In science and technology, a battery is a device that stores energy and makes it available in an electrical form. Batteries consist of electrochemical devices such as one or more galvanic cells (or, more recently, fuel cells). The first possible evidence of batteries in history are the Baghdad Batteries from sometime between 250 BCE and 640 CE. The modern development of batteries started with the Voltaic pile developed by the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta in 1800. The worldwide battery industry generates 48 billion dollars ...

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Battery electricity - Cell vs. battery Battery electricity - Electrical component Battery electricity - Battery concepts
Battery electricity - Battery capacity Battery electricity - Battery lifetime Battery electricity - Battery explosion
Battery electricity - Common battery types
Battery electricity - Rechargeable and disposable batteries Battery electricity - Homemade cells Battery electricity - Traction batteries Battery electricity - Flow batteries
Battery electricity - Common battery sizes Battery electricity - List of battery sizes Battery electricity - History Battery electricity - Environmental considerations Battery electricity - The future
Battery electricity - People/inventors Battery electricity - Related electrical topics Battery electricity - Related electronics concepts Battery electricity - Chemicals used in construction Battery electricity - Related inventions Battery electricity - Other

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Desire A word whose shades of meaning range from mere animal desire to that of cosmic kama or eros which "first arose in It," bringing spirit into union with matter and giving rise to the creation or emanation of various classes of beings.

It can also be lofty spiritual aspiration, the yearning upwards with the undying desire for the divine, or impersonal love, or again, the urge to become united or one with others. Many words overlap it in meaning, such as will, attraction, love, and cupidity, and it is generally used as a translation of the Sanskrit kama.

Philosophically, it is often synonymous with abstract will, as when kama is called sometimes desire and sometimes will, so that will and desire seem to blend into one on the higher ranges. In the saying, behind will stands desire, will is a colorless force set in motion by desire, much as a current is set up by an electromotive force. From another viewpoint, will, as an abstract motor in the human constitution, arises from the higher or spiritual-intellectual ranges of the kama principle itself, for "Will and Desire are the higher and lower aspects of one and the same thing" (BCW 12:702).

See also KAMA; EROS

(See also: Desire, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Battery electricity - Battery capacity. The capacity of a battery to store charge is often expressed in ampere hours (1 A·h = 3600 coulombs). If a battery can provide one ampere (1 A) of current (flow) for one hour, it has a real-world capacity of 1 A·h. If it can provide 1 A for 100 hours, its capacity is 100 A·h. Because of the chemical reactions within the cells, the capacity of a battery depends on the discharge conditions such as the magnitude of the current, the duration of the current, the allowable terminal ...

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Battery electricity, Battery electricity - Cell vs. battery, Battery electricity - Electrical component, Battery electricity - Battery concepts, Battery electricity - Battery capacity, Battery electricity - Battery lifetime, Battery electricity - Battery explosion, Battery electricity - Common battery types, Battery electricity - Rechargeable and disposable batteries, Battery electricity - Homemade cells, Battery electricity - Traction batteries, Battery electricity - Flow batteries, Battery electricity - Common battery sizes, Battery electricity - List of battery sizes, Battery electricity - History, Battery electricity - Environmental considerations, Battery electricity - The future, Battery electricity - People/inventors, Battery electricity - Related electrical topics, Battery electricity - Related electronics concepts, Battery electricity - Chemicals used in construction, Battery electricity - Related inventions, Battery electricity - Other

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Inductance - Mutual inductance. Mutual inductance is the voltage induced in one circuit (the secondary circuit) when the current in another circuit (the primary circuit) changes by a unit amount in unit time. It is important as the mechanism by which transformers work, but it can also cause unwanted coupling between conductors in a circuit. The mutual inductance (in SI) by circuit i on circuit j is given by the double integral Neumann ...

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Inductance, Inductance - Definition, Inductance - Properties of inductance, Inductance - Permeability, Inductance - Coupled inductors, Inductance - Vector field theory derivations, Inductance - Mutual inductance, Inductance - Self-inductance, Inductance - Usage

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The flux through the ith circuit in a set is given by: so that the induced emf, , of a specific circuit, i, in any given set can be given directly by: ...

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Inductance, Inductance - Definition, Inductance - Properties of inductance, Inductance - Permeability, Inductance - Coupled inductors, Inductance - Vector field theory derivations, Inductance - Mutual inductance, Inductance - Self-inductance, Inductance - Usage

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The cells in a battery can be connected in parallel, series, or in both. A parallel combination of cells has the same voltage as a single cell, but can supply a higher current (the sum of the currents from all the cells). A series combination has the same current rating as a single cell but its voltage is the sum of the voltages of all the cells. Most practical electrochemical batteries, such as 9 volt flashlight (torch) batteries and 12 V automobile (car) batteries, have a series structure. Parallel arrangements suffer from the problem that ...

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Battery electricity, Battery electricity - Cell vs. battery, Battery electricity - Electrical component, Battery electricity - Battery concepts, Battery electricity - Battery capacity, Battery electricity - Battery lifetime, Battery electricity - Battery explosion, Battery electricity - Common battery types, Battery electricity - Rechargeable and disposable batteries, Battery electricity - Homemade cells, Battery electricity - Traction batteries, Battery electricity - Flow batteries, Battery electricity - Common battery sizes, Battery electricity - List of battery sizes, Battery electricity - History, Battery electricity - Environmental considerations, Battery electricity - The future, Battery electricity - People/inventors, Battery electricity - Related electrical topics, Battery electricity - Related electronics concepts, Battery electricity - Chemicals used in construction, Battery electricity - Related inventions, Battery electricity - Other

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Inductance is a measure of the amount of magnetic flux produced for a given electric current. where L is the inductance in henries, i is the current in amperes, Φ is the magnetic flux in webers Compare the above definition with that for capacitance. The symbol L is used for inductance in honour of the physicist Heinrich Lenz. The term inductance was coined by Oliver Heaviside in February 1886. The SI uni ...

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Inductance, Inductance - Definition, Inductance - Properties of inductance, Inductance - Permeability, Inductance - Coupled inductors, Inductance - Vector field theory derivations, Inductance - Mutual inductance, Inductance - Self-inductance, Inductance - Usage

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Disposable cells and some rechargeable cells come in a number of standard sizes, so the same battery type can be used in a wide variety of appliances. Some of the major types used in portable appliances include the A-series (A, AA, AAA, AAAA), B, C, D, F, G, J, and N, 3R12, 4R25 and variants, PP3 and PP9, and the lantern 996 and PC926. These and less common types are included in the list of battery sizes appearing in the following section (the list can be opened as a separate page as well). A good cross-reference of different manufacturer's batte ...

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Battery electricity, Battery electricity - Cell vs. battery, Battery electricity - Electrical component, Battery electricity - Battery concepts, Battery electricity - Battery capacity, Battery electricity - Battery lifetime, Battery electricity - Battery explosion, Battery electricity - Common battery types, Battery electricity - Rechargeable and disposable batteries, Battery electricity - Homemade cells, Battery electricity - Traction batteries, Battery electricity - Flow batteries, Battery electricity - Common battery sizes, Battery electricity - List of battery sizes, Battery electricity - History, Battery electricity - Environmental considerations, Battery electricity - The future, Battery electricity - People/inventors, Battery electricity - Related electrical topics, Battery electricity - Related electronics concepts, Battery electricity - Chemicals used in construction, Battery electricity - Related inventions, Battery electricity - Other

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The cells in a battery can be connected in parallel or in series, or both. A parallel combination of cells has the same voltage as a single cell, but can supply a higher current (the sum of the currents from all the cells). A series combination has the same current rating as a single cell but its voltage is the sum of the voltages of all the cells. Most practical electrochemical batteries, such as 9 volt flashlight (torch) batteries and 12 V automobile (car) batteries, have a series structure. Parallel arrangements suffer from the problem th ...

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Battery electricity, Battery electricity - Cell vs. battery, Battery electricity - Electrical component, Battery electricity - Battery concepts, Battery electricity - Battery capacity, Battery electricity - Battery lifetime, Battery electricity - Battery explosion, Battery electricity - Common battery types, Battery electricity - Rechargeable and disposable batteries, Battery electricity - Homemade cells, Battery electricity - Traction batteries, Battery electricity - Flow batteries, Battery electricity - Common battery sizes, Battery electricity - List of battery sizes, Battery electricity - History, Battery electricity - Environmental considerations, Battery electricity - The future, Battery electricity - People/inventors, Battery electricity - Related electrical topics, Battery electricity - Related electronics concepts, Battery electricity - Chemicals used in construction, Battery electricity - Related inventions, Battery electricity - Other

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Battery electricity - Rechargeable and disposable batteries. From a user's viewpoint, at least, batteries can be generally divided into two main types—rechargeable and non-rechargeable (disposable). Each is in wide usage. Disposable batteries, also called primary cells, are intended to be used once, until the chemical changes that induce the electrical current supply are complete, at which point the battery is discarded. These are most commonly used in smaller, portable devices with either low current drain, only used intermi ...

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Battery electricity, Battery electricity - Cell vs. battery, Battery electricity - Electrical component, Battery electricity - Battery concepts, Battery electricity - Battery capacity, Battery electricity - Battery lifetime, Battery electricity - Battery explosion, Battery electricity - Common battery types, Battery electricity - Rechargeable and disposable batteries, Battery electricity - Homemade cells, Battery electricity - Traction batteries, Battery electricity - Flow batteries, Battery electricity - Common battery sizes, Battery electricity - List of battery sizes, Battery electricity - History, Battery electricity - Environmental considerations, Battery electricity - The future, Battery electricity - People/inventors, Battery electricity - Related electrical topics, Battery electricity - Related electronics concepts, Battery electricity - Chemicals used in construction, Battery electricity - Related inventions, Battery electricity - Other

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6V Note: 6 V, 9 V, and 12 V batteries are commonly made using multiple 1.5 V cells placed in series. See electrochemical cell. When rechargeables (NiMH or NiCd) are used, the total voltage must be multiplied by 0.83 as a single cell is 1.24 V instead of 1.5 V. The relevant European standard is IEC 60086-1 Primary batteries - Part 1: General (BS397 in the UK). The relevant US standard is ANSI C18.1 American National Standard for Dry Cells and Batteries-Specifications. An extensive series of articles on many aspects ...

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Battery electricity, Battery electricity - Cell vs. battery, Battery electricity - Electrical component, Battery electricity - Battery concepts, Battery electricity - Battery capacity, Battery electricity - Battery lifetime, Battery electricity - Battery explosion, Battery electricity - Common battery types, Battery electricity - Rechargeable and disposable batteries, Battery electricity - Homemade cells, Battery electricity - Traction batteries, Battery electricity - Flow batteries, Battery electricity - Common battery sizes, Battery electricity - List of battery sizes, Battery electricity - History, Battery electricity - Environmental considerations, Battery electricity - The future, Battery electricity - People/inventors, Battery electricity - Related electrical topics, Battery electricity - Related electronics concepts, Battery electricity - Chemicals used in construction, Battery electricity - Related inventions, Battery electricity - Other

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There is some evidence—in the form of the Baghdad Batteries from sometime between 250 BCE and 640 CE (while Baghdad was under Parthian and Sassanian dynasties of ancient Persia) of galvanic cells having been used in ancient times. Such ancient knowledge in the history of electricity bears no known continuous relationship to the development of modern batteries. The hypothesis that these devices had an electrical function, while plausible, remains unproven, as with devices discovered in Egyptian ...

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Battery electricity, Battery electricity - Cell vs. battery, Battery electricity - Electrical component, Battery electricity - Battery concepts, Battery electricity - Battery capacity, Battery electricity - Battery lifetime, Battery electricity - Battery explosion, Battery electricity - Common battery types, Battery electricity - Rechargeable and disposable batteries, Battery electricity - Homemade cells, Battery electricity - Traction batteries, Battery electricity - Flow batteries, Battery electricity - Common battery sizes, Battery electricity - List of battery sizes, Battery electricity - History, Battery electricity - Environmental considerations, Battery electricity - The future, Battery electricity - People/inventors, Battery electricity - Related electrical topics, Battery electricity - Related electronics concepts, Battery electricity - Chemicals used in construction, Battery electricity - Related inventions, Battery electricity - Other

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Initial research indicates that nanotechnology batteries employing carbon nanotubes will have twice the life of traditional modern batteries. A new form of battery is in development called Power Paper. This thin, flexible battery comes in the form of ink cells which can be printed on to virtually any surface and produce power. Future cell management is able to condition one cell while the others are in ...

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Battery electricity, Battery electricity - Cell vs. battery, Battery electricity - Electrical component, Battery electricity - Battery concepts, Battery electricity - Battery capacity, Battery electricity - Battery lifetime, Battery electricity - Battery explosion, Battery electricity - Common battery types, Battery electricity - Rechargeable and disposable batteries, Battery electricity - Homemade cells, Battery electricity - Traction batteries, Battery electricity - Flow batteries, Battery electricity - Common battery sizes, Battery electricity - List of battery sizes, Battery electricity - History, Battery electricity - Environmental considerations, Battery electricity - The future, Battery electricity - People/inventors, Battery electricity - Related electrical topics, Battery electricity - Related electronics concepts, Battery electricity - Chemicals used in construction, Battery electricity - Related inventions, Battery electricity - Other

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