Elagabalus or Heliogabalus (c. 203–March 11, 222), born Varius Avitus Bassus and also known as Varius Avitus Bassianus Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, was a Roman emperor of the Severan dynasty who reigned from 218 to 222. Elagabalus was and is one of the most controversial Roman emperors. During his reign he showed a disregard for Roman religious traditions and sexual taboos. Elagabalus' name is a Latinized form of the Semitic deity El-Gabal, a manifestation of the Semitic deity Ēl. He replaced Jupiter, head of the ...

Including:

Elagabalus - Family Elagabalus - Rise to power Elagabalus - Imperial power
Elagabalus - Religious controversy Elagabalus - Sex/gender controversy Elagabalus - Fall from power
Elagabalus - After death
Elagabalus - Biased historical sources Elagabalus - Cultural influence
Elagabalus - Note

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Elagabalus, Elagabalus - Family, Elagabalus - Rise to power, Elagabalus - Imperial power, Elagabalus - Religious controversy, Elagabalus - Sex/gender controversy, Elagabalus - Fall from power, Elagabalus - After death, Elagabalus - Biased historical sources, Elagabalus - Cultural influence, Elagabalus - Note

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Elagabalus - Biased historical sources. After his death, Elagabalus' religious edicts were reversed and El-Gabal was returned to Emesa. Women were barred from ever attending meetings of the Senate, and a policy of damnatio memoriae — condemning a person by erasing him or her from recorded existence — was instituted. A black propaganda campaign against Elagabalus, traditionally attributed to Julia Avitus Mamaea, was also instituted. Many denigrating and false stories were circulated about him, and his e ...

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Elagabalus, Elagabalus - Family, Elagabalus - Rise to power, Elagabalus - Imperial power, Elagabalus - Religious controversy, Elagabalus - Sex/gender controversy, Elagabalus - Fall from power, Elagabalus - After death, Elagabalus - Biased historical sources, Elagabalus - Cultural influence, Elagabalus - Note

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The title first gained prominence under the emperor Elagabalus, who abortively attempted to impose the worship of Elegabal, the sun-god of his native city Emesa in Syria. With the emperor's death in AD 222, however, this religion ceased, though emperors continued to be portrayed on coinage with the radiant sun-crown, for close to a century. In the second instance, the title invictus was applied to Mithras in private inscriptions by ...

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Sol Invictus, Sol Invictus - Elagabalus, Sol Invictus - Aurelian, Sol Invictus - Constantine, Sol Invictus - Sol Invictus and Christianity

Read more here: » Sol Invictus: Encyclopedia II - Sol Invictus - Elagabalus

Iulia Aquilia Severa was the second and fourth wife of Emperor Elagabalus. Severa was a Vestal Virgin. As such, her marriage to Elagabalus in 220 was the cause of enormous controversy — traditionally, the punishment for breaking the thirty-year vow of celibacy was death. Elagabalus is believed to have had religious reasons for marrying Severa — he himself was a follower of the eastern sun god El-Gabal, and when marrying himself to Severa, he al ...

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Anthropomancy (from Greek anthropos, 'man', and manteia, 'divination') is a method of divination by the entrails of dead or dying men or women, through sacrifice. This practice was sometimes also called Splanchomancy (divination by examining the entrails of sacrificial victims). Elagabalus (the Roman emperor Varius Avitus Bassanius, 205-221) and the ancient Egyptians were known practitioners of this type of divination. Other related archives205, 221, Egyptians, Elagabalus

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Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexandrus (October 1, 208- March 18?, 235), commonly called Alexander Severus, Roman emperor from 222 to 235, was born at Arca Caesarea in Palestine. His father, Gessius Marcianus, held office more than once as an imperial procurator; his mother, Julia Mamaea, was the daughter of Julia Maesa and the aunt of Elagabalus (also called "Heliogabalus"). His original name was Bassianus, but he changed it in 221 when his grandmother, Maesa, persuaded the emperor Elagabalus to adopt his cousin as successo ...

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Alexander Severus - External link

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221 - Events. June 26 - Roman Emperor Elagabalus adopts Alexander Severus as his heir. Liu Bei, Chinese warlord and descendant of the royal family of the Han Dynasty, proclaims himself emperor. The Shu Han Kingdom was established. 221 - Births. 221 - Deaths. Gongsun Kang, Chinese warlord in Liaodong and northwestern Korea Yu Jin, general of Cao Cao Category: 221Including:

221 - Events 221 - Births 221 - Deaths

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222 - Events. Pope Urban I succeeds Pope Callixtus I Roman Emperor Alexander Severus succeeds Heliogabalus Kingdom of Wu is established in China Sun Quan defeats Liu Bei at the Battle of Yi Ling 222 - Deaths. March 11 - Roman Emperor Elagabalus murdered Tertullian, theologian Pope Callixtus I Claudius Aelianus, teacher and rhetorician Ma Liang, officer of Liu Bei Ma Chao, officer of Liu B ...

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222 - Events 222 - Deaths

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219 - Events. Legio III Gallica and IV Scythica are disbanded by Roman Emperor Elagabalus after their leaders, Verus and Gellius Maximus, rebel. Liu Bei declares himself King of Han Zhong Guan Yu, great general of Shu surrounded and defeated at Mai Castle 219 - Births. 219 - Deaths. Guan Yu, celebrated general of Liu Bei Guan Ping, son of Guan Yu Liu Zhang, former ruler of YizhouIncluding:

219 - Events 219 - Births 219 - Deaths

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Claudius Aelianus (c. 175 - c. 235), often seen as just Aelian, born at Praeneste, was a Roman author and teacher of rhetoric who flourished under Septimius Severus and probably outlived Elagabalus, who died in 222. He spoke Greek so perfectly that he was called "honey-tongued" (meliglossos); Roman-born, he preferred Greek authors, and wrote in a slightly archaizing Greek himself. His two chief works are valuable for the numerous quotations from the works of earlier authors, which are otherwise lost, and for the s ...

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Claudius Aelianus - Reference

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The religion of Sol Invictus continued to be a cornerstone of the emperors until Theodosius I's decree on Feb 27, 390 that only Nicene Christianity was acceptable. Before his supposed conversion (some think Emperor Constantine never converted but that a Christian coup took advantage of his death), on his deathbed, even the young Constantine portrayed Sol Invictus on his official coinage. Constantine on Mar 7, 321 decreed SUNday (dies Solis) as the Roman day of rest [CJ3.12.2]: On the venerable day of the Sun let the magistrat ...

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Sol Invictus, Sol Invictus - Elagabalus, Sol Invictus - Aurelian, Sol Invictus - Constantine, Sol Invictus - Sol Invictus and Christianity

Read more here: » Sol Invictus: Encyclopedia II - Sol Invictus - Constantine

Christianity apparently adopted some of the attributes of the Sol Invictus religion, as apparent in the first examples of Christian iconography, depicting Christ with solar attributes such as the sun-ray crown or, in a few instances, a solar chariot. According to the New Catholic Encyclopedia of 1967, article on Constantine the Great: Sol Invictus had been adopted by the Church of Rome as evidenced by Christ as Apollo-Helios in a mausoleum discovered under St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City and dated to 250 and from the article on Christmas: from the beginning of the ...

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Sol Invictus, Sol Invictus - Elagabalus, Sol Invictus - Aurelian, Sol Invictus - Constantine, Sol Invictus - Sol Invictus and Christianity

Read more here: » Sol Invictus: Encyclopedia II - Sol Invictus - Sol Invictus and Christianity

The Severan dynasty spanned the reigns of (who were Emperor and/or Caesar): Severan dynasty - Septimius Severus 193–211. Severan dynasty - Caracalla 198–217. Severan dynasty - Publius Septimius Geta 209–211. Severan dynasty - Intermezzo: Macrinus Emperor 217–218 and Diadumenian Caesar 217–218. M.M. Opelius Macrinus was born in 164 at Caesarea. Although coming from a humble background ...

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Severan dynasty, Severan dynasty - Emperors and Caesars, Severan dynasty - Septimius Severus 193–211, Severan dynasty - Caracalla 198–217, Severan dynasty - Publius Septimius Geta 209–211, Severan dynasty - Intermezzo: Macrinus Emperor 217–218 and Diadumenian Caesar 217–218, Severan dynasty - Elagabalus 218–222, Severan dynasty - Alexander Severus 222–235, Severan dynasty - Women of the Severan Dynasty

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Emesa had a temple to the Syrian sun god El Gebal (Aramaic), also called Elagabalus (Latin) and Heliogabalus (Greek). During Roman times Emesa was ruled by its local dynasty of priest-kings. It was the birthplace of the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, better known as Elagabalus, who was a hereditary priest of the his namesake deity and succeeded his cousin Caracalla in 218. Emesa was also Roman Emperor Aurelian's headquarter during his ...

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Homs, Homs - Ancient Homs Emesa, Homs - Governorate

Read more here: » Homs: Encyclopedia II - Homs - Ancient Homs Emesa

It is often difficult to construe the gender and sexual identity of pre-modern individuals. In many societies, those whom Western society might consider homosexual or bisexual are or were considered transgendered. Therefore, see also List of famous gay, lesbian, or bisexual people. Many of these persons cross-dressed during wartime for various purposes. Such people are covered under the article Crossdressing During Wartime. Elagabalus, Roman Emperor Chevalier d'Eon, French diplomat (1728-1810) who claimed that he ...

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List of transgendered people, List of transgendered people - Living individuals, List of transgendered people - 20th and 21st century individuals, List of transgendered people - Earlier historical individuals, List of transgendered people - Fictional individuals, List of transgendered people - Mythological figures, List of transgendered people - Books

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The Severan dynasty includes the increasingly troubled reigns of Septimius Severus (193–211), Caracalla (211–217), Macrinus (217–218), Elagabalus (218–222), and Alexander Severus (222–235). The founder of the dynasty, Lucius Septimius Severus, belonged to a leading native family of Leptis Magna in Africa who allied himself with a prominent Syrian family by his marriage to Julia Domna. Their provincial background and cosmopolitan alliance, eventually giving rise to imperial rulers of Syrian background, Elagabalus and Alexander Sever ...

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Roman Empire, Roman Empire - Historians' viewpoints on the evolution of Imperial Rome, Roman Empire - Age of Augustus 31 BC–AD 14, Roman Empire - Political developments, Roman Empire - Cultural developments, Roman Empire - Sources, Roman Empire - Julio-Claudian dynasty: Augustus' heirs, Roman Empire - Two military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings and political consequences, Roman Empire - Flavian Dynasty, Roman Empire - Five Good Emperors - The Antonine Dynasty 96 – 180, Roman Empire - Commodus 180–192, Roman Empire - Severan dynasty 193–235, Roman Empire - Crisis of the 3rd Century 235–284, Roman Empire - Tetrarchy 285–324, Roman Empire - Christian Empire 324–395, Roman Empire - Late Antiquity in the West 395–476, Roman Empire - From Roman to Byzantine in the East, Roman Empire - Under Constantine 330–337 and his sons 337–361, Roman Empire - Under Julian & Jovian 361–364, Roman Empire - Valentinian Dynasty 364–392, Roman Empire - Battle of Adrianople 378, Roman Empire - Disturbed peace in the West 383, Roman Empire - Theodosian Dynasty 392–395, Roman Empire - Later Eastern Empire 476–1461, Roman Empire - Roman Provinces, Roman Empire - Emperors, Roman Empire - Ancient Historians of the Empire, Roman Empire - Latin Literature of the Empire

Read more here: » Roman Empire: Encyclopedia II - Roman Empire - Severan dynasty 193–235

The Severan dynasty includes the increasingly troubled reigns of Septimius Severus (193–211), Caracalla (211–217), Macrinus (217–218), Elagabalus (218–222), and Alexander Severus (222–235). The founder of the dynasty, Lucius Septimius Severus, belonged to a leading native family of Leptis Magna in Africa who allied himself with a prominent Syrian family by his marriage to Julia Domna. Their provincial background and cosmopolitan alliance, eventually giving rise to imperial rulers of Syrian background, Elagabalus and Alexander Sever ...

See also:

Roman Empire, Roman Empire - Historians' viewpoints on the evolution of Imperial Rome, Roman Empire - Age of Augustus 31 BC–AD 14, Roman Empire - Political developments, Roman Empire - Cultural developments, Roman Empire - Sources, Roman Empire - Julio-Claudian dynasty: Augustus' heirs, Roman Empire - Two military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings and political consequences, Roman Empire - Flavian Dynasty, Roman Empire - Five Good Emperors - The Antonine Dynasty 96 – 180, Roman Empire - Commodus 180–192, Roman Empire - Severan dynasty 193–235, Roman Empire - Crisis of the 3rd Century 235–284, Roman Empire - Tetrarchy 285–324 and Constantine the Great 324-337, Roman Empire - The Empire after Constantine 337–395, Roman Empire - The sons of Constantine 337–361, Roman Empire - Under Julian & Jovian 361–364, Roman Empire - Valentinian Dynasty 364–392, Roman Empire - Battle of Adrianople 378, Roman Empire - Disturbed peace in the West 383, Roman Empire - The Empire becoming Christian, Roman Empire - Theodosian Dynasty 392–395, Roman Empire - The End of the Western Empire 395–476, Roman Empire - The Byzantine Empire 395–1461, Roman Empire - Legacy of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire - Roman Provinces, Roman Empire - Emperors, Roman Empire - Ancient Historians of the Empire, Roman Empire - Latin Literature of the Empire

Read more here: » Roman Empire: Encyclopedia II - Roman Empire - Severan dynasty 193–235

The Severi, in addition to being the second dynasty d'épée, are also the first Roman dynasty to have been restored to the purple. The restoration, however, brought with it a decidedly bizarre character: the first of the restored Severan Emperors, a Syrian historically known as "Elagabalus" (also seen less correctly as "Heliogabalus") was already the hereditary high priest of an Oriental sun god, Elagabal. The restored Severi were also well-known for the autocratic power exercised by three Syrian princesses as the éminences grise ...

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Roman Emperor Principate, Roman Emperor Principate - Julio-Claudian Dynasty, Roman Emperor Principate - Julio-Claudian Emperors, Roman Emperor Principate - Dynastic Relationships, Roman Emperor Principate - Year of the Four Emperors, Roman Emperor Principate - Flavian Dynasty, Roman Emperor Principate - Flavian Emperors, Roman Emperor Principate - Dynastic Relationships, Roman Emperor Principate - Nervan-Antonine Dynasty, Roman Emperor Principate - Nervan-Antonine Emperors, Roman Emperor Principate - Dynastic Relationships, Roman Emperor Principate - From Domitian to Severus, Roman Emperor Principate - Severan Dynasty, Roman Emperor Principate - Dynastic Relationships, Roman Emperor Principate - Macrinus and Diadumenianus, Roman Emperor Principate - Severan Dynasty Restored, Roman Emperor Principate - Dynastic Relationships

Read more here: » Roman Emperor Principate: Encyclopedia II - Roman Emperor Principate - Severan Dynasty Restored

Several instances of interaction between Buddhism and the Roman world are documented by Classical and early Christian writers. Buddhism and the Roman world - Pandion embassy. Roman historical accounts describe an embassy sent by the "Indian king Pandion (Pandya?), also named Porus," to Caesar Augustus around 13 CE. The embassy was travelling with a diplomatic letter in Greek, and one of its members was a sramana who burned himself alive in Athens to demonstrate his faith. The event made a sensation and was ...

Including:

• Buddhism and the Roman world - Pandion embassy
• Buddhism and the Roman world - Western knowledge of Buddhism
• Buddhism and the Roman world - Buddhism and Gnosticism
• Buddhism and the Roman world - Notes

Read more here: » Buddhism and the Roman world