Abraham (אַבְרָהָם "Father/Leader of many", (circa 1700 BCE) Standard Hebrew Avraham, Tiberian Hebrew ʾAḇrāhām; Arabic ابراهيم Ibrāhīm; Geez አብርሃም ʾAbrəham) is regarded as a patriarch of Israelite religion, recognized by Judaism and later Christianity, and a very important prophet in Islam. Traditions regarding his life are given ...

Including:

• Abraham - Abraham in Judaism
• Abraham - Abraham in Christianity
• Abraham - Abraham in Islam
• Abraham - Abraham in philosophy
• Abraham - Abraham and his descendants Biblical Perspective
• Abraham - Arab connection
• Abraham - Slavery
• Abraham - Modern historical criticism

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Achmet, son of Seirim (Gk. Achmet huios Seireim), the author of a work on the Interpretation of Dreams, Oneirocritica, is probably the same person as Abu Bekr Mohammed Ben Sirin, whose work on the same subject is still extant in Arabic in the Royal Library at Paris, (Catal. Cod. Manuscr, Biblioth. Reg. Paris, vol. i. p. 230, cod. mccx,) and who was born A.H. 33, (A.D. 653-4) and died A.H. 110. (A.D. 728-9.) (See Nicoll and Pusey, Catal. Cod. Manuscr. Arab. Biblioth. Bodl. p. 516.) This conjecture will seem

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A beard is the hair that grows on a man's chin, cheeks, neck, and the area above the upper lip (the opposite is a clean-shaven face). When differentiating between upper and lower facial hair, a beard specifically refers to the facial hair on the lower part of a man's chin (excluding the moustache, which refers to hair on the upper lip). In the course of history, men with facial hair have been ascribed various attributes such as wisdom, sexual potency, or high status, but also a lack of cleanliness and refinement, or an eccentri ...

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• Beard - History
• Beard - The Ancient and Classical world
• Beard - From the Renaissance to the present day
• Beard - Modern attitudes in America
• Beard - Beards in Religion
• Beard - Early Christian attitudes
• Beard - Modern prohibition of beards
• Beard - Sport
• Beard - The Armed Forces
• Beard - Sayings about beards
• Beard - Beard styles
• Beard - Reference

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Sidon, Zidon or Saida, (Arabic صيدا Ṣaydā; Hebrew צִידוֹן, Standard Hebrew Ẓidon, Tiberian Hebrew Ṣîḏōn) is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is on the Mediterranean coast, about 25 miles north of Tyre and 30 miles south of the capital Beirut. Its name means a fishery. Sidon - History. It was one of the most important Phoenician cities, and may have been the oldest. From here, and other ports, a great Mediterranean commercial ...

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• Sidon - History
• Sidon - Sidon today
• Sidon - Biblical Sidon

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Turquoise (or turquois) is opaque, blue-to-green hydrated copper aluminium phosphate mineral according to the chemical formula CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·5H2O. It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been enjoyed as a gem and ornamental stone for thousands of years owing to its unique hue. In recent times turquoise—like most other opaque gems— ...

Including:

• Turquoise - Properties
• Turquoise - Formation
• Turquoise - Occurrence
• Turquoise - Iran
• Turquoise - Sinai
• Turquoise - United States
• Turquoise - Other sources
• Turquoise - History of use
• Turquoise - Imitations
• Turquoise - Treatments
• Turquoise - Valuation and care

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Vultures are scavenging birds, feeding mostly from carcasses of dead animals. Vultures are found in every continent but Antarctica and Oceania. A particular characteristic of many vultures is a bald head, devoid of feathers. This is likely because a feathered head would become spattered with blood and other fluids, and thus be difficult to keep clean. Vultures fall into two groups. The Old World vultures belong to the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, Kites, buzzards and hawks. These are found in Africa, Asia and Eur ...

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• Vulture - Cadavers
• Vulture - Vultures in culture
• Vulture - Ancient Egypt
• Vulture - Western culture

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Natib Qadish is also known as Canaanite Paganism, Canaanite Neopaganism, or Canaanite Reconstructionism. Natib Qadish - Definition. Natib Qadish is a modern polytheistic religion based upon the religious practices of ancient Canaan and the veneration of the Canaanite Deities. This religion is often included under the “umbrella” category of modern Paganism, Neopaganism, or Reconstructionism. To the ancient Canaanites, religion was inherently a part of life such that they did not have a sepa ...

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• Natib Qadish - Definition
• Natib Qadish - Geography
• Natib Qadish - History
• Natib Qadish - Deities
• Natib Qadish - Sacred Texts Legends Epics
• Natib Qadish - Beliefs and Practices
• Natib Qadish - Offerings Sacrifices and Libations
• Natib Qadish - Ethics
• Natib Qadish - Holidays and Observances
• Natib Qadish - Shanat Qadish
• Natib Qadish - Lunar Observances
• Natib Qadish - Misconceptions
• Natib Qadish - Resources
• Natib Qadish - Further Reading
• Natib Qadish - Internet Resources
• Natib Qadish - Online Communities

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"Yona" (also sometimes "Yonaka") is a Pali word used in ancient India to designate ancient Greek people. Its equivalent in Sanskrit is the word "Yavana". "Yona" and "Yavana" are both transliterations of the Greek word for "Ionians" (Homer Iāones, older *Iāwones), who were probably the first Greeks to be known in the East. Yona - Old World usage. This usage was shared by many of the countries east of Greece, from the Mediterranean to India and China: Egyptians used ...

Including:

• Yona - Old World usage
• Yona - Indian references
• Yona - Role in Buddhism
• Yona - Invasion of India
• Yona - Scientific abilities
• Yona - Other references
• Yona - The Yonas and other northwestern invaders in Indian literature
• Yona - Later meanings
• Yona - Contemporary usage
• Yona - Notes
• Yona - External link

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Italian culture is as varied and diverse as the Italian people. The culture of Italy can be found in the Roman ruins remaining in much of the country, the laws and philosophy of the Roman Catholic Church, the architecture, and on the terraces of the many football clubs. It can also be tasted in Italy's magnificent food. Culture of Italy - Name. People of Italy are usually referred to as Italian(s) as a whole. However, there are many regional groups that go by their ethnic name, such as Lombards, Sicilians, ...

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• Culture of Italy - Name
• Culture of Italy - Food
• Culture of Italy - Sports
• Culture of Italy - Education
• Culture of Italy - Languages of Italy
• Culture of Italy - Religion in Italy
• Culture of Italy - Islam in Italy
• Culture of Italy - Art
• Culture of Italy - Italian cinema and theatre
• Culture of Italy - Architecture
• Culture of Italy - Music of Italy
• Culture of Italy - Chant
• Culture of Italy - Italian hip hop
• Culture of Italy - Music of Central Italy
• Culture of Italy - Music of Genoa and Northern Italy
• Culture of Italy - Music of Naples
• Culture of Italy - Music of Sardinia
• Culture of Italy - Music of Sicily

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not a complete list Agestrata Anoplognathus Augosoma Canthon Chrysina Chalcosoma Chelorrhina Cheirolasia Cheirotonus Cotinis Dynastes Eudicella Goliathus Megsoma Onthophagus Pachnoda Phanaeus Plusiotis Ranzania Rhomborrhina ...

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• Scarab beetle - The Scarabs of Ancient Egypt
• Scarab beetle - Gallery

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Carchemish (pr. kArkemish or karkEmish; called Europus by the Romans) was an important ancient city of the Mitanni and Hittite empires, now on the frontier between Turkey and Syria. It was the location of an important battle between the Babylonians and Egyptians, mentioned in the Bible. The city is said to be known locally as Jarablos (also Jarâblos) [1] , linking it to the Biblical city of Jerablus; a corrupted form on the name is Djerabis. Carchemish - The si ...

Including:

• Carchemish - The site
• Carchemish - History
• Carchemish - Rediscovery and exploration
• Carchemish - Kings of Carchemish
• Carchemish - Books

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Gymnosophists is the name (meaning "naked philosophers") given by the Greeks to certain ancient Indian philosophers who pursued asceticism to the point of regarding food and clothing as detrimental to purity of thought. Diogenes Laertius (ix. 61 and 63) refers to them, and asserts that Pyrrho of Elis, the founder of pure scepticism, came under their influence, and on his return to Elis imitated their habits of life; howe ...

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Cartography or mapmaking (in Greek chartis = map and graphein = write) is the study and practice of making maps or globes. Maps have traditionally been made using pen and paper, but the advent and spread of computers has revolutionized cartography. Most commercial quality maps are now made with map making software that falls into one of three main types; CAD, GIS, and specialized map illustration software. Maps function as visualization tools for spatial data. Spatial data is acquired from measurement and c ...

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• Cartography - History
• Cartography - Technological changes
• Cartography - Map types
• Cartography - Naming conventions

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Cotton is a soft fiber that grows around the seeds of the Cotton plant (Gossypium spp.), a shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old World and the New World. The fibre is most often spun into thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile. Cotton is a valuable crop because only about 10% of the raw weight is lost in processing. Once traces of wax, protein, etc. are removed, the remainder is a natural polymer of pure cellulose. This cellulose is arranged in a way that gives cotton unique pro ...

Including:

• Cotton - History
• Cotton - Production
• Cotton - Uses
• Cotton - Fair trade
• Cotton - Old British cotton yarn measures
• Cotton - References and further reading

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An aureola or aureole (diminutive of Latin aura, "air") is the radiance of luminous cloud which, in paintings of sacred personages, surrounds the whole figure. In the earliest periods of Christian art this splendour was confined to the figures of the persons of the Christian Godhead, but it was afterwards extended to the Virgin Mary and to several of the saints. The aureola, when enveloping the whole body, generally appears oval or elliptical in form, but occasionally circular or quatrefoil. When it appears merely ...

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A ball is a round object that is used most often in sports and games. Balls are usually hollow and spherical but can be other shapes, such as ovoid (only in a few special cases) or solid (as in billiards) and flat (as in ice hockey). In most games using balls, the play of the game follows the state of the ball as it is hit, kicked, or thrown by players. Balls are often used in ball dropping functions such as in the famous Times Square New Year's Eve ceremony. Balls were used in ancient times by the early Egyptians, the ancient Greeks and Romans, and t ...

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• Ball - Popular ball games

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Bloodletting (or blood-letting, in modern medicine referred to as phlebotomy) was a popular medical practice from antiquity up to the late 19th century, involving the withdrawal of often considerable quantities of blood from a patient in the belief that this would cure or prevent illness and disease. The practice has been largely abandoned due to its proven ineffectiveness against all but a few conditions. The term "phlebotomy" is still sometimes used for the taking of blood for laboratory analysis or blood transf ...

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• Bloodletting - Bloodletting in the ancient world
• Bloodletting - Bloodletting in the last millennium
• Bloodletting - Phlebotomy today

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Color psychology is a field of study devoted to analyzing the effect of color on human behavior and feeling, distinct from phototherapy (the use of ultraviolet light to cure infantile jaundice). Color psychology is an immature field of study viewed dubiously by mainstream psychologists and therefore qualifies as "alternative medicine". Critics view it as an overstatement of what can be justified by research, and point out that different cultu ...

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• Color psychology - Cultural contexts of colors
• Color psychology - Criticism

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A hypocephalus is a small disk-shaped object made of papyrus, stuccoed linen, bronze, gold, wood, or clay, which Egyptians placed under the head of their dead ("hypocephalus" = hypó {Greek: "under, below"} + cephalus {Latin: "head"}). They believed it would magically cause the head and body to be enveloped in flames or radiance, making the deceased divine. Hypocephali symbolized the eye of Ra or Horus, representing the sun, and the scenes portrayed on it relate to the Egyptian concept of the resurrection and life ...

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In Egyptian mythology, Khepri (also spelt Khepera, Kheper, Chepri, Khepra) is the name of a minor god. The origin of belief in Khepri lies in the observation that Scarab beetles have a habit of pushing large balls of dung around, and so some Egyptians came up with the idea that the sun moved across the sky because it was being pushed by such a beetle. Since Khepri was considered to push the sun, he gradually came to embody aspe ...

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Pasha (or pascha, bashaw; Turkish: paşa) originally from Persian padshah or padeshah meaning "king") was a high rank in the Ottoman Empire political system, typically granted to governors and generals. As an honorary title, "Pasha" is roughly equivalent to "Sir". Pasha - Role in Ottoman political system. The sultan of Turkey and (by delegation) the khedive of Egypt had the right to bestow the title of Pasha. The title appears, originally, to have applied exclusivel ...

Including:

• Pasha - Role in Ottoman political system
• Pasha - Honorific
• Pasha - Etymology
• Pasha - List of Notable pashas

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Montmorillonite is a very soft phyllosilicate mineral that typically forms in microscopic crystals, forming a clay. Montmorillonite, a member of the smectite family, is a 2:1 clay, meaning that it has 2 tetrahedral sheets sandwiching a central octahedral sheet. The particles are plate-shaped with an average diameter of approximately 1 micrometre. The particle thickness is extremely small (~ 1 nm). It is the main constituent of the volcanic ash weathering product, bentonite. Montmorillonite's water content is variable and it inc ...

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• Montmorillonite - Reference

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