Earth science (also known as geoscience, the geosciences or the Earth Sciences), is an all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth. It is arguably a special case in planetary science, being the only known life-bearing planet. There are both reductionist and holistic approaches to Earth science. The major historic disciplines use physics, geography, mathematics, chemistry, and biology to build a quantitative understanding of the principal areas or spheres of the Earth system: Including:

Earth science - Earth's spheres Earth science - Interdisciplinary fields Earth science - Partial list of the major Earth Science topics
Earth science - Geology Earth science - Soil science Earth science - Oceanography Earth science - Geography Earth science - Limnology Earth science - Glaciology Earth science - Atmospheric Science Earth science - Systems or multidisciplinary

Read more here: » Earth science: Encyclopedia - Earth science

See also:

Earth science, Earth science - Earth's spheres, Earth science - Interdisciplinary fields, Earth science - Earth system science, Earth science - Methodology, Earth science - Partial list of the major Earth Science topics, Earth science - The solid Earth, Earth science - Soil science, Earth science - Oceanography, Earth science - Geography, Earth science - Limnology, Earth science - Glaciology, Earth science - Atmospheric science, Earth science - Systems or multidisciplinary

Read more here: » Earth science: Encyclopedia II - Earth science - Earth system science

Furthermore, other modern disciplines known collectively as Earth system science approach the entire Earth as a system in its own right, which evolves as a result of positive and negative feedback between constituent systems: Meteorology describes, explains and predicts the weather based on the interaction of principally the ocean and atmosphere. Climatology describes and explains the climate in terms of the interaction of the litho-, pedo-, hydro-, atmo-, cryo-, and bio- sp ...

See also:

Earth science, Earth science - Earth's spheres, Earth science - Interdisciplinary fields, Earth science - Partial list of the major Earth Science topics, Earth science - Geology, Earth science - Soil science, Earth science - Oceanography, Earth science - Geography, Earth science - Limnology, Earth science - Glaciology, Earth science - Atmospheric science, Earth science - Systems or multidisciplinary

Read more here: » Earth science: Encyclopedia II - Earth science - Interdisciplinary fields

�Daisyworld and the Gaia Hypothesis are controversial because they touch on the definition of what constitutes life. If we think that life is about the selfish gene, competition, and survival of the fittest, then it is hard to see where the Earth fits in. However, it isn't necessary to think that the Earth is alive in order to appreciate that it is a highly complex system. And, if we say it is alive, why is that so threatening? No one doubts that plants are alive, but they don't do anything nearly as complicated as the Earth does.�

A brief introduction to the intriguing Gaia theory, as developed by James Lovelock, Lynn Margulis and others.

Read more here: » Gaia Theory: Gaia Theory - Science of the Living Earth

A leading neuroscientist, Wolf Singer, caused a sensation by claiming crimes are the result of brain abnormalities. Laura Spinney investigates a slanging match between scientists and philosophers,

Read more here: » Free Will: I'm not guilty - but my brain is

Shiites seek revenge on Sunnis for the revenge they sought on Shiites; Irish Catholics retaliate against the Protestants who retaliated against them; Hezbollah and Hamas retaliate against Israel who in turn retaliates back.

In each of these instances, people on one side claim that they are merely responding to provocation and dismiss the other side's identical claim as disingenuous spin. But psychology research suggests that these claims reflect genuinely different perceptions of the same reality.

This article, by Daniel Gilbert professor of psychology at Harvard, gives an understanding to why the conflict in the Middle East can escalate into madness without the parties themselves being aware of their own role.

Read more here: » Retaliation, retribution and revenge: He who cast the first stone probably didn't

The foundations of the physical sciences rests upon key concepts and theories, each of which explains and/or models a particular aspect of the behavior of nature. As in other sciences, these key concepts and theories came to discovery using the scientific method. Natural sciences generally, and physical sciences particularly, tend to be more reductionist sciences, in contrast to the more holistic social sciences; i.e., physical science tends to explain the whole system from the system's fundamental parts, whereas social science tends to explain the whole syste ...

See also:

Physical science, Physical science - Branches, Physical science - Basic principles, Physical science - Astronomy, Physical science - Chemistry, Physical science - Earth science, Physical science - Physics, Physical science - Notable physical scientists

Read more here: » Physical science: Encyclopedia II - Physical science - Basic principles

History of creationism Creation in Genesis Types of creationism: Young Earth creationism - Creation science Old Earth creationism Omphalos creationism Theistic evolution Neo-Creationism Islamic creationism Intelligent design - Intelligent design movement Modern geocentrism Controversy: Creation vs. evolution ... in public education ...

Including:

Old Earth creationism - Types of Old Earth Creationism
Old Earth creationism - Gap Creationism Old Earth creationism - Day-Age Creationism Old Earth creationism - The Framework Hypothesis Old Earth creationism - Cosmic Time
Old Earth creationism - Progressive Creationism Old Earth creationism - Broader Reasoning

Read more here: » Old Earth creationism: Encyclopedia - Old Earth creationism

The Bulgarian Learned Society was founded on September 26, 1869 in Braila, present-day Romania. The first Statues accepted were: Board of Trustees Nikolai Tsenov – President Vasilaki Mihailidi Petraki Simov Kostaki Popovich Stefan Beron Acting members: Marin Drinov (1838-1906) – Chairman Vassil Drumev (1840-1901) – Member Vasil D. Stoyanov (1839-1910) – Secretary The following year, the Learned Society began issuing the Periodical Journal, its official publication, and in 1 ...

See also:

Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Departments, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Mathematical Sciences, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Physical Sciences, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Chemical Sciences, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Biological Sciences, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Earth Sciences, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Engineering Sciences, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Humanities, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Social Sciences, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Specialized and Supporting Units

Read more here: » Bulgarian Academy of Sciences: Encyclopedia II - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - History

Creation science has its roots in the ongoing effort by young-earth creationists to critique modern science's description of natural history (particularly biological evolution, but also geology and physical cosmology) while attempting to offer an alternative explanation of observable phenomena—an explanation they also describe as "science"—compatible with the Biblical account. The proponents of creation science often argue that many observable phenomena fit more easily into the Biblical account than with the naturalistic worldview ...

See also:

Creation science, Creation science - History and organization, Creation science - Issues in creation science, Creation science - Religious criticisms of creation science, Creation science - Scientific criticisms of creation science, Creation science - Subjects within creation science, Creation science - Creation biology, Creation science - Flood geology, Creation science - Creationist cosmologies

Read more here: » Creation science: Encyclopedia II - Creation science - Issues in creation science

History of creationism Creation in Genesis Types of creationism: Young Earth creationism - Creation science Old Earth creationism Omphalos creationism Theistic evolution Neo-Creationism Islamic creationism Intelligent design - Intelligent design movement Modern geocentrism Controversy: Creation vs. evolution ... in public education
Including:

Creation science - History and organization Creation science - Issues in creation science
Creation science - Religious criticisms of creation science Creation science - Scientific criticisms of creation science
Creation science - Subjects within creation science
Creation science - Creation biology Creation science - Flood geology Creation science - Creationist cosmologies

Read more here: » Creation science: Encyclopedia - Creation science

An umbrella term is a word that provides a superset or grouping of related concepts. Thus cryptology is an umbrella term that encompasses cryptography and cryptanalysis. Similarly, an "umbrella group" can be an organisation which is a central and co-ordinating body representing a number of smaller, separate bodies. Umbrella term - Examples in archaeology/anthropology. Grave goods Venus figurines: (They extend over diverse time periods.) Votive deposit: (They are 'essentially' in ever ...

Including:

Umbrella term - Examples in archaeology/anthropology Umbrella term - Examples in earth sciences Umbrella term - Other examples

Read more here: » Umbrella term: Encyclopedia - Umbrella term

History of creationism Creation in Genesis Types of creationism: Young Earth creationism - Creation science Old Earth creationism Omphalos creationism Theistic evolution Neo-Creationism Islamic creationism Intelligent design - Intelligent design movement Modern geocentrism Controversy: Creation vs. evolution ... in public educationIncluding:

Day-Age Creationism - Day-Age Creation Theory Day-Age Creationism - Biblical debate
Day-Age Creationism - The meaning of “day” yôm Day-Age Creationism - The Sabbath Day-Age Creationism - Luminaries on “day” 4 Day-Age Creationism - The events of “day” six Day-Age Creationism - “Day” seven Day-Age Creationism - The Fall

Read more here: » Day-Age Creationism: Encyclopedia - Day-Age Creationism

Biosphere 2 is a manmade closed ecological system in Oracle, Arizona built by Edward P. Bass, Space Biosphere Ventures and others. Constructed between 1987 and 1989, it was used to test if and how people could live and work in a closed biosphere, while carrying out scientific experiments. It explored the possible use of closed biospheres in space colonization, and also allowed the study and manipulation of a biosphere without harming Earth's. The name comes from the idea that it is modeled on "Biosphere 1" - Earth. Biosp ...

Including:

Biosphere 2 - History
Biosphere 2 - Missions
Biosphere 2 - Difficulty of creating successful artificial biospheres
Biosphere 2 - Columbia University Biosphere 2 - For Sale
Biosphere 2 - Science and engineering Biosphere 2 - Value of Earth's biosphere Biosphere 2 - In popular culture

Read more here: » Biosphere 2: Encyclopedia - Biosphere 2

Nature (also called the material world, the material universe, the natural world, and the natural universe) is all matter and energy, especially in its essential form. Nature is the subject of scientific study, and the history of the concept is linked to the history of science. The English word derives from a Latin term, natura, which was in turn a translation of a Greek term, physis (φύσις). Natura is related to the Latin words relating to "birth", while physis relates to Greek words relating to "grow ...

Including:

Nature - Scientific divisions of Nature
Nature - Nature outside Earth and its atmosphere Nature - Life Nature - Chemicals Nature - Matter and force Nature - Earth
Nature - Philosophy of Nature
Nature - Metaphysics Nature - The natural and the artificial
Nature - Beauty in Nature Nature - Related concepts

Read more here: » Nature: Encyclopedia - Nature

In the physical sciences, weight is the downward force exerted on matter as a result of gravity, especially the earth's gravity. An object's weight is equal to its mass multiplied by the magnitude of the gravitational field. The word entered Old English sometime around the 9th century, and meant the quantity measured with a balance. The word "weight" is commonly used synonymously with "mass", though the two concepts are technically quite distinct. Weight - Weight and mass. In scientific usage weight ...

Including:

Weight - Weight and mass
Weight - Units of weight and mass Weight - Converting between weight and mass in SI units
Weight - Sensation of weight Weight - Measuring weight Weight - Relative weights on the earth moon and planets Weight - Human weight in the medical sciences and ordinary language
Weight - Sports usage

Read more here: » Weight: Encyclopedia - Weight

This is a list of academic disciplines (and academic fields). An academic discipline is a branch of knowledge which is formally taught, either at the university, or via some other such method. Functionally, disciplines are usually defined and recognised by the academic journals in which research is published, and the learned societies to which their practitioners belong. Each discipline usually has several sub-disciplines or branch ...

Including:

List of academic disciplines - Natural sciences
List of academic disciplines - Astronomy List of academic disciplines - Behavioral science List of academic disciplines - Biology List of academic disciplines - Chemistry List of academic disciplines - Physics List of academic disciplines - Earth sciences
List of academic disciplines - Mathematics and computer science
List of academic disciplines - Mathematics List of academic disciplines - Computer science
List of academic disciplines - Social sciences
List of academic disciplines - Anthropology List of academic disciplines - Archaeology List of academic disciplines - Communications List of academic disciplines - Economics List of academic disciplines - Ethnic Studies List of academic disciplines - Ethnology List of academic disciplines - History List of academic disciplines - Geography List of academic disciplines - Linguistics List of academic disciplines - Political science List of academic disciplines - Psychology List of academic disciplines - Semiotics List of academic disciplines - Sociology
List of academic disciplines - Humanities and arts
List of academic disciplines - Area studies sometimes called cultural studies List of academic disciplines - Art List of academic disciplines - Classics List of academic disciplines - Creative writing List of academic disciplines - Dance List of academic disciplines - English literature List of academic disciplines - Film studies and film criticism List of academic disciplines - Folklore List of academic disciplines - History List of academic disciplines - Linguistics List of academic disciplines - Literature and cultural studies List of academic disciplines - Music List of academic disciplines - Museology List of academic disciplines - Mythology List of academic disciplines - Philology List of academic disciplines - Philosophy List of academic disciplines - Religious studies List of academic disciplines - Theatre List of academic disciplines - Women's studies and gender studies
List of academic disciplines - Professions / Applied sciences
List of academic disciplines - Design List of academic disciplines - Business List of academic disciplines - Education List of academic disciplines - Engineering List of academic disciplines - Ergonomics List of academic disciplines - Agriculture List of academic disciplines - Forestry List of academic disciplines - Family and consumer science List of academic disciplines - Journalism and mass communications List of academic disciplines - Law List of academic disciplines - Library and information science List of academic disciplines - Health sciences List of academic disciplines - Military science List of academic disciplines - Public affairs and community service

Read more here: » List of academic disciplines: Encyclopedia - List of academic disciplines

List of Earth observation satellites - Argentina Space Agency CONAE. SAC-A SAC-B SAC-C List of Earth observation satellites - ESA. Envisat ERS List of Earth observation satellites - U.S.A.. TIMED (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics) TOPEX/Poseidon Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite ...

See also:

List of Earth observation satellites, List of Earth observation satellites - Commercial, List of Earth observation satellites - Earth Observing System, List of Earth observation satellites - GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, List of Earth observation satellites - GMS Geosynchrononos Meteological Satellite / Himawari, List of Earth observation satellites - Landsat program, List of Earth observation satellites - Misc, List of Earth observation satellites - Argentina Space Agency CONAE, List of Earth observation satellites - ESA, List of Earth observation satellites - U.S.A., List of Earth observation satellites - National Academy of Sciences of Republic of Belarus, List of Earth observation satellites - Swedish National Space Board, List of Earth observation satellites - METEOSAT, List of Earth observation satellites - RADARSAT series, List of Earth observation satellites - TIROS, List of Earth observation satellites - Meteor series, List of Earth observation satellites - Okean series, List of Earth observation satellites - FY Feng Yun series

Read more here: » List of Earth observation satellites: Encyclopedia II - List of Earth observation satellites - Misc

A canyon, or gorge, is a valley walled by cliffs. In fortification a gorge is the rear entrance or part of a bastion or similar outwork. Canyon - Canyon. Most canyons originate by a process of long-time erosion from a plateau level, with a stream gradually carving out its valley. The cliffs form because harder rock strata that are resistant to erosion and weathering remain exposed on the valley walls. Canyons are much more common in arid areas than in wetter areas because weathering has a les ...

Including:

Canyon - Canyon

Read more here: » Canyon: Encyclopedia - Canyon

An archipelago is a landform which consists of a chain or cluster of islands. Archipelagoes usually occur in the open sea; less commonly a large land mass may neighbour them. Archipelagoes are often volcanic, forming along ocean ridges or hotspots, but there are many other processes involved in their construction, including erosion and deposition. The word comes from the Aegean Sea (Greek αρχιπέλαγος, Italian Arcipelago), which literally means "chief sea", from Greek arkhi (leader) and pelagos ...

Including:

Archipelago - List of archipelagoes

Read more here: » Archipelago: Encyclopedia - Archipelago