ...

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Abaddon, Abaddon - Reference, Abaddon - In popular culture / fiction

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Microsoft initiated Encarta by purchasing non-exclusive rights to the Funk and Wagnalls Encyclopedia, incorporating it into its first edition in 1993 (Funk and Wagnalls continued to publish revised editions for several years independently of Encarta, but then ceased printing in the late 1990s). Microsoft had originally approached Encyclopædia Britannica in the 1980s, but Britannica, believing its print media sales would remain strong, declined. Encyclopædia Britannica, the gold standard of encyclopedias for over ...

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Encarta, Encarta - History, Encarta - Technology, Encarta - User editing of Encarta, Encarta - Criticism, Encarta - Notes

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Hasthyaayurvedam (Encyclopaedia of Elephants and Their Treatment). This book is an encyclopaedia of elephants and their treatment. The original book is in Sanskrit but Vaidyamadham Cheriya Narayanan Namboodiri (present Chief Physician of Vaidymadham Vaidysaala) has translated Paalakaapyam (Hasthyaayurveda) from Sanskrit to Malayalam. ...

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Elephants of Kerala, Elephants of Kerala - Elephants in daily life, Elephants of Kerala - Elephants in festivals, Elephants of Kerala - Elephants in captivity, Elephants of Kerala - Caring elephants, Elephants of Kerala - Ornaments used for elephants, Elephants of Kerala - Woman mahout in Kerala, Elephants of Kerala - Books to read

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A table comparing romanizations using DIN 31635, ISO 233, ISO/R 233, UN, ALA-LC, and Encyclopaedia of Islam systems is available here: [9]. Arabic transliteration - Comparison table. ...

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Arabic transliteration, Arabic transliteration - Problems, Arabic transliteration - Transliteration Standards, Arabic transliteration - Comparison table, Arabic transliteration - Online

Read more here: » Arabic transliteration: Encyclopedia II - Arabic transliteration - Transliteration Standards

"History of the Byzantine State" by G. Ostrogorski This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, a publication in the public domain. ...

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Byzantine navy, Byzantine navy - Early period, Byzantine navy - Macedonian Dynasty, Byzantine navy - Late period, Byzantine navy - Ships, Byzantine navy - Greek fire, Byzantine navy - Notable events, Byzantine navy - Reference

Read more here: » Byzantine navy: Encyclopedia II - Byzantine navy - Reference