Empress Dowager Lü

A Chinese clan (会馆, pinyin: Huìgǔan) is a patrilineal and patrilocal group of related Chinese people with a common surname and sharing a common ancestor and, in many cases, an ancestral village (see clan). Clan loyalties tend to be very strong in the south of China, and to a large extent are reinforced by ties to the ancestral village, common property, and often a common spoken Chinese dialect which can be unintelligible to people outside the village. Clan structures tend to be weaker in the north of China, clan members do not usually resid ...

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Zhao Tuo (Traditional Chinese: 趙佗; pinyin: Zhào Tuō) or Triệu Đà in Vietnamese, was a Chinese general from the time of the Qin dynasty who founded the kingdom of Nanyue, or Nam Việt (南越). Born in northern China, he served in a Qin expeditionary force that was sent south. Along the way, he took a wife from the local Yue peoples. After the collapse of the Qin dynasty and the death of his superior, he took control of the region of modern-day Guangdong and allied himself with leaders of the Yue. Building up his powe ...

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The Chu-Han contention (楚漢相爭 or 楚漢春秋, 206–202 BC) was a post-Qin Dynasty interregnum period in China. During this period the rebel kings derived from the collapse of Qin Dynasty formed two camps fighting each other. One camp was headed by Liu Bang, King of Han while the other was headed by Xiang Yu, King Ba of Chu. Several minor kings also fought independent wars against each other during that period. The war ended with total victory of Liu Bang, who claimed himself the emperor and established the Han Dynasty. Including:

• Chu-Han contention - Origin of the War
• Chu-Han contention - Political Situation at the Start of the War
• Chu-Han contention - Start of the War: Qi Rebellion
• Chu-Han contention - Occupation of Guanzhong by Liu Bang
• Chu-Han contention - Development in Other Kingdoms
• Chu-Han contention - Battle of Pengcheng and Lingbi
• Chu-Han contention - Recovery of Han
• Chu-Han contention - Chu Striking Back
• Chu-Han contention - Battle of River of Si
• Chu-Han contention - Conquest of Qi by Han Xin
• Chu-Han contention - End of the War
• Chu-Han contention - Aftermath
• Chu-Han contention - Legends
• Chu-Han contention - Impact on Chinese culture
• Chu-Han contention - Notable Figures

Read more here: » Chu-Han contention: Encyclopedia - Chu-Han contention

The emperor or huángdì (皇帝) of China was the head of government and head of state of China from the Qin dynasty in 221 BC until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911. The pre-Qin heads of the government were called wang (roughly translated as King). Before Qin Shi Huang, the characters huang ("godking") and di ("sage king") were used separately and never consecutively (See Three Huang and five Di). After the Han dynasty, huangdi began to be abbreviated to huang or di -- the ...

Including:

• Emperor of China - Position and power
• Emperor of China - Heredity and succession
• Emperor of China - Styles names and forms of address
• Emperor of China - Family

Read more here: » Emperor of China: Encyclopedia - Emperor of China

Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC - 180s BC - 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC Years: 185 BC 184 BC 183 BC 182 BC 181 BC - 180 BC - 179 BC 178 BC 177 BC 176 BC 175 BC Birth Death Empress Dowager Lü, de facto ruler of the Han dynasty. Pantaleon, probable son and co-ruler of Deme ...

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In 221 BC, the Qin Dynasty annexed all the other states in China to form the first united Chinese Empire. However, the political unification did not immediately result in a unified national identity of all Chinese people. In some former state territory, sympathy to the old state still prevailed. This might not be a huge problem had the Qin Dynasty been able to consolidate its rule over all China for a long period of time. However, Qin's rule was extremely unpopular and unbearable to most Chinese people. Insurrection followed and the Qin Dyna ...

See also:

Chu-Han contention, Chu-Han contention - Origin of the War, Chu-Han contention - Political Situation at the Start of the War, Chu-Han contention - Start of the War: Qi Rebellion, Chu-Han contention - Occupation of Guanzhong by Liu Bang, Chu-Han contention - Development in Other Kingdoms, Chu-Han contention - Battle of Pengcheng and Lingbi, Chu-Han contention - Recovery of Han, Chu-Han contention - Chu Striking Back, Chu-Han contention - Battle of River of Si, Chu-Han contention - Conquest of Qi by Han Xin, Chu-Han contention - End of the War, Chu-Han contention - Aftermath, Chu-Han contention - Legends, Chu-Han contention - Impact on Chinese culture, Chu-Han contention - Notable Figures

Read more here: » Chu-Han contention: Encyclopedia II - Chu-Han contention - Origin of the War

The issue of dealing with powerful princes would soon erupt into a war later known as the Rebellion of the Seven States. Emperor Jing already had an inimical relationship with his cousin-once-removed (the nephew of his grandfather Emperor Gao) Liu Pi (劉濞), the prince of the wealthy Principality of Wu (modern southern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang, southern Anhui, and northern Jiangxi), which enjoyed, among other natural resources, abundant copper and salt supplies. While Emperor Jing was crown prince, Liu Pi's heir apparent Liu Xian (劉賢 ...

See also:

Emperor Jing of Han, Emperor Jing of Han - Early life and career as crown prince, Emperor Jing of Han - Era names, Emperor Jing of Han - Early reign, Emperor Jing of Han - The Rebellion of the Seven States, Emperor Jing of Han - Middle reign and succession issues, Emperor Jing of Han - Late reign, Emperor Jing of Han - Impact on Chinese history, Emperor Jing of Han - Personal information

Read more here: » Emperor Jing of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Jing of Han - The Rebellion of the Seven States

How Liu Ying's childhood was like is not completely clear. What is known is that he was not his father Liu Bang's oldest son -- that would be Liu Fei, who would later be created the Prince of Qi. However, Liu Ying was considered to be the proper heir because his mother, the later Empress Lü, was Liu Bang's wife, while Liu Fei's mother was either a concubine or a mistress. What is also known is that during Chu Han Contention, when Liu Bang fought a five-year war with Xiang Yu for supremacy over the Chinese world, his mother, his siste ...

See also:

Emperor Hui of Han, Emperor Hui of Han - Early life and years as crown prince, Emperor Hui of Han - Reign as emperor, Emperor Hui of Han - Marriage and children, Emperor Hui of Han - Personal information

Read more here: » Emperor Hui of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Hui of Han - Early life and years as crown prince

To see naming conventions in detail, please refer to Chinese sovereign As the Emperor has, by law, a high position challenged by no one else, his subjects are to show the utmost respect in his presence, whether it includes direct conversation or otherwise. In a conversation with the Emperor, it is considered a crime to compare oneself to the Emperor in any way. It is taboo to refer to the Emperor by his given name, even if it is from his own mother, who uses Huangdi (Emperor), or "Er" (simply "son"). The Emperor is never to be ...

See also:

Emperor of China, Emperor of China - Position and power, Emperor of China - Heredity and succession, Emperor of China - Styles names and forms of address, Emperor of China - Family

Read more here: » Emperor of China: Encyclopedia II - Emperor of China - Styles names and forms of address

Emperor Wen quickly showed an aptitude to govern the empire with diligence, and appeared to be genuinely concerned for the People's welfare. Heavily influenced by his wife Empress Dou, who was an adherent to Taoism, Emperor Wen governed the country with the general policies of non-intereference with the people and relaxed laws. His personal life was marked by thriftiness and general willingness to forgive. He was initially very deferential to Zhou Bo, Chen Ping (陳平), and Guan Ying (灌嬰), who were instrumental in his accessi ...

See also:

Emperor Wen of Han, Emperor Wen of Han - Era names, Emperor Wen of Han - Early life and career as Prince of Dai, Emperor Wen of Han - Ascension to the throne, Emperor Wen of Han - Early reign, Emperor Wen of Han - Middle reign, Emperor Wen of Han - Late reign, Emperor Wen of Han - Impact on history, Emperor Wen of Han - Bisexuality?, Emperor Wen of Han - Personal information

Read more here: » Emperor Wen of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Wen of Han - Early reign

After Emperor Wen died in 157 BC, Crown Prince Qi succeeded to the throne as Emperor Jing, and Empress Dou became empress dowager. He became heavily influenced by his mother both in terms of governing philosophy and politics, and he largely continued his father's policies. He also created her brother Guangguo and her nephew Dou Pengzu (竇彭祖, Zhangjun's son) marquesses. A major concern for Empress Dou was the welfare of her young son, Liu Wu, who had by that point been created the Prince of Liang, and he, at her suggestion, seriously con ...

See also:

Empress Dou Wen, Empress Dou Wen - Early life, Empress Dou Wen - As empress to Emperor Wen, Empress Dou Wen - As empress dowager, Empress Dou Wen - As grand empress dowager, Empress Dou Wen - Impact on Chinese history

Read more here: » Empress Dou Wen: Encyclopedia II - Empress Dou Wen - As empress dowager

Starting about 113 BC, Emperor Wu appeared to begin to display further signs of abusing his power. He began to incessantly tour the commanderies, initially nearby Chang'an, but later extending to much farther places, worshipping the various gods on the way, perhaps again in the search of immortality. He also had a succession of magicians whom he honored with great things, even, in one case, making one a marquess and marrying a daughter to him. (That magician, after he was exposed to be a fraud, however, was executed.) Emperor Wu's expenditur ...

See also:

Emperor Wu of Han, Emperor Wu of Han - Background birth and years as crown prince, Emperor Wu of Han - Early reign: the young years, Emperor Wu of Han - Maturity in reign and territorial expansion, Emperor Wu of Han - Further territorial expansion old age and paranoia, Emperor Wu of Han - The Crown Prince Ju revolt, Emperor Wu of Han - Late reign and death, Emperor Wu of Han - Legacy, Emperor Wu of Han - Bisexuality?, Emperor Wu of Han - Personal information, Emperor Wu of Han - Era names, Emperor Wu of Han - Notes

Read more here: » Emperor Wu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Wu of Han - Further territorial expansion old age and paranoia

Both Zhi and her sister Xixu became favored by Crown Prince Qi, and she, then known as Consort Wang, bore him a son, Liu Che, shortly after he became emperor, in 156 BC. When she was pregnant, she claimed that she dreamed a sun falling into her womb. In 153 BC, Prince Che was created the Prince of Jiaodong. As Emperor Jing's empress Empress Bo had no sons, his oldest son Liu Rong (劉榮), born of his other favorite concubine Consort Li (栗姬), was created crown prince in 153 BC. Consort Li was arrogant and jealous, and she hoped to ...

See also:

Empress Wang Zhi, Empress Wang Zhi - Family background and first marriage, Empress Wang Zhi - As consort to the crown prince and then emperor, Empress Wang Zhi - As empress, Empress Wang Zhi - As empress dowager

Read more here: » Empress Wang Zhi: Encyclopedia II - Empress Wang Zhi - As consort to the crown prince and then emperor

Wangs (Kings) were remnants of the rebellion against Qin Dynasty. When Qin Dynasty collapsed, many former nobles of the old Warring States joined the rebellion and occupied territories. They called themselves "kings" and often used the old Warring States kingdom names to bid for support from peoples of those states. Among those kingdoms Chu was the most powerful. After Qin Dynasty was overthrown, Xiang Yu decided to align all the kingdoms for his own political advantage. After the alignment, 18 Kingdoms were formed. However, many of these ki ...

See also:

Kingdoms of Han Dynasty, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - Yixing Wang Kings, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - Tongxing Wang Princes, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - Power of the kings and princes, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - Crown Prince, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - List of Crown Princes, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - List of the kings and princes in Han Dynasty, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - Kings, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - Kingdoms existing when Han Dynasty was established, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - Kingdoms created by Emperor Gao of Han, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - Kingdoms created by Empress Dowager Lü, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - Princes, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - Princes first created by Emperor Gao of Han, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - Princes first created by Emperor Wen of Han, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - Princes first created by Emperor Jing of Han, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - Princes first created by Emperor Wu of Han, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - Princes first created by Emperor Xuan of Han, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - Princes first created by Emperor Yuan of Han, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - Princes first created by Emperor Cheng of Han, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - Princes first created by Emperor Ai of Han, Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - Princes first created by Emperor Ping of Han

Read more here: » Kingdoms of Han Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Kingdoms of Han Dynasty - Yixing Wang Kings

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List of China-related topics 123-L, List of China-related topics 123-L - 0-9, List of China-related topics 123-L - A, List of China-related topics 123-L - B, List of China-related topics 123-L - C, List of China-related topics 123-L - D, List of China-related topics 123-L - E, List of China-related topics 123-L - F, List of China-related topics 123-L - G, List of China-related topics 123-L - H, List of China-related topics 123-L - I, List of China-related topics 123-L - J, List of China-related topics 123-L - K, List of China-related topics 123-L - L

Read more here: » List of China-related topics 123-L: Encyclopedia II - List of China-related topics 123-L - B

To see naming conventions in detail, please refer to Chinese sovereign As the Emperor has, by law, a high position challenged by no one else, his subjects are to show the utmost respect in his presence, whether it includes direct conversation or otherwise. In a conversation with the Emperor, it is considered a crime to compare oneself to the Emperor in any way. It is taboo to refer to the Emperor by his given name, even if it is from his own mother, who uses Huangdi (Emperor), or "Er" (simply "son"). The Emperor is never to be ...

See also:

Emperor of China, Emperor of China - Position and power, Emperor of China - Heredity and succession, Emperor of China - Styles, names and forms of address, Emperor of China - Family

Read more here: » Emperor of China: Encyclopedia II - Emperor of China - Styles, names and forms of address

Cai Lun - Cai Wen - Cai Yuanpei - Caijing - Cairo Conference - Calligraphy - Callistephus - Cangjie method - Canidrome - Cantonese (linguistics) - Cantonese cuisine - Cantonese opera - Cantopop - Cao Cao - Cao Cao Unification of the North - Cao Fang - Cao Pi - Cao Rui - Cao Xueqin - Cao Yu - Cao Zhang - Cao Zhi - Caodong - Capital of China - Capitals of subnational entities of China - Carbon dioxide emissions in China - Cardamom - Careertimes.com.hk - Casino Lisboa - Cathay Pacific - Cathedral Parish - Catholic Church in Taiwan - Causeway Ba ...

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List of China-related topics 123-L, List of China-related topics 123-L - 0-9, List of China-related topics 123-L - A, List of China-related topics 123-L - B, List of China-related topics 123-L - C, List of China-related topics 123-L - D, List of China-related topics 123-L - E, List of China-related topics 123-L - F, List of China-related topics 123-L - G, List of China-related topics 123-L - H, List of China-related topics 123-L - I, List of China-related topics 123-L - J, List of China-related topics 123-L - K, List of China-related topics 123-L - L

Read more here: » List of China-related topics 123-L: Encyclopedia II - List of China-related topics 123-L - C

In 196 BC, after Emperor Gao defeated the Chen Xi (陳豨) rebellion in the Dai region, he created Liu Heng, his son by Consort Bo, the Prince of Dai. The capital of the principality was at Jinyang (晉陽, modern Taiyuan, Shanxi). Dai was a region on the boundaries with Xiongnu, and Emperor Gao probably created the principality with the mind to use it as a base to defend against Xiongnu raids. For the first year of the principality's existence, Chen, whose army was defeated but who eluded capture, remained a threat, until Zhou Bo (周勃) k ...

See also:

Emperor Wen of Han, Emperor Wen of Han - Era names, Emperor Wen of Han - Early life and career as Prince of Dai, Emperor Wen of Han - Ascension to the throne, Emperor Wen of Han - Early reign, Emperor Wen of Han - Middle reign, Emperor Wen of Han - Late reign, Emperor Wen of Han - Impact on history, Emperor Wen of Han - Bisexuality?, Emperor Wen of Han - Personal information

Read more here: » Emperor Wen of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Wen of Han - Early life and career as Prince of Dai

An incident otherwise uncharacteristic of Emperor Wen occurred in 176 BC. Zhou Bo, who had been instrumental in Emperor Wen's becoming emperor and who had by that point retired to his March of Jiang (絳, in modern Linfen, Shanxi), was falsely accused of treason. Instead of doing initial investigations first, Emperor Wen had Zhou arrested and incarcerated. It was only with the intercession of his mother Empress Dowager Bo and his daughter Princess Changping (昌平公主, Zhou's daughter-in-law) that Zhou w ...

See also:

Emperor Wen of Han, Emperor Wen of Han - Era names, Emperor Wen of Han - Early life and career as Prince of Dai, Emperor Wen of Han - Ascension to the throne, Emperor Wen of Han - Early reign, Emperor Wen of Han - Middle reign, Emperor Wen of Han - Late reign, Emperor Wen of Han - Impact on history, Emperor Wen of Han - Bisexuality?, Emperor Wen of Han - Personal information

Read more here: » Emperor Wen of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Wen of Han - Middle reign

Historians generally treated Emperor Wu with ambivalence. On one hand, he was recognized for neutralizing the Xiongnu threat and expanding the Chinese territory. During his reign, China roughly doubled her size, and most of the territories he annexed became part of China proper permanently. His other, perhaps greater, legacy was the promotion of Confucianism. For the first time in history, Confucianism became the dominant thought in the Chinese government, and it remained ...

See also:

Emperor Wu of Han, Emperor Wu of Han - Background birth and years as crown prince, Emperor Wu of Han - Early reign: the young years, Emperor Wu of Han - Maturity in reign and territorial expansion, Emperor Wu of Han - Further territorial expansion old age and paranoia, Emperor Wu of Han - The Crown Prince Ju revolt, Emperor Wu of Han - Late reign and death, Emperor Wu of Han - Legacy, Emperor Wu of Han - Bisexuality?, Emperor Wu of Han - Personal information, Emperor Wu of Han - Era names, Emperor Wu of Han - Notes

Read more here: » Emperor Wu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Wu of Han - Legacy