Wargaming is the play of simulated military operations in the form of games known as war games. It can be one of a number of ways of exploring the effects of warfare or testing strategies without actual combat. It can take the form of a hobby in which one or more players simulate battles or entire wars (as a type of simulation game), or a model or computer simulation of possible scenarios in military planning, (this is also called warfare simulation, see also defense contractors); or the full-scale rehearsal of military maneuve ...

Including:

• Wargaming - History of wargaming
• Wargaming - Tabletop wargaming miniature wargaming
• Wargaming - Board wargaming
• Wargaming - Computerized wargaming
• Wargaming - Types of military wargaming
• Wargaming - Environment
• Wargaming - Historical period
• Wargaming - Unit or map scale
• Wargaming - Notable wargamers
• Wargaming - Notable wargames
• Wargaming - Wargames and wargaming as computer terms

Read more here: » Wargaming: Encyclopedia - Wargaming

In J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy universe, Middle-earth, the Valar are the Powers of Arda who live on the Western continent of Aman. The Valar were the fourteen powerful spirits of the race of the Ainur who entered Arda after its creation to give order to the world and combat the evils of Melkor. They dwelt originally on the Isle of Almaren, but after its destruction, long before the Awakening of the Elves, they moved to Aman and founded Valinor. They were the greatest of the Ainur who witnessed the Vision of Ilúvatar and so came to create Arda. ...

Including:

• Valar - Names
• Valar - Lords of the Valar
• Valar - Queens of the Valar Valier
• Valar - Other names
• Valar - Relationships between the Valar

Read more here: » Valar: Encyclopedia - Valar

A major subset of the Discworld novels of Terry Pratchett involve the witches of Lancre. They are closely based on witches in British folklore, combined with modern Wicca and a slightly tongue-in-cheek reinterpretation of the Triple Goddess. Witch magic is very different from the wizard magic taught in the Unseen University, and consists largely of finding the right lever that makes everything else work. Witches rarely do any magic, in fact, relying more on common sense, hard work, and a peculiar brand of psychology know ...

Including:

• Witches Discworld - The Lancre Coven
• Witches Discworld - Esmerelda Weatherwax
• Witches Discworld - Gytha Ogg
• Witches Discworld - Magrat Garlick
• Witches Discworld - Agnes Nitt
• Witches Discworld - Tiffany Aching
• Witches Discworld - Other Witches
• Witches Discworld - Ammeline 'Goodie' Hamstring
• Witches Discworld - Hilta Goatfounder
• Witches Discworld - Sarah 'Granny' Aching
• Witches Discworld - Gammer Beavis
• Witches Discworld - Aliss Demurrage
• Witches Discworld - Old Mother Dismass
• Witches Discworld - Mrs Lettice Earwig
• Witches Discworld - Mrs Gogol
• Witches Discworld - Miss Level
• Witches Discworld - Miss Tick
• Witches Discworld - Diamanda Tockley
• Witches Discworld - Other Media

Read more here: » Witches Discworld: Encyclopedia - Witches Discworld

Dugpas (Tibet, Tibetan). Lit., "Red Caps," a sect in Tibet.

Before the advent of Tsong-ka-pa in the fourteenth century, the Tibetans, whose Buddhism had deteriorated and been dreadfully adulterated with the tenets of the old Bhon religion, - were all Dugpas. From that century, however, and after the rigid laws imposed upon the Gelukpas (yellow caps) and the general reform and purification of Buddhism (or Lamaism), the Dugpas have given themselves over more than ever to sorcery, immorality, and drunkenness.

Since then the word Dugpas has become a synonym of "sorcerer", "adept of black magic" and everything vile. There are few, if any, Dugpas in Eastern Tibet, but they congregate in Bhutan, Sikkim, and the borderlands generally.

 Europeans not being permitted to penetrate further than those borders, the Orientalists never having studied Buddho-Lamaism in Tibet proper, but judging of it on hearsay and from what Cosmo di Koros, Schlagintweit, and a few others have learnt of it from Dugpas, confuse both religions and bring them under one head. They thus give out to the public pure Dugpaism instead of Buddho-Lamaism. In short Northern Buddhism in its purified, metaphysical form is almost entirely unknown.

(See also: Dugpas , Theosophy, Spirituality, Body mind and Soul, Spiritual Dictionary,)

For more dictionary entries, see » Elves Dictionary

Gaffarillus. An Alchemist and philosopher who lived in the middle of the seventeenth century. He is the first philosopher known to maintain that every natural object (e.g., plants, living creatures, etc.), when burned, retained its form in its ashes and that it could be raised again from them.

This claim was justified by the eminent chemist Du Chesne, and after him Kircher, Digby and Vallemont have assured themselves of the fact, by demonstrating that the astral forms of burned plants could be raised from their ashes. A receipt for raising such astral phantoms of flowers is given in a work of Oetinger, Thoughts on the Birth and Generation of Things.

(See also: Gaffarillus , Theosophy, Spirituality, Body mind and Soul, Spiritual Dictionary,)

For more dictionary entries, see » Elves Dictionary

These are the names of the Valar as they were known to the Eldar. In Middle-earth, they were known by other names of Sindarin origin; for example they called Varda Elbereth. Men knew them by many other names, and sometimes worshipped them as Gods. The Dwarves called Aulë, their creator, Mahal. It should be noted that, with the exception of Oromë, the names listed below are not actual names but rather titles: the true names of the Valar are nowhere recorded. Male Valar are called "Lords of the Valar"; females are called "Queens o ...

See also:

Valar, Valar - Names, Valar - Lords of the Valar, Valar - Queens of the Valar Valier, Valar - Other names, Valar - Relationships between the Valar

Read more here: » Valar: Encyclopedia II - Valar - Names

Other witches featured in the books include: Witches Discworld - Ammeline 'Goodie' Hamstring. Ammeline Hamstring, also known as 'Goodie' Hamstring was a witch from Lancre, the Ramtops. She appeared only in Mort, and was Mort's first "collection" as Death's apprentice. She had a grey cat. As with all Discworld magical practioners, she knew in advance when her death would be and again would be personally visited by Death (or had a right to be anyway) so she had time to prepare. When Mort arrived she was an elderly l ...

See also:

Witches Discworld, Witches Discworld - The Lancre Coven, Witches Discworld - Esmerelda Weatherwax, Witches Discworld - Gytha Ogg, Witches Discworld - Magrat Garlick, Witches Discworld - Agnes Nitt, Witches Discworld - Tiffany Aching, Witches Discworld - Other Witches, Witches Discworld - Ammeline 'Goodie' Hamstring, Witches Discworld - Hilta Goatfounder, Witches Discworld - Sarah 'Granny' Aching, Witches Discworld - Gammer Beavis, Witches Discworld - Aliss Demurrage, Witches Discworld - Old Mother Dismass, Witches Discworld - Mrs Lettice Earwig, Witches Discworld - Mrs Gogol, Witches Discworld - Miss Level, Witches Discworld - Miss Tick, Witches Discworld - Diamanda Tockley, Witches Discworld - Other Media

Read more here: » Witches Discworld: Encyclopedia II - Witches Discworld - Other Witches

Modern wargaming grew out of the military need to study warfare and to 'reenact' old battles for learning purposes. The stunning Prussian victory over the French in the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) is sometimes partly credited to the training of Prussian officers with the Kriegspiel. The first specific non-military wargame club was started in Oxford, England in the 19th century. H.G. Wells' book Little Wars was an attempt to codify rules for fighting battles with toy soldiers (miniatures), and make them available to the genera ...

See also:

Wargaming, Wargaming - History of wargaming, Wargaming - Tabletop wargaming miniature wargaming, Wargaming - Board wargaming, Wargaming - Computerized wargaming, Wargaming - Types of military wargaming, Wargaming - Environment, Wargaming - Historical period, Wargaming - Unit or map scale, Wargaming - Notable wargamers, Wargaming - Notable wargames, Wargaming - Wargames and wargaming as computer terms

Read more here: » Wargaming: Encyclopedia II - Wargaming - History of wargaming

Essentially, the structure of a Nac Mac Feegle clan is made up of a kelda (the female chieftain), her husband (the Big Man) and everyone else. Depending on how long the kelda has been kelda, the majority of the tribe will either be her brothers-in-law (ie, the sons of the previous kelda) or her sons. The kelda gives birth to up to twenty tiny baby Feegle at a time. Daughters are very rare and, on coming of age, leave to become kelda of another tribe, taking some brothers, ...

See also:

Nac Mac Feegle, Nac Mac Feegle - History, Nac Mac Feegle - Social structure, Nac Mac Feegle - Sayings, Nac Mac Feegle - Movie, Nac Mac Feegle - External link

Read more here: » Nac Mac Feegle: Encyclopedia II - Nac Mac Feegle - Social structure

Historically, the Hobbits are known to have originated in the Valley of Anduin, between Mirkwood and the Misty Mountains. According to The Lord of the Rings, they have lost the genealogical details of how they are related to the rest of humankind. At this time, there were three Hobbit-kinds, with different temperaments. The Harfoots, the most numerous, were almost identical to the Hobbits as they are described in The Hobbit. The Stoors had an affinity for water, boats and swimming; the Fallohides were an adventurous people. (Bo ...

See also:

Hobbit, Hobbit - Description, Hobbit - Origin, Hobbit - Etymology, Hobbit - Some well-known Hobbits, Hobbit - History, Hobbit - The theological nature of hobbits, Hobbit - Usage outside Tolkien, Hobbit - Notes

Read more here: » Hobbit: Encyclopedia II - Hobbit - History

Edith Tolkien was buried in Wolvercote Cemetery (North Oxford) and this name appears on her plaque: EDITH MARY TOLKIEN LUTHIEN 1889 – 1971 The name of Beren also appears on J.R.R. Tolkien's plaque: JOHN RONALD REUEL TOLKIEN BEREN 1892 – 1973 ...

See also:

Lúthien, Lúthien - Line of the Half-elven, Lúthien - On Edith's grave, Lúthien - Earlier versions, Lúthien - Inspirations

Read more here: » Lúthien: Encyclopedia II - Lúthien - On Edith's grave

After the conclusion of the War of Wrath, Manwë determined that the surviving half elven would have their choice of fates: to be counted as Elves, and granted eternal life in the Undying Lands; or to be counted as mortals, and granted the ineffable Gift of Men. This choice could be delayed, although not indefinitely. Eärendil would rather have chosen the kindred of Men, but he chose the Elves for his wife Elwing's sake, who chose the Elves. Eärendil would thereafter forever sail the heavens in his ship Vingilot, the Silmaril of Ber ...

See also:

Half-elven, Half-elven - The First Age, Half-elven - The Choice of the Half Elven, Half-elven - Line of the Half-elven, Half-elven - Other Lines

Read more here: » Half-elven: Encyclopedia II - Half-elven - The Choice of the Half Elven

The guttural R is common in northern Europe, and is the usual form of the consonant R in most of what is now France, Belgium, Netherlands, northern Germany and Denmark. The consonant is also found other parts of the world, but in most other places it has little or no cultural association nor interchangeability with the more common alveolar and retroflex /r/. Guttural R - Romance languages. The French language is perhaps the most well-known example of a guttural R language, to the extent that this p ...

See also:

Guttural R, Guttural R - Guttural R languages, Guttural R - Romance languages, Guttural R - Continental West Germanic, Guttural R - North Germanic, Guttural R - Sorbian, Guttural R - Semitic languages, Guttural R - Guttural Pseudo-R, Guttural R - Kalaallisut, Guttural R - J.R.R. Tolkien

Read more here: » Guttural R: Encyclopedia II - Guttural R - Guttural R languages

Eragon begins with a 15 year old boy, Eragon, finding a mysterious blue stone in The Spine, an untamed range of mountains near the small village he calls home, Carvahall. Eragon takes place in a land called Alagaësia, which is ruled by the evil, twisted king, Galbatorix, who was once one of the dragon riders until he lost his Dragon and was corrupted by madness after the dragon riders denied him another dragon. After being unable to sell or trade his find, Eragon soon witnesses a baby dragon hatch from inside the "stone." Dragons are ...

See also:

Eragon, Eragon - Introduction and cover flap summary, Eragon - Detailed plot summary, Eragon - Characters, Eragon - Release versions, Eragon - The Ancient Language, Eragon - Movie, Eragon - Critical reaction and rebuttal, Eragon - ISBNs

Read more here: » Eragon: Encyclopedia II - Eragon - Detailed plot summary

Tolkien understood Eru not as a "fictional deity" but as a name in a fictional language for the actual monotheistic God, although in a mythological or fictional context. In a draft of a letter of 1954 to Peter Hastings, manager of the Newman Bookshop (a Catholic bookshop in Oxford), Tolkien defended non-orthodox aspects as rightly within the scope of his mythos, as an exploration of the infinite "potential variety" of God (The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien, No. 153). Regarding the possibility of reincarnation of Elves, Hastings had writ ...

See also:

Eru Ilúvatar, Eru Ilúvatar - Eru as Creator God, Eru Ilúvatar - Tolkien on Eru, Eru Ilúvatar - Inspiration and development

Read more here: » Eru Ilúvatar: Encyclopedia II - Eru Ilúvatar - Tolkien on Eru

What follows is a brief and inevitably incomplete listing of characters from Tolkien's work who lived in Middle-earth, divided into First Age, Second Age, and Third Age. Note that characters are sorted according to several groups, and may appear multiple times. For a full list of characters see: List of Middle-earth characters. List of Middle-earth articles by category - First Age. House of Finwë Finwë Míriel (first wife of Finwë) Fëanor Indis (second wife of Finwë) Findis ...

See also:

List of Middle-earth articles by category, List of Middle-earth articles by category - Races, List of Middle-earth articles by category - Characters, List of Middle-earth articles by category - First Age, List of Middle-earth articles by category - Second Age, List of Middle-earth articles by category - Third Age, List of Middle-earth articles by category - Cosmology, List of Middle-earth articles by category - Historical periods, List of Middle-earth articles by category - Places, List of Middle-earth articles by category - Nations and large regions, List of Middle-earth articles by category - Natural features, List of Middle-earth articles by category - Cities fortresses and other populated places, List of Middle-earth articles by category - Miscellaneous, List of Middle-earth articles by category - Major languages, List of Middle-earth articles by category - Items, List of Middle-earth articles by category - Weapons, List of Middle-earth articles by category - Unions, List of Middle-earth articles by category - Battles, List of Middle-earth articles by category - Timeline

Read more here: » List of Middle-earth articles by category: Encyclopedia II - List of Middle-earth articles by category - Characters

Dark Land - Daughters of Finwë - Dragons - Drúedain - Drûg - Dúnedain - Dunlendings - Durin's folk - - Dwarves ...

See also:

List of Middle-earth peoples, List of Middle-earth peoples - A, List of Middle-earth peoples - B, List of Middle-earth peoples - C, List of Middle-earth peoples - D, List of Middle-earth peoples - E, List of Middle-earth peoples - F, List of Middle-earth peoples - G, List of Middle-earth peoples - H, List of Middle-earth peoples - I, List of Middle-earth peoples - K, List of Middle-earth peoples - L, List of Middle-earth peoples - M, List of Middle-earth peoples - N, List of Middle-earth peoples - O, List of Middle-earth peoples - P, List of Middle-earth peoples - Q, List of Middle-earth peoples - R, List of Middle-earth peoples - S, List of Middle-earth peoples - T, List of Middle-earth peoples - U, List of Middle-earth peoples - V, List of Middle-earth peoples - W

Read more here: » List of Middle-earth peoples: Encyclopedia II - List of Middle-earth peoples - D

Main article: History of Arda The history of Middle-earth is divided into three time periods, known as the Years of the Lamps, Years of the Trees and Years of the Sun. The Years of the Lamps began shortly after the Valar finished their labours in shaping Arda. The Valar created two lamps to illuminate the world, and the Vala Aulë forged great towers, one in the furthest north, and another in the deepest south. The Valar lived in the middle, at the island of Almaren. Melkor's destruction of ...

See also:

Middle-earth, Middle-earth - The name, Middle-earth - The world, Middle-earth - Cosmology, Middle-earth - Geography, Middle-earth - Peoples, Middle-earth - Languages, Middle-earth - History of Middle-earth, Middle-earth - Books, Middle-earth - Works by Tolkien, Middle-earth - Works by others, Middle-earth - Adaptations, Middle-earth - Films, Middle-earth - Games

Read more here: » Middle-earth: Encyclopedia II - Middle-earth - History of Middle-earth

Númenor was a rather large island in the middle of the Western Sea. The island itself was in the shape of a 5-point star, each point having its own geological and physical features. It was considered to be made up of six distinct regions, the five points plus a central area. Forostar (Northlands) Andustar (Westlands) Hyarnustar (Southwestlands) Hyarrostar (Southeastlands) Orrostar (Eastlands) ...

See also:

Númenor, Númenor - Geography, Númenor - Culture, Númenor - Plant life, Númenor - History

Read more here: » Númenor: Encyclopedia II - Númenor - Geography

Even before Arda was created Melkor was jealous of his creator, and he wanted to be king of other wills himself. He spent a long time looking for the Secret Fire, either unaware or uncomprehending that this was a quality exclusive to Eru and his servants through him. During his search, which took him far away from Eru and his brethren, his thoughts gradually became less and less in harmony with their own, and this was the beginning of his downfall. During the Music of the Ainur Melkor directly competed with Eru's theme, and managed to ...

See also:

Morgoth, Morgoth - History, Morgoth - Characteristics, Morgoth - Politics, Morgoth - Accomplishments, Morgoth - Names and titles, Morgoth - Powers, Morgoth - Appearance, Morgoth - Other versions of the legendarium

Read more here: » Morgoth: Encyclopedia II - Morgoth - History

List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Gryffindors. The Trio Harry Potter Ron Weasley Hermione Granger Same year as Harry Neville Longbottom Lavender Brown Seamus Finnigan Parvati Patil Dean Thomas 1 year older than Harry Katie Bell Cormac McLaggen 2 years older than Harry Fred and George We ...

See also:

List of characters in the Harry Potter books, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Students, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Gryffindors, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Ravenclaws, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Hufflepuffs, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Slytherins, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Hogwarts Students House Unknown, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Other Students Mentioned in J.K. Rowling's Character Notes, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Past Students, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Other Schools, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Professors and Hogwarts employees, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Hogwarts Headmasters and Headmistresses, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Heads of Houses, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Defence Against the Dark Arts Professors, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Other Hogwarts Professors, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Other Hogwarts Employees, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - OWL Ordinary Wizarding Levels Examiners, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Other schools, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Ghosts and Poltergeists, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Portraits, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Order of the Phoenix, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - During second war, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Double Agents, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Permanently incapacitated in first war, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Died in first war, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Dark wizards and witches, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Death Eaters, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Other, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Ministry of Magic, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Ministers of/for Magic, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Ministry Workers, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Aurors, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Members of the Wizengamot, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Other, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Quidditch Players, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Hogwarts Quidditch Players, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - International Quidditch Players, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Historical Witches and Wizards, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Chocolate Frog Characters, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Hogwarts Founders, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Other, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Minor Relatives of Major Characters, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Other wizards and witches, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Diagon Alley Knockturn Alley and Hogsmeade Related, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Healers, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Writers of books, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Musical Artists, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Miscellaneous, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Non-Magical Characters, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Squibs, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Muggles, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Other Characters, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Elves, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Goblins, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Giants, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Centaurs, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Werewolves, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Pets and Other Magical Beasts, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Owls, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Cats, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Dogs, List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Other

Read more here: » List of characters in the Harry Potter books: Encyclopedia II - List of characters in the Harry Potter books - Students

Akaneia - Dragon of Darkness and Sword of Light (Ankoku Ryuu to Hikari no Tsurugi) (1) (Famicom) / Mystery of the Emblem (Monshou no Nazo) (1 and 3) (Super Famicom) Base Class → Promoted Class You can get all of these classes on your team unless stated otherwise. Social Knight → Paladin Armor Knight → General Pegasus Knight → Dragon Knight Commando Thief Fighter Pirate (cannot join your team on Super Famicom version)See also:

List of character classes, List of character classes - Dungeons & Dragons including Advanced Dungeons & Dragons, List of character classes - Chainmail and Original D&D Men & Magic Volume I Monsters & Treasure Volume II and The Underworld & Wilderness Adventures Volume III, List of character classes - Classic Dungeons & Dragons The Basic Expert Companion Master and Immortals Dungeons & Dragons Rules & The Rules Cyclopedia - a compilation of the Basic through Immortals Rulebooks, List of character classes - First Edition Advanced Dungeons & Dragons, List of character classes - Second Edition Advanced Dungeons & Dragons, List of character classes - Third Edition Dungeons & Dragons including 3.5 Edition, List of character classes - Eberron Campaign Setting, List of character classes - Heroes of Horror, List of character classes - Alternity, List of character classes - Player's Handbook Professions, List of character classes - Legendary Adventure, List of character classes - The Legendary Rules for All Players, List of character classes - Ultima, List of character classes - Ultima I - II, List of character classes - Ultima III, List of character classes - Ultima IV - IX, List of character classes - Wizardry, List of character classes - 1 through 5, List of character classes - 6 7, List of character classes - 8, List of character classes - Dragon Quest, List of character classes - Dragon Quest 2, List of character classes - Dragon Quest 3, List of character classes - Dragon Quest 6, List of character classes - Dragon Quest 7, List of character classes - Final Fantasy, List of character classes - Final Fantasy I, List of character classes - Final Fantasy IV, List of character classes - Final Fantasy V, List of character classes - Final Fantasy Tactics, List of character classes - Other, List of character classes - Fire Emblem, List of character classes - Deadlands, List of character classes - Deadlands: The Weird West, List of character classes - Deadlands: Hell on Earth, List of character classes - Other games

Read more here: » List of character classes: Encyclopedia II - List of character classes - Fire Emblem