The primary objectives of the Viking orbiters were to transport the landers to Mars, perform reconnaissance to locate and certify landing sites, act as a communications relays for the landers, and to perform their own scientific investigations. The orbiter, based on the earlier Mariner 9 spacecraft, was an octagon approximately 2.5 m across. The total launch mass was 2328 kg, of which 1445 kg were propellant and attitude control gas. The eight faces of the ring-like structure were 0.4572 m high and were alternately 1.397 and 0.508 m wide. Th ...

See also:

Viking program, Viking program - Spacecraft design, Viking program - The Lander, Viking program - Mission End, Viking program - Results of the Biological Experiments, Viking program - External Link

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On January 18, 2001, he addressed the nation one last time on television from the Oval Office of the White House, two days before handing over the presidency to George W. Bush, whose father he had defeated in 1992. Like many former American presidents, Clinton has engaged in a career as a public speaker on a variety of issues. In these, he continues to comment on aspects of contemporary politics. One notable theme is his advocacy of multilateral solutions to problems facing the world. Clinton's close relationship with the African Amer ...

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Bill Clinton, Bill Clinton - Early years, Bill Clinton - Arkansas political career and education, Bill Clinton - Presidency, Bill Clinton - Presidential campaign, Bill Clinton - Significant events, Bill Clinton - Legislation and programs, Bill Clinton - Cabinet, Bill Clinton - Supreme Court appointments, Bill Clinton - The economy, Bill Clinton - Trade, Bill Clinton - Foreign policy, Bill Clinton - Impeachment and controversies, Bill Clinton - Timeline, Bill Clinton - Public approval, Bill Clinton - Public image, Bill Clinton - Post-presidential career, Bill Clinton - Trivia

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Taylor and his wife were baptized as Mormons in 1836 after meeting with Church apostle Parley P. Pratt in Toronto, and they were active in the preaching and organization of the church in Canada. They then moved to Far West, Missouri, where Taylor was ordained an Apostle on December 19, 1838. He assisted other church members as they fled frequent conflict to Commerce, Illinois. In 1839 he and some of his fellow apostles brought the words of Joseph Smith to Ireland and the Isle of Man as missionaries. He returned to the Mormon-built city of Na ...

See also:

John Taylor 1808-1887, John Taylor 1808-1887 - Church service, John Taylor 1808-1887 - Actions as Church President

Read more here: » John Taylor 1808-1887: Encyclopedia II - John Taylor 1808-1887 - Church service

Sacramento California - Geography. Elevation: 25 feet (8 m). Latitude: 38° 31' N. – Longitude: 121° 30' W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 257.0 km² (99.2 mi²). 251.6 km² (97.2 mi²) of it is land and 5.4 km² (2.1 mi²) of it is water; 2.1% of the area is water. The population in 2000 was 407,018; the 1980 population was 275, ...

See also:

Sacramento California, Sacramento California - History, Sacramento California - The lost frontier, Sacramento California - From pioneers to gold fever, Sacramento California - Capital city, Sacramento California - The modern era, Sacramento California - Geography and climate, Sacramento California - Geography, Sacramento California - Climate, Sacramento California - Neighborhoods, Sacramento California - Demographics, Sacramento California - Education, Sacramento California - Culture, Sacramento California - Sports and recreation, Sacramento California - Notable residents, Sacramento California - Arts, Sacramento California - Transportation, Sacramento California - Amtrak service, Sacramento California - Other transportation options, Sacramento California - Sister cities

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1975 in Prophecy! is a digest-size booklet warning of an upcoming nuclear war and subsequent enslavement of mankind, leading to the return of Jesus Christ as a benign dictator. It was written by Herbert W. Armstrong and illustrated by Basil Wolverton of Mad magazine fame, published in 1956 by the Radio Church of God. No longer in print, it is now valued for its illustrations. 1975 in Prophecy! - Summary. The events described were to begin shortly after February 1972 and climax during 1975. Armstrong ...

Including:

• 1975 in Prophecy! - Summary
• 1975 in Prophecy! - Story outline
• 1975 in Prophecy! - Literary style
• 1975 in Prophecy! - Fact fantasy and fear
• 1975 in Prophecy! - Distributed worldwide
• 1975 in Prophecy! - Footnotes
• 1975 in Prophecy! - External link

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Main article: History of Jamaica The original Arawak or Taino people from South America, first settled on the island between 1000 and 400 BC. They became virtually extinct following contact with Europeans. Jamaica was claimed for Spain after Christopher Columbus first landed there in 1494. Columbus used it as his family's private estate. The English Admiral William Penn (father of William Penn of Pennsylvania) and General Venables seized the island in 1655. During its first 200 years of British rule, Jamaica became the w ...

See also:

Jamaica, Jamaica - History, Jamaica - Politics, Jamaica - Geography, Jamaica - Economy, Jamaica - Demographics, Jamaica - Emigration, Jamaica - Education, Jamaica - Military, Jamaica - Parishes and counties, Jamaica - Culture, Jamaica - Miscellaneous topics

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George W. Jenkins opened the first Publix market in Winter Haven, Florida, in 1930. In 1934 his single store managed US$120,000 in sales. The next year, in 1935, he opened a second location, the Economy Food Store in Winter Haven. Despite the Great Depression, his stores were surprisingly successful. In 1940, Jenkins (affectionately called 'Mr. George' by his employees) mortgaged an orange grove to build Florida's first supermarket. His "food palace" had, among other things, piped-in music, air conditioning, cold cases for frozen and ...

See also:

Publix, Publix - History, Publix - Ethnic specialties, Publix - Controversy, Publix - Publix Trivia

Read more here: » Publix: Encyclopedia II - Publix - History

See also: Boston transportation Greater Boston - Highways. Central Artery/Tunnel Project (Interstate 93 within Boston) Interstate 95: North to New Hampshire and Maine; south to Providence, Rhode Island and beyond US Route 1 Interstate 93: North to New Hampshire; south to Canton US Route 3 Massachusetts Route 2: Northwest and west The Massachusetts Turnpike (Interstate 90): West to Framingham, Massachusetts and beyond Massachusetts ...

See also:

Greater Boston, Greater Boston - Major companies, Greater Boston - Sports, Greater Boston - Higher education, Greater Boston - Historical figures and celebrities, Greater Boston - Transportation, Greater Boston - Highways, Greater Boston - Bridges and tunnels, Greater Boston - Airports, Greater Boston - Rail transportation, Greater Boston - Ocean transportation, Greater Boston - Geography

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Pseudonyms are adopted by resistance fighters, terrorists and guerrillas often to make enquiries more difficult, to seek and create an aura of mystery, and to protect their families from reprisal, although other reasons may often be included. The expression nom de guerre (IPA: /nɒm də gɛɹ/, "name of war") is often used for such pseudonyms (though this expression is rarely, if ever, actually used in French). It is occasionally used as a ...

See also:

Pseudonym, Pseudonym - Pseudonyms in print, Pseudonym - Regnal name, Pseudonym - Nom de guerre, Pseudonym - The origin of nom de guerre, Pseudonym - Radio, Pseudonym - Computers, Pseudonym - Pseudonyms in entertainment, Pseudonym - Other pseudonyms

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Quantitative notation of concentration is far more informative and useful from a scientific point of view. There are a number of different ways to quantitatively express concentration; the most common are listed below. Note: Many units of concentration require measurement of a substance's volume, which is variable depending on ambient temperature and pressure. Unless otherwise stated, all the following measurements are assumed to be at standard state temperature and pressure (that is, 25 degrees Celsius at 1 atmosphere or 101.325 kPa).

See also:

Concentration, Concentration - Qualitative notation, Concentration - Quantitative notation, Concentration - Mass percentage, Concentration - Mass-volume percentage, Concentration - Volume-volume percentage, Concentration - Molarity, Concentration - Molality, Concentration - Molinity, Concentration - Normality, Concentration - Mole fraction, Concentration - Formal, Concentration - Parts-per notation, Concentration - Techniques used to determine concentration, Concentration - Table of concentration measures

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Today, "London" usually refers to the conurbation known as Greater London, which is divided into thirty-two London Boroughs and the City of London and forms the London region of England. Historically, "London" referred to the square mile of the City of London at the conurbation's heart, from which the city grew. Between 1889 and 1965 it referred to the former County of London which covered the area now known as Inner London. The metropolitan area of the County of London was previously c ...

See also:

London, London - Defining London, London - Geography and climate, London - History, London - Modern London, London - Culture, London - London Districts, London - Central London, London - City of London, London - The West End, London - East London, London - The East End, London - Docklands, London - West London, London - North London, London - South London, London - Demographics, London - Government, London - Business and economy, London - Transport and infrastructure, London - Education, London - Media, London - Technology, London - Style and fashion, London - Religion, London - Sport, London - Tourist attractions, London - Places of interest, London - List of hotels in London, London - Buildings and monuments, London - Museums and galleries, London - Markets and shopping areas, London - Parks and gardens, London - Other places of interest, London - London in the arts, London - Literature featuring London, London - Films featuring London, London - Television programmes featuring London, London - Songs featuring London, London - Video Games featuring London, London - Major exhibitions staged in London, London - Parades

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The history of Bengal can be divided according to the religion of its rulers. Also see History of Bengal and Bengal Renaissance. Bengal - Early History. One of the earliest historical references to be found to date is the mention of a land named Gangaridai by the Greeks around 100 BC. The word is speculated to have come from Gangahrd (Land with the Ganges in its heart) and believed to be referring to an area in Bengal. More concrete evidence of Bengal becoming a political entity is found in the 6th century, with the first recorded independent king of Bengal ...

See also:

Bengal, Bengal - History, Bengal - Early History, Bengal - Muslim Rule, Bengal - British Rule, Bengal - Independence, Bengal - Rulers of Bengal, Bengal - Pala Dynasty, Bengal - Sena Dynasty, Bengal - Ilyas Dynasty, Bengal - Ganesa Dynasty, Bengal - Ilyas Dynasty, Bengal - Habshis Dynasty, Bengal - Husaini Dynasty, Bengal - Suri Dynasty, Bengal - Karani Kararani Dynasty, Bengal - Nawabs of Bengal, Bengal - Maps during British rule on external sites

Read more here: » Bengal: Encyclopedia II - Bengal - History

In 2001, Milian released her first solo single, "AM To PM", off her self-titled debut album. It became a worldwide hit reaching the top 5 in the UK and Denmark, top 10 in the Netherlands, and top 40 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and in Australia. The success of "AM To PM" sparked the international release of the Christina Milian album although not in the U.S. The second single "When You Look At Me" was another international hit reaching the top 5 in the UK, Netherlands, and Ireland and making the top 40 in Denmark, Australia, and Fran ...

See also:

Christina Milian, Christina Milian - Early years, Christina Milian - Career success, Christina Milian - Discography, Christina Milian - Albums, Christina Milian - Singles, Christina Milian - Album appearances, Christina Milian - Soundtrack appearances, Christina Milian - Filmography, Christina Milian - Awards & nominations

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"Jabberwocky" has become famous around the world, with translations into many languages, including Spanish, German, Latin, French, Italian, Czech, Hungarian, Russian, Bulgarian, Japanese, Polish and Esperanto. The task of translation is the more notable and difficult because many of the principal words of the poem were simply made up by Carroll, having had no previous meaning. What the translators have done with the invented words, it appears, is to make up words of their own that have a minimal Levenshtein distance (up to homophones) from C ...

See also:

Jabberwocky, Jabberwocky - The poem, Jabberwocky - Glossary, Jabberwocky - Pronunciation, Jabberwocky - Origin and structure, Jabberwocky - Translations, Jabberwocky - Derivative works, Jabberwocky - References in popular culture

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The swastika is a holy symbol in Hinduism, Jainism, Heathenry and Buddhism. In the West, it is more widely known as symbol of Nazism. The motif seems to have first been used in Neolithic Eurasia. However, it was also adopted in Native American cultures, seemingly independently. The swastika is now used universally in religious and civil ceremonies in India. Most Indian temples, weddings, festivals and celebrations are decorated with swastikas. The symbol was introduced to Southeast Asia by Hindu kings and remains an integral part of B ...

See also:

Swastika, Swastika - Overview, Swastika - Etymology and alternative names, Swastika - History, Swastika - Comet/bird hypothesis, Swastika - Early Hinduism, Swastika - Adoption of the swastika in the West, Swastika - Geometry and symbolism, Swastika - Sauwastika, Swastika - Art and architecture, Swastika - Religion and mythology, Swastika - Hinduism, Swastika - Buddhism, Swastika - Jainism, Swastika - The Abrahamic religions, Swastika - Other Asian traditions, Swastika - Native American traditions, Swastika - Pre-Christian European traditions, Swastika - Early 20th century, Swastika - Britain, Swastika - North America, Swastika - Russia, Swastika - Poland, Swastika - Finland, Swastika - Sweden, Swastika - Latvia, Swastika - Icelandic, Swastika - Ireland, Swastika - Nazi Germany, Swastika - Taboo in Western countries, Swastika - Popular culture and media, Swastika - Notes

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The closest piece of land is the island of Fernando de Noronha 630 km to the Southwest. The rocks are part of Pernambuco state, Brazil. The highest of the rocks, Southwest Rock, has an elevation of 22.5 m, are peaks of the largely submarine Mid-Atlantic Ridge that extend above the water level. The rocks are scattered across an area that measures 350 m North-South and 200 m East-West. The total land area is about 10,000 m². The exact location is given as 00°55′08″N, ...

See also:

Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks - Geography, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks - Structures, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks - Biology, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks - History

Read more here: » Saint Peter and Paul Rocks: Encyclopedia II - Saint Peter and Paul Rocks - Geography

Abwehr - Before the War. Before he took over the Abwehr on January 1, the soon-to-be Admiral Canaris was warned by Patzig of attempts by Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich to take over all German intelligence organs. Canaris, a master of backroom dealings which were so much a part of life, thought he knew how to deal with them. But even while he tried to maintain an at-least cordial relationship with them, the antagonism between the Abweh ...

See also:

Abwehr, Abwehr - The Abwehr before Canaris, Abwehr - The Abwehr under Canaris, Abwehr - Before the War, Abwehr - The Abwehr During World War II, Abwehr - The Frau Solf Tea Party and the End of the Abwehr, Abwehr - Chiefs of the Abwehr

Read more here: » Abwehr: Encyclopedia II - Abwehr - The Abwehr under Canaris

Pitt traditionally has had a rivalry with Penn State University. Formerly independent powers of college football in the East, Pitt and Penn State played each other on an annual basis for state bragging rights as well as recruiting advantage. The rivalry started in 1905 and continued even when Pitt joined the Big East Conference in 1982. However, Penn State joining the Big Ten Conference in 1992, as well as disagreements betwe ...

See also:

University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh - Location, University of Pittsburgh - Education, University of Pittsburgh - Athletics, University of Pittsburgh - Rivalries, University of Pittsburgh - Notable alumni, University of Pittsburgh - Footnotes

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Freeters - Difficulties starting their own household. There are a number of mostly negative effects of the freeter lifestyle. First of all is the low income of the freeter, which usually does not permit them to establish their own household. Instead, most freeters live for free with their parents as parasite singles. However, while living with the parents is not necessarily a bad thing, it is not feasible in the long term. While parents in Japan usually do not force their offspring out of the house, there are a number of reasons why the c ...

See also:

Freeters, Freeters - Current Situation, Freeters - Causes, Freeters - Effects, Freeters - Difficulties starting their own household, Freeters - Difficulties starting a career, Freeters - The marriage option, Freeters - Health and pension insurance, Freeters - Freedom of Choice, Freeters - Effect for the Japanese society

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Even though upper-secondary school is not compulsory in Japan, 94 percent of all lower-secondary school graduates entered upper secondary schools in 1989. Private upper-secondary schools account for about 24 percent of all upper-secondary schools, and neither public nor private schools are free. The Ministry of Education estimated that annual family expenses for the education of a child in a public upper-secondary school were about ･300,000 Yen (US$2,142) in both 1986 and 1987 ...

See also:

Secondary education in Japan, Secondary education in Japan - Secondary vs. High school, Secondary education in Japan - Lower-Secondary School Junior high school, Secondary education in Japan - Upper Secondary School, Secondary education in Japan - Curriculum, Secondary education in Japan - Teachers, Secondary education in Japan - School codes, Secondary education in Japan - Minorities, Secondary education in Japan - Job placement, Secondary education in Japan - After-school activities, Secondary education in Japan - Special Education, Secondary education in Japan - Reference

Read more here: » Secondary education in Japan: Encyclopedia II - Secondary education in Japan - Upper Secondary School

Hikikomori - Typical patterns for hikikomori behavior. The lack of social contact and prolonged solitude has a profound effect on the mentality of the hikikomori, who gradually lose their social skills and the necessary social references and mores of the outside world. Anguished about their isolation and acutely self aware of their problem, they immerse themselves into the fantasy worlds of manga, television or computer games, which in turn become their only frame of reference. As time passes, the hikikomori, lac ...

See also:

Hikikomori, Hikikomori - Causes, Hikikomori - Three contributing factors, Hikikomori - Social pressures to conform, Hikikomori - Withdrawal symptoms, Hikikomori - The phenomenon's effects on its victims, Hikikomori - Typical patterns for hikikomori behavior, Hikikomori - Violence and hikikomori, Hikikomori - Media and the hikikomori, Hikikomori - Reaction of the parents, Hikikomori - Treatment, Hikikomori - The Psychological argument on hikikomori, Hikikomori - The Socialization argument on hikikomori, Hikikomori - Worldwide, Hikikomori - Related Japanese topics, Hikikomori - Medical diagnoses for hikikomori behaviors

Read more here: » Hikikomori: Encyclopedia II - Hikikomori - The phenomenon's effects on its victims

The Japan Institute of Labor classifies freeter into three groups, the moratorium type that wants to wait before starting a career, the dream pursuing type, and the no alternative type. Some freeters belong to more than one group. The moratorium and dream pursuing type of freeter deliberately chooses not to join the rat race in the usually strict and conservative companies (see: Culture of Japan) but instead wants to take a time-out to enjoy life or have specific dreams incompatible with a standard J ...

See also:

Freeters, Freeters - Current Situation, Freeters - Causes, Freeters - Effects, Freeters - Difficulties starting their own household, Freeters - Difficulties starting a career, Freeters - The marriage option, Freeters - Health and pension insurance, Freeters - Freedom of Choice, Freeters - Effect for the Japanese society

Read more here: » Freeters: Encyclopedia II - Freeters - Causes