An electric shock can occur upon contact of a human or animal body with any source of voltage high enough to cause sufficient current flow through the muscles or nerves. The minimum detectable current in humans is thought to be about 1 mA. The current may cause tissue damage or heart fibrillation if it is sufficiently high. Electric shock - Description. An electric shock is usually painful and can be lethal. The level of voltage is not a direct guide to the level of injury or danger of death, despite the co ...

Including:

• Electric shock - Description
• Electric shock - 'Let go' current
• Electric shock - Shock effects
• Electric shock - Psychological
• Electric shock - Physiological
• Electric shock - Issues affecting lethality
• Electric shock - Avoiding danger of shock
• Electric shock - Shock due to differing ground potentials
• Electric shock - First aid
• Electric shock - Deliberate uses
• Electric shock - Electric shock as medical treatment
• Electric shock - Torture
• Electric shock - Capital punishment
• Electric shock - Games

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Electric shock, Electric shock - Description, Electric shock - 'Let go' current, Electric shock - Shock effects, Electric shock - Psychological, Electric shock - Physiological, Electric shock - Issues affecting lethality, Electric shock - Avoiding danger of shock, Electric shock - Shock due to differing ground potentials, Electric shock - First aid, Electric shock - Deliberate uses, Electric shock - Electric shock as medical treatment, Electric shock - Torture, Electric shock - Capital punishment, Electric shock - Games

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Electric shock - Psychological. The perception of electric shock can be different depending on the voltage, duration, current, path taken, etc. Current entering the hand has a threshold of perception of about 5 to 10 milliamperes (mA) for DC and about 1 to 10 mA for AC at 60 Hz. Electric shock - Physiological. Tissue heating due to resistance can cause extensive and deep burns. High-voltage (> 500 to 1000 V) shocks tend to cause internal burns due to the large energy (which is proportional to the square of the voltage) available from the source. Damage d ...

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Electric shock, Electric shock - Description, Electric shock - 'Let go' current, Electric shock - Shock effects, Electric shock - Psychological, Electric shock - Physiological, Electric shock - Issues affecting lethality, Electric shock - Point of Entry, Electric shock - Avoiding danger of shock, Electric shock - Shock due to differing ground potentials, Electric shock - First aid, Electric shock - Deliberate uses, Electric shock - Electric shock as medical treatment, Electric shock - Torture, Electric shock - Capital punishment, Electric shock - Games

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An electric shock is usually painful and can be lethal. The level of voltage is not a direct guide to the level of injury or danger of death, despite the common misconception that it is. Physiological effects and damage are generally determined by current and duration. Even a low voltage causing a current of extended duration can be fatal. It should be noted, however, that Ohm's Law directly correlates voltage and current for a given resistance; thus, for a particular path through the body under a particular set of conditions, a higher voltage will produce a higher current flow. See also:

Electric shock, Electric shock - Description, Electric shock - 'Let go' current, Electric shock - Shock effects, Electric shock - Psychological, Electric shock - Physiological, Electric shock - Issues affecting lethality, Electric shock - Avoiding danger of shock, Electric shock - Shock due to differing ground potentials, Electric shock - First aid, Electric shock - Deliberate uses, Electric shock - Electric shock as medical treatment, Electric shock - Torture, Electric shock - Capital punishment, Electric shock - Games

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Other issues affecting lethality are frequency, which is an issue in causing cardiac arrest or muscular spasms, and pathway - if the current passes through the chest or head there is an increased chance of death. From a mains circuit the damage is more likely to be internal, leading to cardiac arrest. The comparison between the dangers of alternating current and direct current has been a subject of debate ever since the War of Currents in the 1880s. DC tends to cause continuous muscular contractions that make the victim hold on to a l ...

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Electric shock, Electric shock - Description, Electric shock - 'Let go' current, Electric shock - Shock effects, Electric shock - Psychological, Electric shock - Physiological, Electric shock - Issues affecting lethality, Electric shock - Point of Entry, Electric shock - Avoiding danger of shock, Electric shock - Shock due to differing ground potentials, Electric shock - First aid, Electric shock - Deliberate uses, Electric shock - Electric shock as medical treatment, Electric shock - Torture, Electric shock - Capital punishment, Electric shock - Games

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The ampere (symbol: A) is the SI base unit of electrical current equal to one coulomb per second. It is named after André-Marie Ampère, one of the main discoverers of electromagnetism. Ampere - Definition. The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 metre apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2×10–7 newton per metre of length. ...

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• Ampere - Definition
• Ampere - Explanation
• Ampere - External link

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The volt (symbol: V) is the SI derived unit of electric potential difference. The number of volts is a measure of the strength of an electrical source in the sense of how much power is produced for a given current level. It is named in honor of Alessandro Volta (1745–1827), who invented the voltaic pile, the first chemical battery. Volt - Definition. The volt is defined as the potential difference across a conductor when a current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power. Hence, it is the base SI repres ...

Including:

• Volt - Definition
• Volt - Explanation
• Volt - Electrical potential difference voltage
• Volt - Hydraulic analogy
• Volt - Technical definition
• Volt - Useful formulae
• Volt - DC circuits
• Volt - AC circuits
• Volt - AC conversions
• Volt - Total voltage
• Volt - Voltage drops
• Volt - Examples
• Volt - Voltage sources
• Volt - Common voltages
• Volt - Measuring instruments
• Volt - History of the volt

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Through electricity or drug therapy, cardioversion converts heart arrhythmias to normal rhythms. Similar to defibrillation, cardioversion differs in that it uses much lower electricity levels. Cardioversion may also be done through medication instead of an electrical shock. In the case of electrical shock, the patient lies flatly on the back with an electrical conducting pad placed on the lower back and the upper chest. These pads are connected to an ECG machine which is also capable of delivering current. When the patie ...

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• Cardioversion - External link

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ESP can mean: In the paranormal: Extra-sensory perception Effective Sensory Projection In music: E.S.P., an album by Miles Davis Ectopic Shapeshifting Penance-propulsion on The Mars Volta's De-Loused in the Comatorium The Electric Soft Parade, a British band ESP Disk Records a 1960s free jazz record label based in New York ESP Guitars In technology: Electronic Shock Protection in Sony CD players

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Load may mean: The structural load or forces (weights, wind or water pressure, earthquake shocks, .etc..) applied to a structure. The load of a mutual fund The genetic load of a population The parasite load of an organism Load (album), by Metallica External electric load, a device connected to the output of a circuit Load (computing), a measure of how much processing a computer p ...

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In the electrical appliance manufacturing industry, the following IEC protection classes are used to differentiate between the protective-earth connection requirements of devices. Appliance classes - Class 0. These appliances have no protective-earth connection and feature only a single level of insulation. They were intended for use in dry areas. In most countries, the sale of Class 0 mains-voltage appliances is prohibited today, as a single fault could cause an electric shock or other dangerous occurrence ...

Including:

• Appliance classes - Class 0
• Appliance classes - Class I
• Appliance classes - Class II
• Appliance classes - Class III
• Appliance classes - External link

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An automated external defibrillator (AED) is a portable electronic device that diagnoses and treats cardiac arrest by reestablishing an effective heart rhythm. This treatment is called defibrillation, which applies an electric shock to the entire heart muscle, uniformly clearing the electrical activity of the heart, hopefully allowing it to resynchronize. The use of AEDs is taught in many basic life support (BLS) classes. Automated external defibrillator - When an AED is indicated. An automate ...

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• Automated external defibrillator - When an AED is indicated
• Automated external defibrillator - Where AEDs are found
• Automated external defibrillator - How an AED works
• Automated external defibrillator - Simplicity of AED use
• Automated external defibrillator - Liability

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Lightning is a powerful natural electrostatic discharge produced during a thunderstorm. Lightning's abrupt electric discharge is accompanied by the emission of visible light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation. The electric current passing through the discharge channels rapidly heats and expands the air into plasma, producing acoustic shock waves (thunder) in the atmosphere. Lightning - Early lightning research. During early investigations into electricity via Leyden jars and other instruments, a n ...

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• Lightning - Early lightning research
• Lightning - Modern research
• Lightning - How lightning is formed
• Lightning - Types of lightning
• Lightning - Intracloud lightning sheet lightning anvil crawlers
• Lightning - Cloud-to-ground lightning anvil lightning
• Lightning - Bead lightning ribbon lightning staccato lightning
• Lightning - Cloud-to-cloud lightning
• Lightning - Ground-to-cloud lightning
• Lightning - Heat lightning or summer lightning
• Lightning - Ball lightning
• Lightning - Sprites elves jets and other upper atmospheric lightning
• Lightning - Streak lightning
• Lightning - Triggered lightning
• Lightning - Lightning throughout the Solar System
• Lightning - Lightning safety
• Lightning - Facts and Trivia

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The first practical electric chair was invented by Harold P. Brown. Brown was an employee of Thomas Edison's, hired for the purpose of researching electrocution and for the development of the electric chair. Since Brown worked for Edison, and Edison promoted Brown's work, the development of the electric chair is often erroneously credited to Edison himself. Brown's design was based on Alternating Current (AC), which was then just emerging as the rival to Edison's less transport-efficient Direct Current (DC), which was further along in commercial development. The decision to use AC was entirely driven by Edison's attempt ...

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Electric chair, Electric chair - History, Electric chair - Method, Electric chair - Decline, Electric chair - Electric chair in popular culture, Electric chair - Trivia

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Because it is a base unit, the definition of the ampere is not tied to any other electrical unit. The definition for the ampere is equivalent to fixing a value of the permeability of vacuum to μ0 = 4π×10−7 H/m. Prior to 1948, the so-called "international ampere" was used, defined in terms of the electrolytic deposition rate of silver. The older unit is equal to 0.999 85 A. The ampere is most accurately realised using an ampere balance, but is in practice maintained via Ohm's Law from the uni ...

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Ampere, Ampere - Definition, Ampere - Explanation

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Because it is a base unit, the definition of the ampere is not tied to any other electrical unit. The definition for the ampere is equivalent to fixing a value of the permeability of vacuum to μ0 = 4π×10−7 H/m. Prior to 1948, the so-called "international ampere" was used, defined in terms of the electrolytic deposition rate of silver. The older unit is equal to 0.999 85 A. The ampere is most accurately realised using an ampere balance, but is in practice maintained via Ohm's Law from the uni ...

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Ampere, Ampere - Definition, Ampere - Explanation, Ampere - External link

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The popularity of the electric chair declined in following years as legislators sought more "humane" methods of execution. Lethal injection became the most popular method, helped by newspaper accounts of botched electrocutions in the early 1980s. As of 2004, the only places in the world still having the electric chair as an option are the U.S. states of Alabama, Florida, Nebraska, South Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia. Except for Nebraska, where it remains the only method of execution, inmates in the other states must selec ...

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Electric chair, Electric chair - History, Electric chair - Method, Electric chair - Decline, Electric chair - Electric chair in popular culture, Electric chair - Trivia

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The electrical potential difference can be thought of as the ability to move electrical charge through a resistance. In essence, the volt measures how much kinetic energy each electron carries. The number of electrons is measured by the charge, in coulombs. Thus the volt is multiplied by the current flow, in amperes which are one coulomb per second, to yield the total electrical power in the current, in Watts. At a time in physics when the word force was used loosely, the potential difference was named the electromotive force or emf - a term which is still used in certain contexts. Volt - Electrical ...

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Volt, Volt - Definition, Volt - Explanation, Volt - Electrical potential difference voltage, Volt - Hydraulic analogy, Volt - Technical definition, Volt - Useful formulae, Volt - DC circuits, Volt - AC circuits, Volt - AC conversions, Volt - Total voltage, Volt - Voltage drops, Volt - Examples, Volt - Voltage sources, Volt - Common voltages, Volt - Measuring instruments, Volt - History of the volt

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The condemned prisoner is typically strapped into the chair, with one electrode attached to the head and a second attached to the leg. At least two jolts of an electrical current would be applied for several minutes, depending on the person. An initial voltage of around 2,000 volts is used to break the initial resistance of the skin and cause unconsciousness (in theory — people surviving to tell the tale are rare). The voltage is then lowered to reduce current flow so as to prevent burning. A current flow of around 8 amps is usual. The body of the condemned would heat up to 138°F (59°C), and the electric current woul ...

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Electric chair, Electric chair - History, Electric chair - Method, Electric chair - Decline, Electric chair - Electric chair in popular culture, Electric chair - Trivia

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There are unconfirmed reports that conventional close-quarter combat weapons (swords, maces, arrows, spears, harpoons) have been adapted to deliver electric shocks (sometimes fatal) on contact. See also cattle prod, or electric shock prod. ...

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Electroshock gun, Electroshock gun - Commercially available varieties, Electroshock gun - Electric shock prods, Electroshock gun - Hand-held projectile stun gun, Electroshock gun - Stun belts, Electroshock gun - Prototype designs, Electroshock gun - Weapons that administer electric shock through a stream of liquid, Electroshock gun - Principles of operation, Electroshock gun - Discussion, Electroshock gun - Legal restrictions, Electroshock gun - Flammability, Electroshock gun - Political suppression, Electroshock gun - Torture, Electroshock gun - Doubts over their effectiveness as self-defense weapons, Electroshock gun - Other types, Electroshock gun - Patents

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