ekasilicon

Eka is a prefix for a chemical element which is listed in the periodic table under another element. The prefix eka- was used especially to name as yet undiscovered elements. For example germanium was called ekasilicon until its discovery. The prefix originates from the Sanskrit word "eka" meaning "one" and was coined by Dmitri Mendeleev. The prefixes dvi- and tri- from the Sanskrit prefixes meaning "two" and "three" respectively, have been used for undiscovered elements two or three places in the periodic t ...

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History of chemistry - Origins. Although the chemistry comes from the ancient Babylon, Egypt and especially Persia after Islam but, the birth of chemistry is often more strictly dated to Antoine Lavoisier's discovery of the law of conservation of mass, and thereby to his refutation of the phlogiston theory of combustion in 1783. (Phlogiston was supposed to be an almost undetectable substance liberated by flammable materials in burning.) Mikhail Lomonosov independently established a tradition of chemistry in Russi ...

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History of chemistry, History of chemistry - Early developments, History of chemistry - Origins, History of chemistry - The vitalism debate and organic chemistry, History of chemistry - The dispute about atomism, History of chemistry - The periodic table, History of chemistry - Industrial exploitation, History of chemistry - The modern definition of chemistry, History of chemistry - Quantum chemistry, History of chemistry - Molecular biology and biochemistry, History of chemistry - Semiconductor processing, History of chemistry - Notes

Read more here: » History of chemistry: Encyclopedia II - History of chemistry - Early developments

History of chemistry - Origins. However, the birth of chemistry is often more strictly dated to Antoine Lavoisier's discovery of the law of conservation of mass, and thereby to his refutation of the phlogiston theory of combustion in 1783. (Phlogiston was supposed to be an almost undetectable substance liberated by flammable materials in burning.) Mikhail Lomonosov independently established a tradition of chemistry in Russia in the 18th century. Lomonosov also rejected the phlogiston theory, and anticipated the kinetic theory of gases. He regarded heat as a for ...

See also:

History of chemistry, History of chemistry - Early developments, History of chemistry - Origins, History of chemistry - The vitalism debate and organic chemistry, History of chemistry - The dispute about atomism, History of chemistry - The periodic table, History of chemistry - Industrial exploitation, History of chemistry - The modern definition of chemistry, History of chemistry - Quantum chemistry, History of chemistry - Molecular biology and biochemistry, History of chemistry - Semiconductor processing, History of chemistry - Notes

Read more here: » History of chemistry: Encyclopedia II - History of chemistry - Early developments

In 1871 germanium (Latin Germania for Germany) was one of the elements that Dmitri Mendeleev predicted to exist as a missing analogue of the silicon group (Mendeleev called it "ekasilicon"). The existence of this element was proven by Clemens Winkler in 1886. This discovery was an important confirmation of Mendeleev's idea of element periodicity. The development of the germanium transistor opened the door to countless applications of solid-state electronics. From 1950 through the early 1970s, this area provided an increasing ma ...

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Germanium, Germanium - Notable characteristics, Germanium - History, Germanium - Applications, Germanium - Occurrence, Germanium - Compounds

Read more here: » Germanium: Encyclopedia II - Germanium - History

Some view the birth of quantum chemistry in the discovery of the Schrödinger equation and its application to hydrogen atom in 1926. However, the 1927 article of Walter Heitler and Fritz London [1] is often recognised as the first milestone in the history of quantum chemistry. This is the first application of quantum mechanics to the diatomic hydrogen molecule. In the following years many progresses were performed by Robert S. Mulliken, Max Bor ...

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History of chemistry, History of chemistry - Early developments, History of chemistry - Origins, History of chemistry - The vitalism debate and organic chemistry, History of chemistry - The dispute about atomism, History of chemistry - The periodic table, History of chemistry - Industrial exploitation, History of chemistry - The modern definition of chemistry, History of chemistry - Quantum chemistry, History of chemistry - Molecular biology and biochemistry, History of chemistry - Semiconductor processing, History of chemistry - Notes

Read more here: » History of chemistry: Encyclopedia II - History of chemistry - Quantum chemistry

Some view the birth of quantum chemistry in the discovery of the Schrödinger equation and its application to hydrogen atom in 1926. However, the 1927 article of Walter Heitler and Fritz London [1] is often recognised as the first milestone in the history of quantum chemistry. This is the first application of quantum mechanics to the diatomic hydrogen molecule. In the following years many progresses were performed by Robert S. Mulliken, Max Born, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Linus Pauling, Erich Hückel, Dou ...

See also:

History of chemistry, History of chemistry - Early developments, History of chemistry - Origins, History of chemistry - The vitalism debate and organic chemistry, History of chemistry - The dispute about atomism, History of chemistry - The periodic table, History of chemistry - Industrial exploitation, History of chemistry - The modern definition of chemistry, History of chemistry - Quantum chemistry, History of chemistry - Molecular biology and biochemistry, History of chemistry - Semiconductor processing, History of chemistry - Notes

Read more here: » History of chemistry: Encyclopedia II - History of chemistry - Quantum chemistry

Classically, before the 20th century, chemistry was defined as the science of the nature of matter and its transformations. It was therefore clearly distinct from physics who was not concerned with such dramatic transformation of matter. Moreover, in contrast to physics, chemistry was not using much of mathematics. Even some were particularly reluctant to using mathematics within chemistry. For example, Auguste Comte wrote in 1830: Every attempt to employ mathematical methods in the study of chemical questions must be conside ...

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History of chemistry, History of chemistry - Early developments, History of chemistry - Origins, History of chemistry - The vitalism debate and organic chemistry, History of chemistry - The dispute about atomism, History of chemistry - The periodic table, History of chemistry - Industrial exploitation, History of chemistry - The modern definition of chemistry, History of chemistry - Quantum chemistry, History of chemistry - Molecular biology and biochemistry, History of chemistry - Semiconductor processing, History of chemistry - Notes

Read more here: » History of chemistry: Encyclopedia II - History of chemistry - The modern definition of chemistry

Unlike most semiconductors, germanium has a small band gap, allowing it to efficiently respond to infrared light. It is therefore used in infrared spectroscopes and other optical equipment which require extremely sensitive infrared detectors. Its oxide's index of refraction and dispersion properties make germanium useful in wide-angle camera lenses and in microscope objective lenses. Germanium transistors are still used in some stompboxes by musicians who wish to reproduce the distinctive tonal character of the "fuzz"-tone from the ea ...

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Germanium, Germanium - Notable characteristics, Germanium - History, Germanium - Applications, Germanium - Occurrence, Germanium - Compounds

Read more here: » Germanium: Encyclopedia II - Germanium - Applications

This metal is found in argyrodite (sulfide of germanium and silver); coal; germanite; zinc ores; and other minerals. Germanium is obtained commercially from zinc ore processing smelter dust and from the combustion by-products of certain coals. A large reserve of this element is therefore in coal sources. This metalloid can be extracted from other metals by fractional distillation of its volatile tetrachloride. This technique permits the production of ultra-high purity germanium. In 1997 the cost of germanium was about US$3 per gram. The yearend price for germanium in 2000 was ...

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Germanium, Germanium - Notable characteristics, Germanium - History, Germanium - Applications, Germanium - Occurrence, Germanium - Compounds

Read more here: » Germanium: Encyclopedia II - Germanium - Occurrence