Little is known of Baer's youth, and scarcely more of the interval preceding his conversion to Hasidism. In all probability he was educated, according to the custom then prevalent in Poland, in classical rabbinic literature. He preached in Rowno and Meseritz. Though never a rabbi, Baer was an accomplished Talmudist so far as is known, despite the contrary assertions of his opponents. He became enthusiastic about Isaac Luria's system of Kabbalah, then becoming more popular. At the same time he was an enthusiastic admirer of Moses Hayyim Luzzatto, whose writings, then only in manuscript, had consider ...

See also:

Dovber of Mezeritch, Dovber of Mezeritch - Biography, Dovber of Mezeritch - His Visit to Besht, Dovber of Mezeritch - Leader of the Hasidim, Dovber of Mezeritch - Spread of Hasidism, Dovber of Mezeritch - His Public Audiences, Dovber of Mezeritch - Opposition of the Rabbis, Dovber of Mezeritch - Baer's Published Utterances, Dovber of Mezeritch - His view of God, Dovber of Mezeritch - On the ecstasy of prayer, Dovber of Mezeritch - The role of the Tzaddik holy saint-like figure

Read more here: » Dovber of Mezeritch: Encyclopedia II - Dovber of Mezeritch - Biography

It was his poor health that caused Baer to seek the Besht, though he found in him a physician for the soul rather than for the body. The date of their meeting, and the manner in which Besht brought about the conversion of the seemingly confirmed ascetic, are not accurately known. The Hasidic legend concerning this episode has it that Baer, who had heard much of Besht, visited him to satisfy himself of the truth or falsity of the current reports of Besht's remarkable powers. Arrived at the latter's house, and admitted to his presence, Baer expected to hear profound mysteries expounded; instead, Besht ...

See also:

Dovber of Mezeritch, Dovber of Mezeritch - Biography, Dovber of Mezeritch - His Visit to Besht, Dovber of Mezeritch - Leader of the Hasidim, Dovber of Mezeritch - Spread of Hasidism, Dovber of Mezeritch - His Public Audiences, Dovber of Mezeritch - Opposition of the Rabbis, Dovber of Mezeritch - Baer's Published Utterances, Dovber of Mezeritch - His view of God, Dovber of Mezeritch - On the ecstasy of prayer, Dovber of Mezeritch - The role of the Tzaddik holy saint-like figure

Read more here: » Dovber of Mezeritch: Encyclopedia II - Dovber of Mezeritch - His Visit to Besht

The legend is correct in so far as it intimates that Baer learned through his connection with Besht to value everyday things and events, and to emphasize the proper spirit through which alone the study of the Torah is made a source of knowledge and enlightenment. Under the guidance of Besht, Baer abandoned his ascetic mode of life, and in consequence recovered from the disease which had led him to seek out the Hasid leader. Although their intercourse covered not more than the last two years of Besht's life, yet the association was intimate enough to cause Baer to be considered as Besht's heir pres ...

See also:

Dovber of Mezeritch, Dovber of Mezeritch - Biography, Dovber of Mezeritch - His Visit to Besht, Dovber of Mezeritch - Leader of the Hasidim, Dovber of Mezeritch - Spread of Hasidism, Dovber of Mezeritch - His Public Audiences, Dovber of Mezeritch - Opposition of the Rabbis, Dovber of Mezeritch - Baer's Published Utterances, Dovber of Mezeritch - His view of God, Dovber of Mezeritch - On the ecstasy of prayer, Dovber of Mezeritch - The role of the Tzaddik holy saint-like figure

Read more here: » Dovber of Mezeritch: Encyclopedia II - Dovber of Mezeritch - Leader of the Hasidim

Pentecostal and Charismatic Christians and organizations have, either fairly or unfairly, been subjected to numerous criticisms by both those within the Christian faith, as well as by those in the wider world. The debate between Charismatic and non-Charismatic Christians occurs at several levels. One fundamendal theological question is usually whether the charismata described in the New Testament and apparently widely used by Jesus, the Apostles and early church leaders were a special dispensation for New Testament times only, ...

See also:

Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - The nature of criticism, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Criticisms from Evangelical Christians, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Blessings money and prosperity, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Exegesis, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Influences of the Latter Rain Movement, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Oneness Pentecostals, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Scripture authority and guidance, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Speaking in Tongues, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Theology of worship, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Criticisms from Catholic and/or Orthodox Christians, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Medical/Scientific Criticisms, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Faith Healing, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Prosperity and Faith, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Religious ecstasy as a psychological phenomenon, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Word of Faith theology, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Criticisms from within the Pentecostal / Charismatic movement, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Authoritative leadership, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Psychological Abuse, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Theological scholarship

Read more here: » Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief: Encyclopedia II - Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - The nature of criticism

'Hard drugs' are generally drugs considered to create a high degree of physical dependence (i.e. addiction) or considered to be a serious detriment to society or personal health. Illegal supply of these so called hard drugs is driven mainly by the economics of drug prohibition coupled with the addiction of their users, with huge profit margins available due to the collision of high demand for the drugs with harsh laws that attempt to prohibit their supply and use. The vast profits on offer mean that the trade is run by highly or ...

See also:

Illegal drug trade, Illegal drug trade - Soft drugs, Illegal drug trade - Anabolic steroids trade, Illegal drug trade - Cannabis trade, Illegal drug trade - Ecstasy MDMA trade, Illegal drug trade - Ketamine trade, Illegal drug trade - LSD trade, Illegal drug trade - GHB trade, Illegal drug trade - PCP trade, Illegal drug trade - Psilocybin Mushroom trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal alcohol trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal tobacco trade, Illegal drug trade - Hard drugs, Illegal drug trade - Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Crack Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Heroin and opium trade, Illegal drug trade - Methamphetamine trade, Illegal drug trade - Manufacturing and processing, Illegal drug trade - Distribution and wholesaling, Illegal drug trade - Retail selling, Illegal drug trade - Rising influence Of Mexican cartels in drug trafficking in the U.S., Illegal drug trade - Punishments in various countries, Illegal drug trade - Australia, Illegal drug trade - The Netherlands/Holland, Illegal drug trade - Indonesia

Read more here: » Illegal drug trade: Encyclopedia II - Illegal drug trade - Hard drugs

See also: Cambridge Declaration A number of critics of Pentecostal / Charismatic beliefs have established themselves in Discernment Ministries to promote their theological viewpoints. The main areas of criticism are outlined below. Please note that the use of the term Evangelical here refers to those Christians who claim to be Born-again but do not hold to many Pentecostal or Charismatic beliefs, rather than the broader common definition. These Evangelicals are likely to come from a Reformed or Dispensationalist point of view. ...

See also:

Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - The nature of criticism, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Criticisms from Evangelical Christians, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Blessings money and prosperity, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Exegesis, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Influences of the Latter Rain Movement, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Oneness Pentecostals, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Scripture authority and guidance, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Speaking in Tongues, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Theology of worship, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Criticisms from Catholic and/or Orthodox Christians, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Medical/Scientific Criticisms, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Faith Healing, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Prosperity and Faith, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Religious ecstasy as a psychological phenomenon, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Word of Faith theology, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Criticisms from within the Pentecostal / Charismatic movement, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Authoritative leadership, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Psychological Abuse, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Theological scholarship

Read more here: » Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief: Encyclopedia II - Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Criticisms from Evangelical Christians

Illegal drugs can be broken down into two major classes: those extracted from plants, and those synthesized from chemical precursors. For the first class, such as marijuana and cocaine, the growing area is important, and substantial farming is needed for mass production. For the second class, such as MDMA and methamphetamine, access to chemical precursors is most important. Major drug farming and manufacturing countries include Colombia and other Latin American countries for mainly cocaine the Asian Golden Triang ...

See also:

Illegal drug trade, Illegal drug trade - Soft drugs, Illegal drug trade - Anabolic steroids trade, Illegal drug trade - Cannabis trade, Illegal drug trade - Ecstasy MDMA trade, Illegal drug trade - Ketamine trade, Illegal drug trade - LSD trade, Illegal drug trade - GHB trade, Illegal drug trade - PCP trade, Illegal drug trade - Psilocybin Mushroom trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal alcohol trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal tobacco trade, Illegal drug trade - Hard drugs, Illegal drug trade - Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Crack Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Heroin and opium trade, Illegal drug trade - Methamphetamine trade, Illegal drug trade - Manufacturing and processing, Illegal drug trade - Distribution and wholesaling, Illegal drug trade - Retail selling, Illegal drug trade - Rising influence Of Mexican cartels in drug trafficking in the U.S., Illegal drug trade - Punishments in various countries, Illegal drug trade - Australia, Illegal drug trade - The Netherlands/Holland, Illegal drug trade - Indonesia

Read more here: » Illegal drug trade: Encyclopedia II - Illegal drug trade - Manufacturing and processing

There are two primary means of distribution: a hierarchy and a hub-and-spoke layout. A hierarchical arrangement includes the manufacturer who uses his own men to smuggle, wholesale and store, and distribute the narcotics. A hub-and-spoke layout takes advantage of local gangs and other localized criminal organizations. The cartel is at the center, with satellite organizations that may provide certain services to the manufacturer, and then there is a plurality of distinct groups, each with its own chain. Smuggling is typically accomplished via small boats and yacht ...

See also:

Illegal drug trade, Illegal drug trade - Soft drugs, Illegal drug trade - Anabolic steroids trade, Illegal drug trade - Cannabis trade, Illegal drug trade - Ecstasy MDMA trade, Illegal drug trade - Ketamine trade, Illegal drug trade - LSD trade, Illegal drug trade - GHB trade, Illegal drug trade - PCP trade, Illegal drug trade - Psilocybin Mushroom trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal alcohol trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal tobacco trade, Illegal drug trade - Hard drugs, Illegal drug trade - Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Crack Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Heroin and opium trade, Illegal drug trade - Methamphetamine trade, Illegal drug trade - Manufacturing and processing, Illegal drug trade - Distribution and wholesaling, Illegal drug trade - Retail selling, Illegal drug trade - Rising influence Of Mexican cartels in drug trafficking in the U.S., Illegal drug trade - Punishments in various countries, Illegal drug trade - Australia, Illegal drug trade - The Netherlands/Holland, Illegal drug trade - Indonesia

Read more here: » Illegal drug trade: Encyclopedia II - Illegal drug trade - Distribution and wholesaling

Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Faith Healing. The following articles are useful in examining the possible reasons why Faith Healing in Charismatic churches continues to be popular. Faith Healing Correlation implies causation (logical fallacy) Post hoc ergo propter hoc Regressive fallacy Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Prosperity and Faith. Many Charismatic and Pentecostal churches champion the ...

See also:

Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - The nature of criticism, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Criticisms from Evangelical Christians, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Blessings money and prosperity, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Exegesis, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Influences of the Latter Rain Movement, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Oneness Pentecostals, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Scripture authority and guidance, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Speaking in Tongues, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Theology of worship, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Criticisms from Catholic and/or Orthodox Christians, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Medical/Scientific Criticisms, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Faith Healing, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Prosperity and Faith, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Religious ecstasy as a psychological phenomenon, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Word of Faith theology, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Criticisms from within the Pentecostal / Charismatic movement, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Authoritative leadership, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Psychological Abuse, Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Theological scholarship

Read more here: » Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief: Encyclopedia II - Criticisms of Charismatic and Pentecostal belief - Medical/Scientific Criticisms

Since the late 1980's/early 1990's, narcotics trafficking organizations headed and comprised of Mexican nationals became the dominant force of the illicit drug trade in the United States. Mexican trafficking organizations usurped control from Colombian trafficking organizations. In the early 1980's, cocaine emerged as a drug of choice for many Americans and its use became prevalent through-out the socio-economic spectrum. Initially, Colombians were responsible for growing, processing and distributing cocaine in the U.S., but their str ...

See also:

Illegal drug trade, Illegal drug trade - Soft drugs, Illegal drug trade - Anabolic steroids trade, Illegal drug trade - Cannabis trade, Illegal drug trade - Ecstasy MDMA trade, Illegal drug trade - Ketamine trade, Illegal drug trade - LSD trade, Illegal drug trade - GHB trade, Illegal drug trade - PCP trade, Illegal drug trade - Psilocybin Mushroom trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal alcohol trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal tobacco trade, Illegal drug trade - Hard drugs, Illegal drug trade - Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Crack Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Heroin and opium trade, Illegal drug trade - Methamphetamine trade, Illegal drug trade - Manufacturing and processing, Illegal drug trade - Distribution and wholesaling, Illegal drug trade - Retail selling, Illegal drug trade - Rising influence Of Mexican cartels in drug trafficking in the U.S., Illegal drug trade - Punishments in various countries, Illegal drug trade - Australia, Illegal drug trade - The Netherlands/Holland, Illegal drug trade - Indonesia

Read more here: » Illegal drug trade: Encyclopedia II - Illegal drug trade - Rising influence Of Mexican cartels in drug trafficking in the U.S.

To be written Illegal drug trade - Australia. There is a movement in Australia to make some narcotics decriminalised, particularly marijuana, the possession of such, in most states being a non-convictable offence (the definition of what constitutes possession differs however). Heroin trials have been tried in various states with mixed results. As a result of the decriminalisation, the punishments for drug use and drug dealing in Australia are typically very small, with many ...

See also:

Illegal drug trade, Illegal drug trade - Soft drugs, Illegal drug trade - Anabolic steroids trade, Illegal drug trade - Cannabis trade, Illegal drug trade - Ecstasy MDMA trade, Illegal drug trade - Ketamine trade, Illegal drug trade - LSD trade, Illegal drug trade - GHB trade, Illegal drug trade - PCP trade, Illegal drug trade - Psilocybin Mushroom trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal alcohol trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal tobacco trade, Illegal drug trade - Hard drugs, Illegal drug trade - Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Crack Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Heroin and opium trade, Illegal drug trade - Methamphetamine trade, Illegal drug trade - Manufacturing and processing, Illegal drug trade - Distribution and wholesaling, Illegal drug trade - Retail selling, Illegal drug trade - Rising influence Of Mexican cartels in drug trafficking in the U.S., Illegal drug trade - Punishments in various countries, Illegal drug trade - Australia, Illegal drug trade - The Netherlands/Holland, Illegal drug trade - Indonesia

Read more here: » Illegal drug trade: Encyclopedia II - Illegal drug trade - Punishments in various countries

Ananda:

bliss, ecstasy

(See also: Ananda, Yoga, Yoga Dictionary)

The roots of Qawwali can be traced back to 8th century Persia. However, Qawwali in the form we know it today was essentially created by Amir Khusrau in the late 13th century in India. During the first major migration from Persia, in the 11th century, the musical tradition of Sama migrated to the Indian Sub-continent, Turkey and Uzbekistan. Rumi and his Mevlana order of Sufism have been the propagators of Sama in Central Asia. Amir Khusrau of the Chisti order of Sufis is credited with fusing the Persian and South Asian musical t ...

See also:

Qawwali, Qawwali - Origins, Qawwali - Song content, Qawwali - Composition of a qawwali party, Qawwali - Musical structure, Qawwali - Well-known qawwals

Read more here: » Qawwali: Encyclopedia II - Qawwali - Origins

The songs which constitute the qawwali repertoire are mostly in Urdu and Punjabi (almost equally divided between the two), though there are also songs in Persian, Brajbhasha, Siraiki and Sindhi. The poetry is implicitly understood to be spiritual in its meaning, even though the lyrics can sometimes sound wildly secular, or outright hedonistic. The central themes of qawwali are love, devotion and longing (of man for the Divine). Qawwalis are classified by their content into several categories: A hamd is a song in praise of ...

See also:

Qawwali, Qawwali - Origins, Qawwali - Song content, Qawwali - Composition of a qawwali party, Qawwali - Musical structure, Qawwali - Well-known qawwals

Read more here: » Qawwali: Encyclopedia II - Qawwali - Song content

A group of qawwali musicians, called a party, typically consists of eight or nine men including a lead singer, one or two side singers, one or two harmoniums (which may be played by lead singer, side singer or someone else), and percussion. If there is only one percussionist, he plays the tabla and dholak, usually the tabla with the left hand and the dholak with the right. Often there will be two percussionists, in which case one might play the tabla and the other the dholak. There is also a chorus of four or five men who repeat key ...

See also:

Qawwali, Qawwali - Origins, Qawwali - Song content, Qawwali - Composition of a qawwali party, Qawwali - Musical structure, Qawwali - Well-known qawwals

Read more here: » Qawwali: Encyclopedia II - Qawwali - Composition of a qawwali party

Songs are usually between 15 to 30 minutes long. However, the longest commercially released qawwali runs slightly over 115 minutes (Hashr Ke Roz Yeh Poochhunga by Aziz Mian Qawwal). The qawwali maestro Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan has at least two songs that are more than 60 minutes long. Qawwalis tend to begin gently and build steadily to a very high energy level in order to induce hypnotic states both among the musicians and within the audience. Songs are usually arranged as follows: They start with an instrumental prelude whe ...

See also:

Qawwali, Qawwali - Origins, Qawwali - Song content, Qawwali - Composition of a qawwali party, Qawwali - Musical structure, Qawwali - Well-known qawwals

Read more here: » Qawwali: Encyclopedia II - Qawwali - Musical structure

Science was founded by New York journalist John Michaels in 1880 with financial support from Thomas Edison and later from Alexander Graham Bell. However, the magazine never gained enough subscribers to succeed and ended publication in March of 1882. Entomologist Samuel H. Scudder resurrected the journal one year later and had some success while covering the meetings of prominent American scientific societies, including the AAAS [2]. However, by 1894, Science was again in financial difficulty and was sold to ...

See also:

Science journal, Science journal - History, Science journal - Availability

Read more here: » Science journal: Encyclopedia II - Science journal - History

premananda

The ecstasy of pure love of God.

(See also: premananda, Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Samadhi: Ecstasy, total absorption, or a thoughtless state of the mind. It is the highest state of being.

(See also: Samadhi, Yoga, Yoga Dictionary)

Science was founded by New York journalist John Michaels in 1880 with financial support from Thomas Edison and later from Alexander Graham Bell. However, the magazine never gained enough subscribers to succeed and ended publication in March of 1882. Entomologist Samuel H. Scudder resurrected the journal one year later and had some success while covering the meetings of prominent American scientific societies, including the AAAS [2]. However, by 1894, Science was again in financial difficulty and was sold to ...

See also:

Science journal, Science journal - History, Science journal - Availability, Science journal - Notes

Read more here: » Science journal: Encyclopedia II - Science journal - History

Online versions of full-text archive articles are not generally made available to the public. Full text is available online to AAAS members from the main journal website back to mid-1996. Individual and institutional subscriptions are also available for a fee (though it is significantly less expensive to simply join the AAAS and receive the magazine for free). The Science website also gives free access to some articles (principally original research articles and editorials) as well as the complete table of contents of the current and ...

See also:

Science journal, Science journal - History, Science journal - Availability, Science journal - Notes

Read more here: » Science journal: Encyclopedia II - Science journal - Availability

maha-bhava

The ultimate limit of devotional ecstasy, found only in Sri Radha and some of Her intimate servants. Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, who was Sri Krishna in the mood of Sri Radha, also displayed such ecstasy.

(See also: maha-bhava, Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)