Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry and studies the reactions that can take place at the interface of an electronic conductor (the electrode, which can be a metal or a semiconductor including graphite) and an ionic conductor (the electrolyte). If a chemical reaction is caused by an external voltage, or if a voltage is caused by a chemical reaction, as in a Battery (electricity), it is an electrochemical reaction. In general, electrochemistry deals with situations where an oxidation and a reduction reaction is separ ...

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Electrochemistry - History Electrochemistry - Principles
Electrochemistry - Oxidation and Reduction Electrochemistry - Spontaneity

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Electrochemistry, Electrochemistry - History, Electrochemistry - Principles, Electrochemistry - Oxidation and Reduction, Electrochemistry - Spontaneity

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The term quantum (Latin, "how much") refers to the discrete units that the theory assigns to certain physical quantities, such as the energy of an atom at rest (see Figure 1, at right). The discovery that waves could be measured in particle-like small packets of energy called quanta led to the branch of physics that deals with atomic and subatomic systems which we today call Quantum Mechanics. The foundations of quantum mechanics were established during the first half of the 20th century by Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Niels Bo ...

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Quantum mechanics, Quantum mechanics - Introduction, Quantum mechanics - Description of the theory, Quantum mechanics - Quantum mechanical effects, Quantum mechanics - Mathematical formulation, Quantum mechanics - Interactions with other scientific theories, Quantum mechanics - Applications of quantum theory, Quantum mechanics - Philosophical consequences, Quantum mechanics - History, Quantum mechanics - Founding experiments, Quantum mechanics - Notes

Read more here: » Quantum mechanics: Encyclopedia II - Quantum mechanics - Introduction

Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry and studies the reactions that can take place at the interface of an electronic conductor (the electrode, which can be a metal or a semiconductor including graphite) and an ionic conductor (the electrolyte). If a chemical reaction is caused by an external voltage, or if a voltage is caused by a chemical reaction, as in a Battery (electricity), it is an electrochemical reaction. In general, electrochemistry deals with situations where an oxidation and a reduction reaction is separ ...

Including:

Electrochemistry - History Electrochemistry - Principles
Electrochemistry - Spontaneity

Read more here: » Electrochemistry: Encyclopedia - Electrochemistry

Quantum mechanics is a fundamental physical theory that replaces Newtonian mechanics and classical electromagnetism at the atomic and subatomic levels and is the underlying framework of many fields of physics and chemistry, including condensed matter physics, quantum chemistry, and particle physics. Along with general relativity, it is one of the pillars of modern physics. Quantum mechanics - Introduction. The term quantum (Latin, "how much") refers to the discrete units that the theory assign ...

Including:

Quantum mechanics - Introduction Quantum mechanics - Description of the theory
Quantum mechanics - Quantum mechanical effects Quantum mechanics - Mathematical formulation Quantum mechanics - Interactions with other scientific theories
Quantum mechanics - Applications of quantum theory Quantum mechanics - Philosophical consequences Quantum mechanics - History
Quantum mechanics - Founding experiments
Quantum mechanics - Notes

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Bra-ket notation | Commutation relation | Heisenberg picture | Schrödinger picture | Wavefunction | Measurement in quantum mechanics | Semiclassical | Path integral | WKB approximation | Quantum logic | Quantum operation | Quantum field theory | Wightman axioms | Statistical ensemble | Wigner quasi-probability distribution Matrix mechanics, Hamiltonian | Particle in a box | Particle in a ring | Particle in a spherically symmetric potential | Quantum harmonic oscillator | Hydrogen ...

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Quantum mechanics, Quantum mechanics - Introduction, Quantum mechanics - Description of the theory, Quantum mechanics - Quantum mechanical effects, Quantum mechanics - Mathematical formulation, Quantum mechanics - Interactions with other scientific theories, Quantum mechanics - Applications of quantum theory, Quantum mechanics - Philosophical consequences, Quantum mechanics - History, Quantum mechanics - Founding experiments, Quantum mechanics - Notes

Read more here: » Quantum mechanics: Encyclopedia II - Quantum mechanics - Description of the theory

Quantum mechanics has had enormous success in explaining many of the features of our world. The individual behavior of the microscopic particles that make up all forms of matter - electrons, protons, neutrons, and so forth - can often only be satisfactorily described using quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is important for understanding how individual atoms combine to form chemicals. The application of quantum mechanics to chemistry is known as quantum chemistry. Quantum mechanics can provide quantitative insight into chemical bond ...

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Quantum mechanics, Quantum mechanics - Introduction, Quantum mechanics - Description of the theory, Quantum mechanics - Quantum mechanical effects, Quantum mechanics - Mathematical formulation, Quantum mechanics - Interactions with other scientific theories, Quantum mechanics - Applications of quantum theory, Quantum mechanics - Philosophical consequences, Quantum mechanics - History, Quantum mechanics - Founding experiments, Quantum mechanics - Notes

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Since its inception, the many counter-intuitive results of quantum mechanics have provoked strong philosophical debate and many interpretations. Even fundamental issues such as Max Born's basic rules concerning probability amplitudes and probability distributions took decades to be appreciated. The Copenhagen interpretation, due largely to Niels Bohr, is the interpretation of quantum mechanics most widely accepted amongst physicists. According to it, the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics predictions cannot be explained in term ...

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Quantum mechanics, Quantum mechanics - Introduction, Quantum mechanics - Description of the theory, Quantum mechanics - Quantum mechanical effects, Quantum mechanics - Mathematical formulation, Quantum mechanics - Interactions with other scientific theories, Quantum mechanics - Applications of quantum theory, Quantum mechanics - Philosophical consequences, Quantum mechanics - History, Quantum mechanics - Founding experiments, Quantum mechanics - Notes

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In 1900, Max Planck introduced the idea that energy is quantized, in order to derive a formula for the observed frequency dependence of the energy emitted by a black body. In 1905, Einstein explained the photoelectric effect by postulating that light energy comes in quanta called photons. The idea that each photon had to consist of energy in terms of quanta was a remarkable achievement as it effectively removed the possibility of black body radiation attaining infinite energy (which would be obviously ridiculous!) if it were to be explained ...

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Quantum mechanics, Quantum mechanics - Introduction, Quantum mechanics - Description of the theory, Quantum mechanics - Quantum mechanical effects, Quantum mechanics - Mathematical formulation, Quantum mechanics - Interactions with other scientific theories, Quantum mechanics - Applications of quantum theory, Quantum mechanics - Philosophical consequences, Quantum mechanics - History, Quantum mechanics - Founding experiments, Quantum mechanics - Notes

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Quantum mechanics has had enormous success in explaining many of the features of our world. The individual behavior of the subatomic particles that make up all forms of matter - electrons, protons, neutrons, and so forth - can often only be satisfactorily described using quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is important for understanding how individual atoms combine to form chemicals. The application of quantum mechanics to chemistry is known as quantum chemistry. Quantum mechanics can provide quantitative insight into chemical bondin ...

See also:

Quantum mechanics, Quantum mechanics - Introduction, Quantum mechanics - Description of the theory, Quantum mechanics - Quantum mechanical effects, Quantum mechanics - Mathematical formulation, Quantum mechanics - Interactions with other scientific theories, Quantum mechanics - Applications of quantum theory, Quantum mechanics - Philosophical consequences, Quantum mechanics - History, Quantum mechanics - Founding experiments, Quantum mechanics - Notes

Read more here: » Quantum mechanics: Encyclopedia II - Quantum mechanics - Applications of quantum theory

The study of electrochemistry led G. Johnstone Stoney to postulate the existence of the electron (denoted e-) in 1874 as a constituent of the atom. It was observed in 1897 by J. J. Thomson. Subsequent speculation about the structure of atoms was severely constrained by the 1907 experiment of Ernest Rutherford which showed that the atom was mostly empty space, and almost all its mass was concentrated into the (relatively) tiny atomic nucleus. The development of the quantum theory led to the understanding of chemistry in term ...

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Subatomic particle, Subatomic particle - Dividing an atom, Subatomic particle - Classification of subatomic particles, Subatomic particle - Elementary particles, Subatomic particle - Conjectures and predictions, Subatomic particle - Composite particles, Subatomic particle - History

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The electron as a unit of charge in electrochemistry was posited by G. Johnstone Stoney in 1874, who also coined usage of "electron" in 1894. The discovery that the electron was a subatomic particle was made in 1897 by J.J. Thomson at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University, while he was studying "cathode rays". Influenced by the work of James Clerk Maxwell, and the discovery of the X-ray, he deduced that cathode rays existed and were negatively charged "particles", which he called "corpuscles". ...

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Electron, Electron - Overview, Electron - In practice, Electron - Classification, Electron - Properties and behavior, Electron - In the universe, Electron - In industry, Electron - In the laboratory, Electron - Early experiments, Electron - Usage, Electron - In theory, Electron - History

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List of publications in chemistry - Méthode de Nomenclature Chimique. Guyton de Morveau, L. B.; Lavoisier, A. L.; Berthollet, C. L.; de Fourcroy, A. F. Méthode de Nomenclature Chimique, Paris, 1787, available in English as Chymical Nomenclature. Some details and a picture available at IUPAC_nomenclature#History Description: This publication laid out a logical system for naming chemical substances (ma ...

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List of publications in chemistry, List of publications in chemistry - Foundations, List of publications in chemistry - Méthode de Nomenclature Chimique, List of publications in chemistry - The Dependence Between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the Elements, List of publications in chemistry - Organic chemistry, List of publications in chemistry - March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions Mechanisms and Structure, List of publications in chemistry - The Logic of Chemical Synthesis, List of publications in chemistry - Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, List of publications in chemistry - Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, List of publications in chemistry - Comprehensive Organic Transformations, List of publications in chemistry - Inorganic chemistry, List of publications in chemistry - Chemical Applications of Group Theory, List of publications in chemistry - Inorganic Chemistry, List of publications in chemistry - Physical chemistry, List of publications in chemistry - Introduction to Quantum Mechanics with Applications to Chemistry, List of publications in chemistry - The Nature of the Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals; An Introduction to Modern Structural Chemistry, List of publications in chemistry - A Chemist's Guide to Density Functional Theory, List of publications in chemistry - Biochemistry, List of publications in chemistry - A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid, List of publications in chemistry - Analytical chemistry, List of publications in chemistry - Quantitative Analysis, List of publications in chemistry - Materials science, List of publications in chemistry - Polymer chemistry, List of publications in chemistry - Biomacromolecules, List of publications in chemistry - European Polymer Journal, List of publications in chemistry - Journal of Applied Polymer Science, List of publications in chemistry - Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, List of publications in chemistry - Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, List of publications in chemistry - Langmuir, List of publications in chemistry - Macromolecules, List of publications in chemistry - Polymer, List of publications in chemistry - Environmental chemistry, List of publications in chemistry - Pharmacology, List of publications in chemistry - Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved: A Chemical Love Story Pihkal: A Chemical Love Story, List of publications in chemistry - Tryptamines I Have Known And Loved: The Chemistry Continues Tihkal: The Continuation, List of publications in chemistry - Thermochemistry, List of publications in chemistry - Nuclear chemistry, List of publications in chemistry - Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, List of publications in chemistry - Radioactivity Ionizing radiation and Nuclear Energy, List of publications in chemistry - Electrochemistry, List of publications in chemistry - Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications, List of publications in chemistry - Computational Chemistry, List of publications in chemistry - Supramolecular chemistry, List of publications in chemistry - Medicinal chemistry, List of publications in chemistry - The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry, List of publications in chemistry - Combinatorial chemistry

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