Some national variants of ISO 646 are: The specifics of the changes for some of these variants are given in this table: Later, when 8 bit character sets gained more acceptance, ISO 8859-1, ISO 8859-2, and ISO 8859-3 became the preferred method of coding most of these variants. ...

See also:

ISO/IEC 646, ISO/IEC 646 - History, ISO/IEC 646 - National variants, ISO/IEC 646 - Variants of ASCII that are not ISO 646

Read more here: » ISO/IEC 646: Encyclopedia II - ISO/IEC 646 - National variants

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), generally pronounced [ˈæski], is a character encoding based on the English alphabet. ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that work with text. Most modern character encodings have a historical basis in ASCII. ASCII was first published as a standard in 1967 and was last updated in 1986. It currently defines codes for 33 non-pr ...

Including:

• ASCII - Overview
• ASCII - History
• ASCII - ASCII control characters
• ASCII - ASCII printable characters
• ASCII - Structural features
• ASCII - Aliases for ASCII
• ASCII - Variants of ASCII

Read more here: » ASCII: Encyclopedia - ASCII

Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the English alphabet. In almost all forms of Commonwealth English, the letter is named zed, reflecting its derivation from the Greek zeta (see below). Other European languages use a similar form, e.g. the French zède, Spanish and Italian zeta, and Dutch zet. The American English form zee derives from an English late 17th-century dialectal form, now obsolete in England (although it allows the letter to rhyme with "V" in the "Alphabet song" nurser ...

Including:

• Z - Codes for computing
• Z - Meanings for Z
• Z - External link

Read more here: » Z: Encyclopedia - Z

OSI model - Layer 1: Physical layer. The Physical layer defines all the electrical and physical specifications for devices. This includes the layout of pins, voltages, and cable specifications. Hubs, repeaters and network adapters are physical-layer devices. The major functions and services performed by the physical layer are: establishment and termination of a connection to a communications medium. participation in the process whereby the communication resources are effectively shared among ...

See also:

OSI model, OSI model - Purpose, OSI model - Description of layers, OSI model - Layer 1: Physical layer, OSI model - Layer 2: Data Link layer, OSI model - Layer 2.5, OSI model - Layer 3: Network layer, OSI model - Layer 4: Transport layer, OSI model - Layer 5: Session layer, OSI model - Layer 6: Presentation layer, OSI model - Layer 7: Application layer, OSI model - Interfaces, OSI model - Table of examples, OSI model - Parallel, OSI model - Humor

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To facilitate creation of portable programs, programming languages provide some abstractions to deal with the different types of newline sequences used in different environments. The C programming language provides the escape sequences '\n' (newline) and '\r' (carriage return). However, contrary to popular belief, these are in fact not generally equivalent to the ASCII LF and CR control characters. The C standard only guarantees two things: Each of these escape sequences maps to a uniqu ...

See also:

Newline, Newline - Representations, Newline - Unicode, Newline - History, Newline - Newline in programming languages, Newline - Common problems, Newline - Conversion utilities

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In Unicode the capital Z is codepoint U+005A and the lowercase z is U+007A. The ASCII code for capital Z is 90 and for lowercase z is 122; or in binary 01011010 and 01111010, correspondingly. The EBCDIC code for capital Z is 233 and for lowercase z is 169. The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "Z" and "z" for upper and lower case respectively Z (Zed) is a formal specification notation, useful for describing computer based systems, is based on Zermelo-Fraenkel se ...

See also:

Z, Z - Codes for computing, Z - Meanings for Z, Z - External link

Read more here: » Z: Encyclopedia II - Z - Codes for computing

In Unicode the capital X is codepoint U+0058 and the lowercase x is U+0078. The ASCII code for capital X is 88 and for lowercase x is 120; or in binary 01011000 and 01111000, correspondingly. The EBCDIC code for capital X is 231 and for lowercase x is 167. The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "X" and "x" for upper and lower case respectively. ...

See also:

X, X - Codes for computing, X - Meanings for X

Read more here: » X: Encyclopedia II - X - Codes for computing

In Unicode the capital Y is codepoint U+0059 and the lowercase y is U+0079. The ASCII code for capital Y is 89 and for lowercase y is 121; or in binary 01011001 and 01111001, correspondingly. The EBCDIC code for capital Y is 232 and for lowercase y is 168. The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "Y" and "y" for upper and lower case respectively. ...

See also:

Y, Y - Codes for computing, Y - Meanings of Y

Read more here: » Y: Encyclopedia II - Y - Codes for computing

The letter I derived from the Greek iota (Ι, ι). It stood for the vowel /i/, the same as in the Old Italic alphabet. In Latin (as in Modern Greek) /j/ (as English Y in YOKE) was added. In Semitic, /j/ was the usual sound value of Jôd (probably originally a pictogram for an arm with hand), /i/ only in foreign words. In English, I represents different sounds, among them a diphthong that developed from /i:/ as well as short, open /I/ as in BILL. The dot over the lowercase 'i' is sometimes called a tittle. In the Turkish alphabet, dotted and dotless I are considered separate letters and both have uppercase (I, İ) ...

See also:

I, I - History, I - Alternative representations, I - Computing, I - Meanings for I

Read more here: » I: Encyclopedia II - I - History

ASCII reserves the first 32 codes (numbers 0–31 decimal) for control characters: codes originally intended not to carry printable information, but rather to control devices (such as printers) that make use of ASCII. For example, character 10 represents the "line feed" function (which causes a printer to advance its paper), and character 27 represents the "escape" key often found in the top left corner of common keyboards. Code 127 (all seven bits on), another special character, equates to "delete" or "rubout". Though its function re ...

See also:

ASCII, ASCII - Overview, ASCII - History, ASCII - ASCII control characters, ASCII - ASCII printable characters, ASCII - Structural features, ASCII - Aliases for ASCII, ASCII - Variants of ASCII

Read more here: » ASCII: Encyclopedia II - ASCII - ASCII control characters

1.TR.6 -- 100BaseFX -- 100BaseTX -- 100BaseT -- 100BaseVG -- 100VG-AnyLAN -- 10base2 -- 10base5 -- 10baseT -- 120 reset -- 16-bit -- 16-bit application -- 16550 UART -- 1NF -- 1TBS -- 2.PAK -- 20-Gate programming language -- 20-GATE -- 28-bit -- 2B1D -- 2B1Q -- 2D -- 2NF -- 3-tier (computing) -- 32-bit application -- 32-bit -- 320xx microprocessor -- 320xx -- 386BSD -- 386SPART.PAR -- 3Com Corporation -- 3DO -- 3D computer graphics -- 3GL -- 3NF -- 3Station -- 4.2BSD -- 404 error -- 431A -- 473L Query programming language -- 486SX -- 4GL -- 4NF -- 51forth programming language -- 56 kbit/s ...

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List of computing topics, List of computing topics - 0–9, List of computing topics - A, List of computing topics - B, List of computing topics - C, List of computing topics - D, List of computing topics - E, List of computing topics - F, List of computing topics - G, List of computing topics - H, List of computing topics - I, List of computing topics - J, List of computing topics - K, List of computing topics - L, List of computing topics - M, List of computing topics - N, List of computing topics - O, List of computing topics - P, List of computing topics - Q, List of computing topics - R, List of computing topics - S, List of computing topics - T, List of computing topics - U, List of computing topics - V, List of computing topics - W, List of computing topics - X, List of computing topics - Y, List of computing topics - Z

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/k/ developed palatal and velar allophones in Latin, probably due to Etruscan influence. The Romance languages and English have a common feature inherited from Vulgar Latin where C takes on either a "hard" or "soft" value depending on the following vowel. In English and French, C takes the "hard" value /k/ finally and before A, O, and U, and the "soft" value /s/ before E, I, or Y. Romance languages obey similar rules, but the soft valu ...

See also:

C, C - Phonetic use, C - Codes for computing, C - Meanings for C

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Unicode - Standard. The Unicode Consortium, based in California, develops the Unicode standard. Any company or individual willing to pay the membership dues may join this organization. Members include virtually all of the main computer software and hardware companies with any interest in text-processing standards, such as Apple Computer, Microsoft, IBM, Xerox, HP, Adobe Systems and many others. The Consortium first published The Unicode Standard (ISBN 0321185781) in 1991, and continues to develop st ...

See also:

Unicode, Unicode - Origin and development, Unicode - Scripts covered, Unicode - Trivia, Unicode - Mapping and encodings, Unicode - Standard, Unicode - Storage transfer and processing, Unicode - Ready-made versus composite characters, Unicode - Issues, Unicode - Unicode in use, Unicode - Operating systems, Unicode - E-mail, Unicode - Web, Unicode - Fonts, Unicode - Multilingual text-rendering engines, Unicode - Input methods

Read more here: » Unicode: Encyclopedia II - Unicode - Mapping and encodings

Key punches made a distinctive "chunk, chunk" sound as characters were punched. Key punch - IBM 024. Basic keypunch with no printing. Logic was 25L6 vacuum tubes and relays. The circuits used 150VDC, which was present in the keyboard (you did NOT want to spill a drink on it!) Key punch - IBM 026. This key punch could print the encoded character above each column. There were two popular versions with slightly different character sets. The scientific version printed ...

See also:

Key punch, Key punch - Post-WW II IBM Key punches for 80-column cards, Key punch - IBM 024, Key punch - IBM 026, Key punch - IBM 029, Key punch - IBM 129, Key punch - See Also:

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OSI model - Layer 1: Physical layer. The Physical layer defines all the electrical and physical specifications for devices. This includes the layout of pins, voltages, and cable specifications. Hubs, repeaters and network adapters are physical-layer devices. The major functions and services performed by the physical layer are: establishment and termination of a connection to a communications medium. participation in the process whereby the communication resources are effectively shared among ...

See also:

OSI model, OSI model - Purpose, OSI model - Description of OSI layers, OSI model - Layer 1: Physical layer, OSI model - Layer 2: Data Link layer, OSI model - Layer 2.5, OSI model - Layer 3: Network layer, OSI model - Layer 4: Transport layer, OSI model - Layer 5: Session layer, OSI model - Layer 6: Presentation layer, OSI model - Layer 7: Application layer, OSI model - Interfaces, OSI model - Table of examples, OSI model - Parallel, OSI model - Humor

Read more here: » OSI model: Encyclopedia II - OSI model - Description of OSI layers

Whiskey represents the letter W in the NATO phonetic alphabet. In international Morse code the letter W is DitDahDah: · - - In Braille the letter W is represented as ⠺ (in Unicode), the dot pattern: .X XX .X W - Computing. In Unicode the capital W is codepoint U+0057 and the lowercase w is U+0077. The ASCII code for capital W is 87 and for lowercase w is 119; or in binary 01010111 and 01110111, correspondingly. The EBCDIC code ...

See also:

W, W - Alternative representations, W - Computing, W - Meanings for W

Read more here: » W: Encyclopedia II - W - Alternative representations

List of IBM products - Punched card and paper tape equipment. IBM 323 — Card Punch IBM 521 — Punch card reader/punch IBM 527 — Punch card punch IBM 533 — Punch card reader/punch IBM 537 — Punch card reader/punch IBM 543 — Punch card reader IBM 544 — Punch card punch IBM 711 — Punched card reader (150 cards/min) IBM 721 — Punched card recorder (100 cards/min) IBM 1402 — IBM 1401 Punch card reader/punch < ...

See also:

List of IBM products, List of IBM products - Non-computer hardware, List of IBM products - Keypunches and verifiers, List of IBM products - Unit record equipment, List of IBM products - Calculating devices, List of IBM products - Time clocks, List of IBM products - Typewriters, List of IBM products - Electronic computers, List of IBM products - Computers based on vacuum tubes 1950s, List of IBM products - Computers based on discrete transistors 1960s, List of IBM products - Computers based on SLT or discrete IC CPUs 1964 to present, List of IBM products - Computers based on microprocessor CPUs 1981 to present, List of IBM products - Computer and calculating device peripherals, List of IBM products - Punched card and paper tape equipment, List of IBM products - Printer/plotter equipment and terminals, List of IBM products - Electrical/electronic/magnetic/optical storage units, List of IBM products - Coprocessor units, List of IBM products - Input/Output control units, List of IBM products - Fibre Channel switches directors and virtualisation products, List of IBM products - Operator's consoles and control panels, List of IBM products - Power supply/distribution units, List of IBM products - Other, List of IBM products - IBM PC components and peripherals, List of IBM products - Embedded systems, List of IBM products - Bank and finance, List of IBM products - Document processing, List of IBM products - Industry and manufacturing, List of IBM products - Medical/science/lab equipment, List of IBM products - Retail/point-of-sale POS, List of IBM products - Telecommuncations terminals, List of IBM products - Unclassified, List of IBM products - Computer software, List of IBM products - Operating systems, List of IBM products - Utilities and languages, List of IBM products - Middleware and applications

Read more here: » List of IBM products: Encyclopedia II - List of IBM products - Computer and calculating device peripherals

MVS's classic filesystem is a record-oriented filesystem. Filenames are organized in a hierarchy, separated with dots. Each level in the hierarchy can be up to eight characters long. The total filename length is a maximum of 44 characters. Generally, the components separated by the dots are used to organize files similarly to directories in other operating systems. For example, the higher level components generally represent project and user names. However, unlike other systems, these are not actual directories, just a naming conventi ...

See also:

MVS, MVS - MVS filesystem, MVS - History and modernity

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Victor represents the letter V in the NATO phonetic alphabet. In international Morse code the letter V is DitDitDitDah: · · · - In Braille the letter V is represented as ⠧ (in Unicode), the dot pattern: X. X. XX V - Computing. In Unicode the capital V is codepoint U+0056 and the lowercase v is U+0076. The ASCII code for capital V is 86 and for lowercase v is 118; or in binary 01010110 and 01110110, respectively. The EBCDIC code ...

See also:

V, V - Alternative representations, V - Computing, V - Meanings for V

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N serves as an alveolar nasal in virtually all languages that use the Latin alphabet. A common digraph with N is NG, which produces a velar nasal in a variety of languages, usually final in English. Aspirated forms NH and NGH are sometimes seen in other languages. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the lowercase [n] represents the alveolar nasal sound. A small capital [ɴ] represents the uvular nasal. ...

See also:

N, N - Usage, N - Alternative representations, N - Computing, N - Meanings for N

Read more here: » N: Encyclopedia II - N - Usage

The original Woods-Lyon INTERCAL was very limited in its input/output capabilities: the only acceptable input was numbers with the digits spelled out, and the only output was an extended version of Roman numerals. The C-INTERCAL reimplementation, being available on the Internet, has made the language more popular with devotees of esoteric programming languages. The C-INTERCAL dialect has a few differences from original INTERCAL and introduced a few new features, such as a COME FROM statement and a means of doing tex ...

See also:

INTERCAL, INTERCAL - Dialects, INTERCAL - Hello world

Read more here: » INTERCAL: Encyclopedia II - INTERCAL - Dialects

In Unicode the capital K is codepoint U+004B and the lowercase k is U+006B. The ASCII code for capital K is 75 and for lowercase k is 107; or in binary 01001011 and 01101011, correspondingly. The EBCDIC code for capital K is 210, and for lowercase k, 146. The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "&#75;" and "&#107;" for upper and lower case respectively. ...

See also:

K, K - Codes for computing, K - Meanings for K

Read more here: » K: Encyclopedia II - K - Codes for computing