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Elector of Saxony | A Wisdom Archive on Elector of Saxony | | Elector of Saxony A selection of articles related to Elector of Saxony | |
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Elector of Saxony
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Elector of Saxony | | | |  Elector of Saxony: Encyclopedia II - Elizabeth Farnese - Life accountHer mother educated her in strict seclusion, but seclusion altogether failed to tame her imperious and ambitious temper. At the age of twenty-one (1714) she was married by proxy at Parma to Philip V of Spain. The marriage was arranged by Cardinal Alberoni, with the concurrence of the Princess des Ursins, the Camerara Mayor.
On arriving at the borders of Spain, Elizabeth was met by the Princess des Ursins, but received her sternly, and, perhaps in accordance with a plan previously concerted with the king, at once ordered her to ...
See also:Elizabeth Farnese, Elizabeth Farnese - Maternal ancestry, Elizabeth Farnese - Life account, Elizabeth Farnese - List of children, Elizabeth Farnese - Reference Read more here: » Elizabeth Farnese: Encyclopedia II - Elizabeth Farnese - Life account |
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| | | | | Elector of Saxony: Encyclopedia II - Thirty Years' War - Swedish-French intervention Period: 1636–1648
France, though a largely Catholic country, was a rival of the Holy Roman Empire and Spain, and now entered the war on the Protestant side. Cardinal Richelieu, the Chief Minister of King Louis XIII of France, felt that the Habsburgs were still too powerful, since they held a number of territories on France's eastern border and had influence in the Netherlands.
France therefore allied itself with the Dutch and Sweden. Spain, in retaliation, invaded French territory. The Imperial general Johann von Werth ...
See also:Thirty Years' War, Thirty Years' War - Origins of the War, Thirty Years' War - The Bohemian Revolt, Thirty Years' War - Danish intervention, Thirty Years' War - Swedish intervention, Thirty Years' War - Swedish-French intervention, Thirty Years' War - The Peace of Westphalia, Thirty Years' War - Casualties and disease, Thirty Years' War - Political consequences, Thirty Years' War - List of battles in the Thirty Years' War Read more here: » Thirty Years' War: Encyclopedia II - Thirty Years' War - Swedish-French intervention |
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| | | | | Elector of Saxony: Encyclopedia II - Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Hainault
Genealogy of the British Royal Family - House of Avesnes.
Philippa of Hainault, daughter of William III, Count of Hainaut and Jeanne of Valois.
William III, Count of Hainaut, son of John II, Count of Hainaut and Philippine of Luxemburg.
John II, Count of Hainaut, son of John I, Count of Hainaut and Adelaide of Holland.
John I, Count of Hainaut, son of Countes ...
See also:Genealogy of the British Royal Family, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Mountbatten-Windsors, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - House of Windsor, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Oldenburg, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Hanovers, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Palatine / Wittelsbach, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Stuarts, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Ancestors of Mary I of Scotland, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Bruces, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Huntingdons, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Celtic Kings, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Tudors, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Yorkists, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Castilians, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - House of Burgundy, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Jiménez Dynasty, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Beauforts, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Plantagenets/Angevins, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Hainault, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - House of Avesnes, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - House of Flanders, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Aquitaines, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Franks, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Normans, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Vikings Read more here: » Genealogy of the British Royal Family: Encyclopedia II - Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Hainault |
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| | | | | Elector of Saxony: Encyclopedia II - Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Castilians
Genealogy of the British Royal Family - House of Burgundy.
Isabella, daughter of King Pedro I of Castile and Maria of Padilla.
King Pedro I of Castile, son of King Alfonso IX of Castile and Maria of Portugal.
King Alfonso IX of Castile, son of King Ferdinand IV of Castile and Constance of Portugal.
King Ferdinand IV of Castile, son of King Sancho IV of Castile and Maria de Molina.
King Sancho IV of Castile, son of King Alfonso X of Castile and Violante of Aragon, daughter ...
See also:Genealogy of the British Royal Family, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Mountbatten-Windsors, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - House of Windsor, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Oldenburg, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Hanovers, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Palatine / Wittelsbach, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Stuarts, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Ancestors of Mary I of Scotland, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Bruces, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Huntingdons, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Celtic Kings, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Tudors, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Yorkists, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Castilians, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - House of Burgundy, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Jiménez Dynasty, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Beauforts, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Plantagenets/Angevins, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Hainault, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - House of Avesnes, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - House of Flanders, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Aquitaines, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Franks, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Normans, Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Vikings Read more here: » Genealogy of the British Royal Family: Encyclopedia II - Genealogy of the British Royal Family - Castilians |
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| | | | | Elector of Saxony: Encyclopedia II - Golden Rose - Blessing of the Rose The blessing of the rose was not coeval with its institution. It was introduced to render the ceremony more solemn and induce greater reverence for it on the part of the recipient. According to Cardinal Petra (Comment. in Constit. Apostolicas, III, 2, col. 1), pope Innocent IV (1245-54) was the first to bless it. Pope Innocent III (1198-1216), pope Alexander III (1159-81) and pope Leo IX (1049-55) have each strenuous defenders of their respective claims to the authorship of the ceremony. Of the last it is said that he (A. D. 1051) imp ...
See also:Golden Rose, Golden Rose - Significance and symbology, Golden Rose - History and development of the modern Rose, Golden Rose - Workmanship, Golden Rose - Value of the ornament, Golden Rose - Origin, Golden Rose - Blessing of the Rose, Golden Rose - Recipients, Golden Rose - international price Read more here: » Golden Rose: Encyclopedia II - Golden Rose - Blessing of the Rose |
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| | | | | Elector of Saxony: Encyclopedia II - Golden Rose - Recipients Among the principal churches to which the rose has been presented are St. Peter's (five roses), Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano (four roses — according to some two of the four were given to the basilica proper and two to the chapel called Sancta Sanctorum), Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore (two roses), Santa Maria sopra Minerva (one rose), and Sant'Antonio dei Portoghesi (one rose). It was also presented to the Archconfraternity of the ...
See also:Golden Rose, Golden Rose - Significance and symbology, Golden Rose - History and development of the modern Rose, Golden Rose - Workmanship, Golden Rose - Value of the ornament, Golden Rose - Origin, Golden Rose - Blessing of the Rose, Golden Rose - Recipients, Golden Rose - international price Read more here: » Golden Rose: Encyclopedia II - Golden Rose - Recipients |
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| | | | | | Elector of Saxony: Encyclopedia II - Meißen porcelain - Famous trademark The Albrechtsburg was utilized to protect the secrets of the manufacture of the “white gold”. As a further precaution, very few workers knew the special secret (“Arcanum”) of how to make porcelain, and then perhaps only part of the process. Thus, for a few years, Meissen retained its monopoly on the production of hard porcelain in Europe. By 1717, however, a competing production was set up at Vienna, as Samuel Stöltzel sold the secret recipe. By 1760 abou ...
See also:Meißen porcelain, Meißen porcelain - Beginnings, Meißen porcelain - Early Work, Meißen porcelain - Famous trademark, Meißen porcelain - Artistic development, Meißen porcelain - Tableware patterns, Meißen porcelain - Ownership, Meißen porcelain - Personalities, Meißen porcelain - Reference Read more here: » Meißen porcelain: Encyclopedia II - Meißen porcelain - Famous trademark |
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| | | | | | Elector of Saxony: Encyclopedia II - Meißen porcelain - Tableware patterns Already Böttger foresaw the production of tableware, and the first sets were made in the 1720’s. Initially sets were plain, and it was Kaendler who introduced matching decorations. For the Count Brühl, in 1737, the "Schwanen Service" (Swan Service) was made consisting apparently of more than one thousand pieces. At the end of WW II its pieces became scattered. Yet with the moulds available, the swan pattern continues to be made today. Kaendler also produced the 174 ...
See also:Meißen porcelain, Meißen porcelain - Beginnings, Meißen porcelain - Early Work, Meißen porcelain - Famous trademark, Meißen porcelain - Artistic development, Meißen porcelain - Tableware patterns, Meißen porcelain - Ownership, Meißen porcelain - Personalities, Meißen porcelain - Reference Read more here: » Meißen porcelain: Encyclopedia II - Meißen porcelain - Tableware patterns |
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| | | | | Elector of Saxony: Encyclopedia II - Katharina von Bora - Marriage to Luther Luther finally relented and became engaged to Katharina on June 13, 1525 before witnesses including Justus Jonas, Johannes Bugenhagen and the Cranachs. On June 27 of the same year, they were married by Bugenhagen. Katharina was twenty-six years old, Luther forty-two. The couple took up residence in "The Black Cloister," the former Augustinian monastery in Wittenberg, which the reform-minded John Frederick, Elector of Saxony (son of Luther's protector, Frederick III, ...
See also:Katharina von Bora, Katharina von Bora - Childhood and life as a nun, Katharina von Bora - Marriage to Luther, Katharina von Bora - After Luther's death, Katharina von Bora - Bibliography, Katharina von Bora - Books, Katharina von Bora - Filmography Read more here: » Katharina von Bora: Encyclopedia II - Katharina von Bora - Marriage to Luther |
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| | | | | | | Elector of Saxony: Encyclopedia II - Crown jewels - United States
Crown jewels - Hawaii.
Kingdom of Hawaii
Some of the Crown Jewels and the original Thrones of the Kingdom of Hawaii reside within the custody of the Bishop Museum. Copies of the thrones can be seen at Iolani Palace. Some lie in state with the bodies of royalty at Mauna Ala (Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii).
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See also:Crown jewels, Crown jewels - Africa, Crown jewels - Benin, Crown jewels - Burundi, Crown jewels - Central African Republic, Crown jewels - Egypt, Crown jewels - Ethiopia, Crown jewels - Ghana, Crown jewels - Nigeria, Crown jewels - Rwanda, Crown jewels - South Africa, Crown jewels - Tanzania, Crown jewels - Uganda, Crown jewels - Asia, Crown jewels - Burma, Crown jewels - Brunei, Crown jewels - India, Crown jewels - Indonesia, Crown jewels - Iran Persia, Crown jewels - Japan, Crown jewels - Laos, Crown jewels - Malaysia, Crown jewels - Philippines, Crown jewels - Thailand Siam, Crown jewels - Vietnam, Crown jewels - Europe, Crown jewels - Austria Austro-Hungarian Empire Holy Roman Empire, Crown jewels - Czech Republic Czech Kingdom Bohemian Kingdom, Crown jewels - Denmark, Crown jewels - France, Crown jewels - Germany, Crown jewels - Greece, Crown jewels - Hungary, Crown jewels - Ireland, Crown jewels - Italy, Crown jewels - Monaco, Crown jewels - Netherlands, Crown jewels - Norway, Crown jewels - Poland, Crown jewels - Serbia, Crown jewels - Spain, Crown jewels - Sweden, Crown jewels - Portugal, Crown jewels - Russia, Crown jewels - United Kingdom, Crown jewels - Vatican, Crown jewels - Latin America, Crown jewels - Chile, Crown jewels - Bolivia, Crown jewels - Brazil, Crown jewels - Peru, Crown jewels - Mexico, Crown jewels - United States, Crown jewels - Hawaii Read more here: » Crown jewels: Encyclopedia II - Crown jewels - United States |
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| | | | | Elector of Saxony: Encyclopedia II - Meißen porcelain - Beginnings The Chinese had mastered the production of porcelain for a long time, and by the 17th century oriental porcelain had become a valuable commodity in the China trade. Mostly provided by the Dutch East India Company imported porcelain from China and Japan represented “wealth, importance, and refined taste” in Europe while local attempts to produce porcelain had met with failure.
At the beginning of the 18th century Johann Friedrich Böttger pretended he had solved the dream of the alchemists, to produce gold from worthless materials. ...
See also:Meißen porcelain, Meißen porcelain - Beginnings, Meißen porcelain - Early Work, Meißen porcelain - Famous trademark, Meißen porcelain - Artistic development, Meißen porcelain - Tableware patterns, Meißen porcelain - Ownership, Meißen porcelain - Personalities, Meißen porcelain - Reference Read more here: » Meißen porcelain: Encyclopedia II - Meißen porcelain - Beginnings |
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| | | | | Elector of Saxony: Encyclopedia II - Katharina von Bora - After Luther's death When Martin Luther died in 1546, Katharina was left in difficult financial straits without Luther's salary as professor and pastor. She was asked to move out of the old abbey and into much more modest quarters with the children who remained at home, but initially refused. Almost immediately thereafter, Katharina had to leave the Black Cloister on her own at the outbreak of the Schmalkaldic War, from which she fled to Magdeburg. After her return the approach of the war forced another flight in 1547, this time to Braunschweig. In July of that ...
See also:Katharina von Bora, Katharina von Bora - Childhood and life as a nun, Katharina von Bora - Marriage to Luther, Katharina von Bora - After Luther's death, Katharina von Bora - Bibliography, Katharina von Bora - Books, Katharina von Bora - Filmography Read more here: » Katharina von Bora: Encyclopedia II - Katharina von Bora - After Luther's death |
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| | | | | Elector of Saxony: Encyclopedia II - Thirty Years' War - Danish intervention Period: 1625–1629
The Danish Period began when Christian IV of Denmark (1577–1648), King of Denmark, himself a Lutheran, helped the Germans by leading an army against the Holy Roman Empire, fearing that Denmark's sovereignty as a Protestant nation was being threatened. Christian IV had profited greatly from his policies in northern Germany (Hamburg had been forced to accept Danish sovereignty in 1621, and in 1623 the Danish heir apparent was made bishop of Bremen-Verden.) As an administrator, Christian IV had done remarkabl ...
See also:Thirty Years' War, Thirty Years' War - Origins of the War, Thirty Years' War - The Bohemian Revolt, Thirty Years' War - Danish intervention, Thirty Years' War - Swedish intervention, Thirty Years' War - Swedish-French intervention, Thirty Years' War - The Peace of Westphalia, Thirty Years' War - Casualties and disease, Thirty Years' War - Political consequences, Thirty Years' War - List of battles in the Thirty Years' War Read more here: » Thirty Years' War: Encyclopedia II - Thirty Years' War - Danish intervention |
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| | | | | Elector of Saxony: Encyclopedia II - History of Austria - Babenberg Austria After the defeat of the Magyars by Emperor Otto the Great in the Battle of Lechfeld (955), new Marches were established in what is today Austria. The one known as the marchia orientalis was to become the core territory of Austria and was given to Leopold of Babenberg in 976.
The Marches were overseen by a comes or dux as appointed by the king. The most normal translation of these offices is count or duke, but these titles conveyed very different meanings in the Early Middle Ages, and the Latin terminology is prefe ...
See also:History of Austria, History of Austria - Early history, History of Austria - Early middle ages, History of Austria - Babenberg Austria, History of Austria - The Habsburg Monarchy 13th century–1918, History of Austria - Beginnings 1278-1526, History of Austria - The Reformation and Austria's Rise to Power 1526-1714, History of Austria - Charles VI and Maria Theresa 1711-1780, History of Austria - The Reigns of Joseph II and Leopold II 1780-1792, History of Austria - The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon 1792-1814, History of Austria - The Nineteenth Century 1815-1918, History of Austria - The First Republic 1918–1934, History of Austria - Austrofascism 1934–1938, History of Austria - Part of Nazi Germany 1938–1945, History of Austria - The Second Republic since 1945, History of Austria - Allied occupation, History of Austria - Independence and political development during the Second Republic, History of Austria - The 90s and the recent past, History of Austria - Reference Read more here: » History of Austria: Encyclopedia II - History of Austria - Babenberg Austria |
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| | | | | Elector of Saxony: Encyclopedia II - History of Austria - Early middle ages During the Migration Period, the Slavs migrated into the Alps in the wake of the expansion of their Avar overlords during the 7th century, mixed with the Celto-Romanic population, and established the realm of Karantania, which covered much of eastern and central Austrian territory. In the meantime, the Germanic tribe of the Bavarians had developed in the 5th and 6th century in the west of the country and in Bavaria, while what is today Vorarlberg had been settled by the Alemans. Those groups mixed with the Rhaeto ...
See also:History of Austria, History of Austria - Early history, History of Austria - Early middle ages, History of Austria - Babenberg Austria, History of Austria - The Habsburg Monarchy 13th century–1918, History of Austria - Beginnings 1278-1526, History of Austria - The Reformation and Austria's Rise to Power 1526-1714, History of Austria - Charles VI and Maria Theresa 1711-1780, History of Austria - The Reigns of Joseph II and Leopold II 1780-1792, History of Austria - The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon 1792-1814, History of Austria - The Nineteenth Century 1815-1918, History of Austria - The First Republic 1918–1934, History of Austria - Austrofascism 1934–1938, History of Austria - Part of Nazi Germany 1938–1945, History of Austria - The Second Republic since 1945, History of Austria - Allied occupation, History of Austria - Independence and political development during the Second Republic, History of Austria - The 90s and the recent past, History of Austria - Reference Read more here: » History of Austria: Encyclopedia II - History of Austria - Early middle ages |
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| | | | | Elector of Saxony: Encyclopedia II - History of Austria - The First Republic 1918–1934 Also see: First Austrian Republic
Following the defeat of Austria-Hungary in World War I, in the Aftermath of World War I the Empire was broken up based loosely on national grounds. Austria, with its modern borders, was created out of the main German speaking areas. On November 12, 1918, Austria became a republic.
Immediately after the war, the newly-formed Austrian parliament asked for a union with Germany. It was often feared that small Austria was not economically viable. In the end France and Italy prevented the merg ...
See also:History of Austria, History of Austria - Early history, History of Austria - Early middle ages, History of Austria - Babenberg Austria, History of Austria - The Habsburg Monarchy 13th century–1918, History of Austria - Beginnings 1278-1526, History of Austria - The Reformation and Austria's Rise to Power 1526-1714, History of Austria - Charles VI and Maria Theresa 1711-1780, History of Austria - The Reigns of Joseph II and Leopold II 1780-1792, History of Austria - The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon 1792-1814, History of Austria - The Nineteenth Century 1815-1918, History of Austria - The First Republic 1918–1934, History of Austria - Austrofascism 1934–1938, History of Austria - Part of Nazi Germany 1938–1945, History of Austria - The Second Republic since 1945, History of Austria - Allied occupation, History of Austria - Independence and political development during the Second Republic, History of Austria - The 90s and the recent past, History of Austria - Reference Read more here: » History of Austria: Encyclopedia II - History of Austria - The First Republic 1918–1934 |
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| | | | | Elector of Saxony: Encyclopedia II - History of Austria - Austrofascism 1934–1938 Main articles: Austrian Civil War, Austrofascism
Under the Christian Social Party, the Austrian government was moving towards centralization of power in the Fascist model.
In March 1933 the Dollfuss cabinet took advantage of a formal error during a vote on a bill in parliament. As the vote was very narrow, all of the three presidents of the National Council stepped down because they were not allowed to vote themselves while in office. This was an unforeseen event but it could have been resolved according to the rules of ...
See also:History of Austria, History of Austria - Early history, History of Austria - Early middle ages, History of Austria - Babenberg Austria, History of Austria - The Habsburg Monarchy 13th century–1918, History of Austria - Beginnings 1278-1526, History of Austria - The Reformation and Austria's Rise to Power 1526-1714, History of Austria - Charles VI and Maria Theresa 1711-1780, History of Austria - The Reigns of Joseph II and Leopold II 1780-1792, History of Austria - The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon 1792-1814, History of Austria - The Nineteenth Century 1815-1918, History of Austria - The First Republic 1918–1934, History of Austria - Austrofascism 1934–1938, History of Austria - Part of Nazi Germany 1938–1945, History of Austria - The Second Republic since 1945, History of Austria - Allied occupation, History of Austria - Independence and political development during the Second Republic, History of Austria - The 90s and the recent past, History of Austria - Reference Read more here: » History of Austria: Encyclopedia II - History of Austria - Austrofascism 1934–1938 |
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| | | | | Elector of Saxony: Encyclopedia II - History of Austria - The Second Republic since 1945
History of Austria - Allied occupation.
Under the Allied Commission established by an agreement on July 4, 1945, the country was occupied by the Allies from May 9, 1945 until July 27, 1955. Like Germany, Austria was divided in four zones, each of which was controlled by one of the four allied powers, with Vienna being also divided into four zones. Austria participated in the Wester ...
See also:History of Austria, History of Austria - Early history, History of Austria - Early middle ages, History of Austria - Babenberg Austria, History of Austria - The Habsburg Monarchy 13th century–1918, History of Austria - Beginnings 1278-1526, History of Austria - The Reformation and Austria's Rise to Power 1526-1714, History of Austria - Charles VI and Maria Theresa 1711-1780, History of Austria - The Reigns of Joseph II and Leopold II 1780-1792, History of Austria - The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon 1792-1814, History of Austria - The Nineteenth Century 1815-1918, History of Austria - The First Republic 1918–1934, History of Austria - Austrofascism 1934–1938, History of Austria - Part of Nazi Germany 1938–1945, History of Austria - The Second Republic since 1945, History of Austria - Allied occupation, History of Austria - Independence and political development during the Second Republic, History of Austria - The 90s and the recent past, History of Austria - Reference Read more here: » History of Austria: Encyclopedia II - History of Austria - The Second Republic since 1945 |
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