The temperature of the Earth's atmosphere varies with altitude; the mathematical relationship between temperature and altitude varies between the different atmospheric layers: troposphere: From the Greek word tropos meaning to turn or mix. The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere starting at the surface going up to between 7 km at the poles and 17 km at the equator with some variation due to weather factors. The troposphere has a great deal of vertical mixing due to solar heating at the surface. This heating warms a ...

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Earth's atmosphere, Earth's atmosphere - Temperature and the atmospheric layers, Earth's atmosphere - Various atmospheric regions, Earth's atmosphere - Pressure, Earth's atmosphere - Thickness of the atmosphere, Earth's atmosphere - Composition, Earth's atmosphere - Heterosphere, Earth's atmosphere - Density and mass, Earth's atmosphere - The evolution of the Earth's atmosphere

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The atmosphere is present to heights of 1000 km. or more. But at this height it is so thin and at such low pressure that it's almost like it isn't there. 57.8% of the atmosphere is below the summit of Mount Everest. 72% of the atmosphere is below the common flight height of airplanes, (about 10000 m or 32800 ft). 99.99999% of the atmosphere is below the highest X-15 plane flight on August 22, 1963 which reached an altitude of 354,300 ft or 108 km. Therefore, most of the atmosphere is below 100 km (99.9999%) although in the rarified r ...

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Earth's atmosphere, Earth's atmosphere - Temperature and the atmospheric layers, Earth's atmosphere - Various atmospheric regions, Earth's atmosphere - Pressure, Earth's atmosphere - Thickness of the atmosphere, Earth's atmosphere - Composition, Earth's atmosphere - Heterosphere, Earth's atmosphere - Density and mass, Earth's atmosphere - The evolution of the Earth's atmosphere

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Although the atmosphere exists at heights of 1000 km and more, it is so thin as to be considered nonexistant. 57.8% of the atmosphere is below the summit of Mount Everest. 72% of the atmosphere is below the common flight height of airplanes, (about 10000 m or 32800 ft). 99.99999% of the atmosphere is below the highest X-15 plane flight on August 22, 1963 which reached an altitude of 354,300 ft or 108 km. Therefore, most of the atmosphere is below 100 km (99.9999%) although in the rarified r ...

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Earth's atmosphere, Earth's atmosphere - Temperature and the atmospheric layers, Earth's atmosphere - Various atmospheric regions, Earth's atmosphere - Pressure, Earth's atmosphere - Thickness of the atmosphere, Earth's atmosphere - Composition, Earth's atmosphere - Heterosphere, Earth's atmosphere - Density and mass, Earth's atmosphere - The evolution of the Earth's atmosphere

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The density of air at sea level is about 1.2 kg/m3. Natural variations of the barometric pressure occur at any one altitude as a consequence of weather. This variation is relatively small for inhabited altitudes but much more pronounced in the outer atmosphere and space due to variable solar radiation. The atmospheric density decreases as the altitude increases. This variation can be approximately modeled using the barometric formula. More sophist ...

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Earth's atmosphere, Earth's atmosphere - Temperature and the atmospheric layers, Earth's atmosphere - Various atmospheric regions, Earth's atmosphere - Pressure, Earth's atmosphere - Thickness of the atmosphere, Earth's atmosphere - Composition, Earth's atmosphere - Heterosphere, Earth's atmosphere - Density and mass, Earth's atmosphere - The evolution of the Earth's atmosphere

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Main article: Global warming controversy There is an an ongoing dispute about what effect humans have on the global climate and what policies should be followed to mitigate any current detrimental effects, and prevent future detrimental effects. Although not fully settled, the current consensus from the official scientific communities on climate change is that recent warming is largely human-caused. According to the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC, most of the observed warming over the last 50 years is 66% to 90% certain to have been due to radiative for ...

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Global warming, Global warming - Overview, Global warming - Warming of the Earth, Global warming - Causes of global warming, Global warming - Greenhouse gas emissions, Global warming - Alternative theories, Global warming - Climate models, Global warming - Issues, Global warming - Public controversy, Global warming - Effects, Global warming - Effects on ecosystems, Global warming - Impact on Glaciers, Global warming - Destabilisation of ocean currents, Global warming - Environmental refugees, Global warming - Spread of disease, Global warming - Financial effects, Global warming - Possible beneficial effects, Global warming - Mitigating and adapting to global warming

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cleansing

Purification or Earth changes

(See also: Cleansing, Body Mind and Soul)

The principle is that the earth, because of its high density, undergoes slow temperature changes and thus presents a fairly constant exterior temperature at the wall. In most of the United States, the average temperature of the earth once well below the frost line is around 55 to 57 degrees Fahrenheit (13 to 15 degrees Celsius). Thus, at the base of a deep earth berm, the house is heated against an exterior temperature gradient of perhaps ten to fifteen degrees, instead of against a steeper temperature grade where air is on the outside of the wall instead of earth. In the summer, the temperature ...

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Earth sheltering, Earth sheltering - Theory, Earth sheltering - Earth-sheltered homes, Earth sheltering - Earth sheltering with solar heating, Earth sheltering - External link

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It is possible to obtain a very simple model of the radiative equilibrium of the Earth by writing (1 − a)Sπr2 = 4πr2sT4 where the left hand side represents the incoming energy from the Sun the right hand side represents the outgoing energy from the Earth, calculated from the Stefan-Boltzmann law assuming a constant rad ...

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Climate model, Climate model - Zero-dimensional models, Climate model - Radiative-Convective Models, Climate model - Energy Balance Models, Climate model - EMIC's Earth-system Models of Intermediate Complexity, Climate model - GCM's Global Climate Models or General circulation models, Climate model - Climate models on the web

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EARTH POWER: the manifested Divine Power found in natural things. Can be utilized by magick for needed change.

(See also: EARTH POWER, Witchcraft, Wicca, Paganism, Pagan Dictionary)

Environmental degradation refers to the diminishment of a local ecosystem or the biosphere as a whole due to human activity. Environmental degradation occurs when nature's resources (such as trees, habitat, earth, water, air) are being consumed faster than nature can replenish them. An unsustainable situation occurs when natural capital (the sum total of nature’s resources), is used up faster than it can be replenished. Sustainability requires that human activity, at a minimum, only uses nature's resources to the point where they can be re ...

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Sustainable development, Sustainable development - Environmental degradation, Sustainable development - Popularization of the concept of sustainable development, Sustainable development - Sustainable development in the law

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The zero-dimensional model above predicts the temperature of an imaginary layer where long wave radiation is emitted to space. This can be extended in the vertical to a one dimensional radiative-convective model, which simplifies the atmosphere to consider only two processes of energy transport: upwelling and downwelling radiative transfer through atmospheric layers upwards transport of heat by conve ...

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Climate model, Climate model - Zero-dimensional models, Climate model - Radiative-Convective Models, Climate model - Energy Balance Models, Climate model - EMIC's Earth-system Models of Intermediate Complexity, Climate model - GCM's Global Climate Models or General circulation models, Climate model - Climate models on the web

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Although never officially recognized by the Catholic Church (and actually pronounced a heresy as early as 431 AD), millennialism, which had clearly already existed in Jewish thought, received a new interpretation and fresh impetus with the arrival of Christianity. A millennium is a period of one thousand years, and, in particular, Christ's thousand-year rule on this earth, either directly preceding or immedi ...

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Millennialism, Millennialism - The early church and premillennialism chiliasm, Millennialism - Christian millennialism following the Reformation, Millennialism - Pre-Christian millennialism, Millennialism - Transition to the Millennium, Millennialism - Millennialism and Utopianism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Nazism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Social Movements

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A few countries have introduced the principle of sustainable development into their laws. Among them is Poland. The article 5 of the 1997 Constitution says: The Republic of Poland shall safeguard the independence and integrity of its territory and ensure the freedoms and rights of persons and citizens, the security of the citizens, safeguard the national heritage and shall ensure the protection of the natural env ...

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Sustainable development, Sustainable development - Environmental degradation, Sustainable development - Popularization of the concept of sustainable development, Sustainable development - Sustainable development in the law

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Three (or more properly, four) dimensional GCM's discretise the equations for fluid motion and integrate these forward in time. They also contain parametrisations for processes - such as convection - that occur on scales too small to be resolved directly. Atmospheric GCMs (AGCMs) model the atmosphere and impose sea surface temperatures. Coupled atmosphere-ocean GCMs (AOGCMs, e.g. HadCM3, EdGCM) combine the two models. AOGCMs represent the pinnacle of complexity in climate models and internalise as many ...

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Climate model, Climate model - Zero-dimensional models, Climate model - Radiative-Convective Models, Climate model - Energy Balance Models, Climate model - EMIC's Earth-system Models of Intermediate Complexity, Climate model - GCM's Global Climate Models or General circulation models, Climate model - Climate models on the web

Read more here: » Climate model: Encyclopedia II - Climate model - GCM's Global Climate Models or General circulation models

Main articles: general circulation model, and [[]], and [[]], and See also:

Climate model, Climate model - Zero-dimensional models, Climate model - Radiative-Convective Models, Climate model - Energy Balance Models, Climate model - EMIC's Earth-system Models of Intermediate Complexity, Climate model - GCM's Global Climate Models or General circulation models, Climate model - Climate models on the web

Read more here: » Climate model: Encyclopedia II - Climate model - GCM's Global Climate Models or General circulation models

The first major manifestation of this popularization of sustainable development occurred at the United Nations Conference for Environment and Development (the Earth Summit) in 1992. The conference was prompted by the report Our Common Future (1987, World Commission on Environment and Development, also known as the Brundtland Commission), which called for strategies to strengthen efforts to promote sustainable and environmentally sound development. A series of seven UN conferences on environment and development followed. The Bru ...

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Sustainable development, Sustainable development - Environmental degradation, Sustainable development - Popularization of the concept of sustainable development, Sustainable development - Sustainable development in the law

Read more here: » Sustainable development: Encyclopedia II - Sustainable development - Popularization of the concept of sustainable development

Millennial sects have typically believed that the transition from the present age to the millennium would be anything but smooth, with the Antichrist having to be defeated and Jesus' reign on earth having to be established. Millennial theories differ as to whether the battle with the Antichrist will occur before or after the 1000 years. Leaders of some movements have seen it as their responsibility to bring about the expected disastrous wars which would bring an end to the present age. Based on Revelation 20:3, some believe Satan's "M ...

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Millennialism, Millennialism - The early church and premillennialism chiliasm, Millennialism - Christian millennialism following the Reformation, Millennialism - Pre-Christian millennialism, Millennialism - Transition to the Millennium, Millennialism - Millennialism and Utopianism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Nazism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Social Movements

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The early Christian concept had ramifications far beyond strictly religious concern during the centuries to come, as it was blended and enhanced with ideas of utopia. In the wake of early millennial thinking, the Three Ages philosophy (Drei-Reiche-Lehre) developed. Making use of the dogma of the Trinity, the Italian monk and theologian Joachim of Fiore (d. 1202) claimed that all of human history was a succession of three ages: the Age of the Father (the Old Testament) the Age of the Son (the New Testament) the Age o ...

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Millennialism, Millennialism - The early church and premillennialism chiliasm, Millennialism - Christian millennialism following the Reformation, Millennialism - Pre-Christian millennialism, Millennialism - Transition to the Millennium, Millennialism - Millennialism and Utopianism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Nazism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Social Movements

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Christian views on the future order of events diversified after the Protestant reformation. In particular, new emphasis was placed on the passages in the Book of Revelation which seemed to say that Satan would be locked away for 1000 years, but then released on the world in a final battle (Rev. 20:1-6). Previous Catholic and Orthodox theologians had no clear or consensus view on what this actually meant (only the concept of an end of the world coming unexpected, "like a thief in a night", and the concept of "the antichrist" were almost universally held). Millenniali ...

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Millennialism, Millennialism - The early church and premillennialism chiliasm, Millennialism - Christian millennialism following the Reformation, Millennialism - Pre-Christian millennialism, Millennialism - Transition to the Millennium, Millennialism - Millennialism and Utopianism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Nazism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Social Movements

Read more here: » Millennialism: Encyclopedia II - Millennialism - Christian millennialism following the Reformation

The most controversial interpretation of the Three Ages philosophy and of millennialism in general is Hitler's "Third Reich" ("Drittes Reich", "Tausendjähriges Reich"), which, in his vision, would last for a thousand years - but which in reality only lasted for 12 years (1933-1945). The phrase "Third Reich" was coined by the conservative German thinker Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, who in 1923 published a book entitled Das Dritte Reich, which even ...

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Millennialism, Millennialism - The early church and premillennialism chiliasm, Millennialism - Christian millennialism following the Reformation, Millennialism - Pre-Christian millennialism, Millennialism - Transition to the Millennium, Millennialism - Millennialism and Utopianism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Nazism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Social Movements

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"Millenarianism became the general belief of the time and met with almost no other opposition than that given by the Gnostics." - Gieseler, Church History, vol.1, p.166 "...the early Fathers lived in expectation of our Lord's speedy return. . . . They distinguish between a first resurrection of the saints and a second or general resurrection. These they supposed would be separated by a period of a thousand years, during which Christ should reign over the saints in Jerusalem. . . . While the church was alternately persecuted and ...

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Millennialism, Millennialism - The early church and premillennialism chiliasm, Millennialism - Christian millennialism following the Reformation, Millennialism - Pre-Christian millennialism, Millennialism - Transition to the Millennium, Millennialism - Millennialism and Utopianism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Nazism, Millennialism - Millennialism and Social Movements

Read more here: » Millennialism: Encyclopedia II - Millennialism - The early church and premillennialism chiliasm

There are 15 epochs (pronounced as "epic") in the game, each representing a part of history. As time passes, civilizations become more advanced. Epochs represent the changes in civilization over time. As you advance through the epochs, new and improved units and structures become available. Like the original Empire Earth, the game has 15 epochs. Some of the epochs here are, in fact, exactly the same as the epochs in Empire Earth. But this time, Empire Earth II will not let humanity go to th ...

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Empire Earth II, Empire Earth II - Overview and New Features, Empire Earth II - Campaigns, Empire Earth II - Korean Campaign, Empire Earth II - German Campaign, Empire Earth II - American Campaign, Empire Earth II - Other Campaigns and Turning Points, Empire Earth II - Games in Skirmish and Multiplayer, Empire Earth II - Epochs, Empire Earth II - Stone Age 10000 BC - 5000 BC, Empire Earth II - Copper Age 5000 BC - 2500 BC, Empire Earth II - Bronze Age 2500 BC - 1000 BC, Empire Earth II - Iron Age 1000 BC – 400 AD, Empire Earth II - Dark Ages 400 AD – 800 AD, Empire Earth II - Middle Ages 800 AD – 1300 AD, Empire Earth II - Renaissance 1300 AD – 1500 AD, Empire Earth II - Imperial Age 1500 AD – 1650 AD, Empire Earth II - Enlightenment 1650 AD – 1800 AD, Empire Earth II - Industrial Age 1800 AD – 1900 AD, Empire Earth II - Modern Age 1900 AD – 1940 AD, Empire Earth II - Atomic Age 1940 AD – 1980 AD, Empire Earth II - Digital Age1980 AD – 2030 AD, Empire Earth II - Genetic Age 2030 AD – 2130 AD, Empire Earth II - Synthetic Age 2130 AD – 2230 AD, Empire Earth II - Resources and Technologies, Empire Earth II - Resources, Empire Earth II - Technologies, Empire Earth II - Units, Empire Earth II - Regions, Empire Earth II - Western, Empire Earth II - Middle Eastern, Empire Earth II - Far Eastern, Empire Earth II - Meso-American, Empire Earth II - Civilizations, Empire Earth II - Western Civilizations, Empire Earth II - Middle Eastern, Empire Earth II - Far Eastern, Empire Earth II - Meso-American, Empire Earth II - Wonders, Empire Earth II - Western, Empire Earth II - Middle Eastern, Empire Earth II - Far Eastern, Empire Earth II - Meso-American, Empire Earth II - Cheat Codes, Empire Earth II - Initial reactions, Empire Earth II - Expansion Pack

Read more here: » Empire Earth II: Encyclopedia II - Empire Earth II - Epochs