Elective monarchy

In the ancient Kingdom of Rome, the kings were elected by the Assemblies. The Holy Roman Empire was another example of this, in which the Emperor was elected by a small council of nobles called prince-electors. In Gaelic Order Ireland, a Rí, or king was elected to rule clan lands both large and small. While Rí (king) is used regardless of the size of the territory, in English, the lesser rulers are more commonly called chieftains. The Ard Rí Éireann, or High King of Ireland was also elected from among the provincial kings. A system of elective monarchy existe ...

See also:

Elective monarchy, Elective monarchy - Some examples from History, Elective monarchy - When it was usual, Elective monarchy - Current, Elective monarchy - Elective monarchies in fiction

Read more here: » Elective monarchy: Encyclopedia II - Elective monarchy - Some examples from History

A papal election is the method by which the Roman Catholic Church fills the office of Bishop of Rome, whose incumbent is known as the Pope, the head of the Church. The electors form a conclave, from the Latin phrase cum clave ("with a key"), referring to the "locking away" of the electors during the process. Conclaves have been employed since the Second Council of Lyons decreed in 1274 that the electors should meet in seclusion. They are now hel ...

Including:

• Papal conclave - Historical development
• Papal conclave - Electorate
• Papal conclave - Choice of the electors
• Papal conclave - Secular influence
• Papal conclave - Conclaves
• Papal conclave - Modern practice
• Papal conclave - Death of the Pope
• Papal conclave - Beginning of the election
• Papal conclave - Voting
• Papal conclave - Acceptance and proclamation
• Papal conclave - Historical voting patterns
• Papal conclave - Notes

Read more here: » Papal conclave: Encyclopedia - Papal conclave

Malaysia This article is part of the series: Politics of Malaysia Constitution Yang di-Pertuan Agong Parliament Electoral System Federal Legislative Elections Prime Minister Deputy Prime Minister Leader of the Opposition The Opposition Po ...

Including:

• Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Election
• Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Roles
• Yang di-Pertuan Agong - History
• Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Order of states
• Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Previous office-holders

Read more here: » Yang di-Pertuan Agong: Encyclopedia - Yang di-Pertuan Agong

The system of elective monarchy is rare- the only other extant case in a sovereign state is the 'President' elected by the Emirs of the UAE (where in fact the same member state always supplied the Monarch, as the Austrian archducal Habsburg did for centuries in the Holy Roman Empire; the second-most influential state gets the Prime Minister). In a feature unique to the Malaysian monarchy, the position is de facto rotated every five years between the nine Rulers of the Malay states. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is formally elected by and ...

See also:

Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Election, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Roles, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - History, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Order of states, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Previous office-holders

Read more here: » Yang di-Pertuan Agong: Encyclopedia II - Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Election

The system of elective monarchy is rare- the only other extant case in a sovereign state is the 'President' elected by the Emirs of the UAE (where in fact the same member state always supplied the Monarch, as the Austrian archducal Habsburg did for centuries in the Holy Roman Empire; the second-most influential state gets the Prime Minister); the Vatican City, where the Pope is elected by the College of Cardinals; and Andorra, one of whose two monarchs ...

See also:

Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Election, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Roles, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - History, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Order of states, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Previous office-holders

Read more here: » Yang di-Pertuan Agong: Encyclopedia II - Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Election

The procedures relating to the election of the Pope have undergone almost two millennia of development. Procedures similar to the present system were introduced in 1274 with the Second Council of Lyons. Papal conclave - Electorate. The earliest bishops were most likely chosen by the founders of their communities. Later, however, this method was replaced in Rome and elsewhere with that of election by the clergy and laity of the community and the bishops of neighbouring dioceses. The true electoral body was ...

See also:

Papal conclave, Papal conclave - Historical development, Papal conclave - Electorate, Papal conclave - Choice of the electors, Papal conclave - Secular influence, Papal conclave - Conclaves, Papal conclave - Modern practice, Papal conclave - Death of the Pope, Papal conclave - Beginning of the election, Papal conclave - Voting, Papal conclave - Acceptance and proclamation, Papal conclave - Historical voting patterns, Papal conclave - Notes

Read more here: » Papal conclave: Encyclopedia II - Papal conclave - Historical development

The Yang di-Pertuan Agong's role is that of constitutional monarch, and as such his actual power is very limited. He is required by the Federal Constitution to act upon the advice of the Prime Minister or the Cabinet. Nonetheless as Head of State, he has the formal responsibilities usual in the Westminster system of constitutional government. In addition, the Constitution makes him the Head of Islam in the four states ruled by appointed Governors. He is ...

See also:

Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Election, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Roles, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - History, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Order of states, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Previous office-holders

Read more here: » Yang di-Pertuan Agong: Encyclopedia II - Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Roles

In 1996, John Paul II promulgated a new Apostolic Constitution, called Universi Dominici Gregis (Shepherd of the Lord's Whole Flock), which, unless superseded by later regulations, now governs the election of the Pope's successor. The procedures outlined, however, in many cases date to much earlier times. Universi Dominici Gregis is the sole constitution governing the election; it abrogates all constitutions previously issued by Popes. Under Universi Dominici Gregis, the cardinals are to be lodged in a purpose-built edifice, the Domus Sanctæ Marthæ, ...

See also:

Papal conclave, Papal conclave - Historical development, Papal conclave - Electorate, Papal conclave - Choice of the electors, Papal conclave - Secular influence, Papal conclave - Conclaves, Papal conclave - Modern practice, Papal conclave - Death of the Pope, Papal conclave - Beginning of the election, Papal conclave - Voting, Papal conclave - Acceptance and proclamation, Papal conclave - Historical voting patterns, Papal conclave - Notes

Read more here: » Papal conclave: Encyclopedia II - Papal conclave - Modern practice

The newly elected pope often contrasts dramatically with his predecessor, a tendency expressed by the Italian axiom "After a fat pope a lean pope". Past cardinals have often voted for someone radically different to the pope who appointed them. The controversial one-time populist turned conservative, long-lived Pope Pius IX (1846–1878) was succeeded by the aristocratic diplomatic Pope Leo XIII (1878–1903). He in turn was succeeded by the lower-class, bluntly outspoken Pope Pius X (1903–1914). Pius's rugged ultraconservatism contrasted w ...

See also:

Papal conclave, Papal conclave - Historical development, Papal conclave - Electorate, Papal conclave - Choice of the electors, Papal conclave - Secular influence, Papal conclave - Conclaves, Papal conclave - Modern practice, Papal conclave - Death of the Pope, Papal conclave - Beginning of the election, Papal conclave - Voting, Papal conclave - Acceptance and proclamation, Papal conclave - Historical voting patterns, Papal conclave - Notes

Read more here: » Papal conclave: Encyclopedia II - Papal conclave - Historical voting patterns

In August 1957, having rejected the suggested title of Yang di-Pertuan Besar in favour of Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the Council of Rulers met to vote the first occupant of the throne. By seniority, Major-General Sultan Ibrahim ibni Almarhum Sultan Abu Bakar (Sultan of Johore), having succeeded as sultan in 1895, was the most senior, but he declined election due to old age (he was then 84). The next in line, Sultan Abu Bakar Riayatuddin Al-Muadzam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdullah Al-Mutassim Billah Shah (Sultan of Pahang), ...

See also:

Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Election, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Roles, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - History, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Order of states, Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Previous office-holders

Read more here: » Yang di-Pertuan Agong: Encyclopedia II - Yang di-Pertuan Agong - History

A case of agnatic primogeniture is exemplified in the French royal milieu, the Salic Law (attributed to the Salian Franks) forbade any inheritance of a crown through the female line. This accounts for the dispute over the legitimate successor of Charles IV of France (Edward III of England or Philip VI of France), the separation between Hanover (where Ernest I succeeded) and the United Kingdom upon the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837, the separation of the (arch)ducal house of Luxembourg from the royal house of the Netherlands, ...

See also:

Primogeniture, Primogeniture - Definitions, Primogeniture - Historical examples, Primogeniture - Other principles of succession, Primogeniture - Arguments in favour of primogeniture, Primogeniture - Arguments against primogeniture, Primogeniture - Other methods of succession, Primogeniture - Links

Read more here: » Primogeniture: Encyclopedia II - Primogeniture - Historical examples

A case of agnatic primogeniture is exemplified in the French royal milieu, the Salic Law (attributed to the Salian Franks) forbade any inheritance of a crown through the female line. This accounts for the dispute over the legitimate successor of Charles IV of France (Edward III of England or Philip VI of France), the separation between Hanover (where Ernest I succeeded) and the United Kingdom upon the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837, the separation of the (arch)ducal house of Luxembourg from the royal house of the Netherlands, ...

See also:

Primogeniture, Primogeniture - Definitions, Primogeniture - Historical examples, Primogeniture - Other principles of succession, Primogeniture - Arguments in favour of primogeniture, Primogeniture - Arguments against primogeniture, Primogeniture - Other methods of succession

Read more here: » Primogeniture: Encyclopedia II - Primogeniture - Historical examples

Proximity or seniority mean that power rests tighter in hands of older generation and also that monarchs have shorter reigns. They tend to lead to some form of partition of the inheritance. Primogeniture has often meant underage monarchs and regency arrangements. Primogeniture tends to keep the inheritance undivided and even in increase. ...

See also:

Primogeniture, Primogeniture - Definitions, Primogeniture - Historical examples, Primogeniture - Other principles of succession, Primogeniture - Arguments in favour of primogeniture, Primogeniture - Arguments against primogeniture, Primogeniture - Other methods of succession

Read more here: » Primogeniture: Encyclopedia II - Primogeniture - Other principles of succession

Proximity or seniority mean that power rests tighter in hands of older generation and also that monarchs have shorter reigns. They tend to lead to some form of partition of the inheritance. Primogeniture has often meant underage monarchs and regency arrangements. Primogeniture tends to keep the inheritance undivided and even in increase. ...

See also:

Primogeniture, Primogeniture - Definitions, Primogeniture - Historical examples, Primogeniture - Other principles of succession, Primogeniture - Arguments in favour of primogeniture, Primogeniture - Arguments against primogeniture, Primogeniture - Other methods of succession, Primogeniture - Links

Read more here: » Primogeniture: Encyclopedia II - Primogeniture - Other principles of succession

Agnatic primogeniture or patrilineal primogeniture (a form of male primogeniture) is inheritance by the eldest surviving male child, with females excluded. This is sometimes referred to as a form of Salic law. Male primogeniture happens at least in two known systems: Agnatic Primogeniture and Quasi-Salic Succession . Only males may succeed to the throne. The mentioned two forms are distinct, depending upon whether a female is accepted as the legitimate recipien ...

See also:

Primogeniture, Primogeniture - Definitions, Primogeniture - Historical examples, Primogeniture - Other principles of succession, Primogeniture - Arguments in favour of primogeniture, Primogeniture - Arguments against primogeniture, Primogeniture - Other methods of succession

Read more here: » Primogeniture: Encyclopedia II - Primogeniture - Definitions

Agnatic primogeniture or patrilineal primogeniture (a form of male primogeniture) is inheritance by the eldest surviving male child, with females excluded. This is sometimes referred to as a form of Salic law. Male primogeniture happens at least in two known systems: Agnatic Primogeniture and Quasi-Salic Succession . Only males may succeed to the throne. The mentioned two forms are distinct, depending upon whether a female is accepted as the legitimate recipien ...

See also:

Primogeniture, Primogeniture - Definitions, Primogeniture - Historical examples, Primogeniture - Other principles of succession, Primogeniture - Arguments in favour of primogeniture, Primogeniture - Arguments against primogeniture, Primogeniture - Other methods of succession, Primogeniture - Links

Read more here: » Primogeniture: Encyclopedia II - Primogeniture - Definitions

In the prequel trilogy of Star Wars films, there is a planet named Naboo which is an elected monarchy. Padmé Amidala, one of the series' main characters, was elected queen at the age of fourteen. In the Lord Darcy universe, set out in a series of works by Randall Garrett, the Kings of the Anglo-French Empire are elected by Parliament from a small group of eligible members of the Royal Plantagenet family. See Michael Kurland's additions to the canon. ...

See also:

Elective monarchy, Elective monarchy - Some examples from History, Elective monarchy - When it was usual, Elective monarchy - Current, Elective monarchy - Elective monarchies in fiction

Read more here: » Elective monarchy: Encyclopedia II - Elective monarchy - Elective monarchies in fiction

Elective succession has been, in its various forms, the most common official system of succession in monarchies. Arguably the world's oldest method to determine succession was that for the military leader who ascended to power through some sort of election. Elective monarchies were once common, although usually only a very small portion of the population was eligible to vote. Most kingdoms were officially elective long into historic times, though the candidates were usually, or always only from the family of the deceased monarch. Here ...

See also:

Elective monarchy, Elective monarchy - Some examples from History, Elective monarchy - When it was usual, Elective monarchy - Current, Elective monarchy - Elective monarchies in fiction

Read more here: » Elective monarchy: Encyclopedia II - Elective monarchy - When it was usual

Currently, the world's only true "elective monarchies" are: Vatican City, where the Pope is elected to a life term by (and usually from) the College of Cardinals Malaysia, where the King or Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected to a five-year term. Nine hereditary rulers form a Council of Rulers who will determine the next King. They use a system of rotation, originally based on seniority, and varied by the council and the decision is made via a secret ballot amongst the council members. Samoa, where the eventual su ...

See also:

Elective monarchy, Elective monarchy - Some examples from History, Elective monarchy - When it was usual, Elective monarchy - Current, Elective monarchy - Elective monarchies in fiction

Read more here: » Elective monarchy: Encyclopedia II - Elective monarchy - Current