Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Early Civilizations
The earliest known civilizations (as defined in the traditional sense) arose in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in mo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Early Civilizations
The earliest known civilizations (as defined in the traditional sense) arose in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in mo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Early Civilizations
The earliest known civilizations (as defined in the traditional sense) arose in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia - Civilization
The word civilization (or civilisation) has a variety of meanings related to human society. The term comes from the Latin civis, meaning ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - A. P. Hill: Encyclopedia - A. P. Hill
Ambrose Powell Hill (November 9, 1825 – April 2, 1865), was a Confederate general in the American Civil War. He gained early fame as th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Early Hinduism: Encyclopedia - History Of Early Hinduism
Please remove this notice after the article has been expanded. Details are on this talk page or at Wikipedia:Requests for expansion. The ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William S. Harney: Encyclopedia - William S. Harney
William Selby Harney (22 August 1800 - 9 May 1889) was a cavalry officer in the U.S. Army during the Mexican-American War and the Indian ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - David Farragut: Encyclopedia - David Farragut
David Glasgow Farragut (July 5, 1801 – August 14, 1870) was the commander-in-chief of the U.S. Navy during the American Civil War. He w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Benjamin Mcculloch: Encyclopedia - Benjamin Mcculloch
Benjamin McCulloch (November 11, 1811–March 7, 1862) was a soldier in the Texas Revolution, Texas Ranger, U.S. marshal, and brigadier g...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Albert Sidney Johnston: Encyclopedia - Albert Sidney Johnston
Albert Sidney Johnston (February 2, 1803 – April 6, 1862) was a career U.S. Army officer and a Confederate general during the American ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Winfield Scott Hancock: Encyclopedia - Winfield Scott Hancock
Winfield Scott Hancock (February 14, 1824 – February 9, 1886) was a career U.S. Army officer who served with distinction as a general i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Braxton Bragg: Encyclopedia - Braxton Bragg
Braxton Bragg (March 22, 1817 – September 27, 1876) was a career U.S. Army officer and a general in the Confederate States Army during ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ambrose Burnside: Encyclopedia - Ambrose Burnside
Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23, 1824 – September 13, 1881) was a railroad executive, an industrialist, and a politician from Rhode Is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Metcalf Civil Engineer: Encyclopedia Ii - John Metcalf Civil Engineer - Early Life
John was born in Knaresborough, about 15 miles north of Leeds, Yorkshire on August 15th, 1717 into a poor family, the son of a horse bree...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cambodian Civil War: Encyclopedia Ii - Cambodian Civil War - Early Khmer Rouge Atrocities
One of the earliest accounts of life under the Khmer Rouge was written in 1973 by a school administrator, Ith Sarin, who had joined the m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jubal Anderson Early: Encyclopedia Ii - Jubal Anderson Early - Civil War
Early was a Whig and strongly opposed secession at the April, 1860, Virginia convention for that purpose. However, he was soon aroused by...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roy Innis: Encyclopedia Ii - Roy Innis - Early Civil Rights Years
He joined CORE’s Harlem chapter in 1963. In 1964, he was elected Chairman of the chapter’s education committee and became a forceful ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Adelbert Ames: Encyclopedia Ii - Adelbert Ames - Early Life And Civil War
Ames was born in Rockland, Maine, son of a sea captain named Jesse Ames. He worked briefly as a merchant seaman on his father's ship and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Louisville And Nashville Railroad: Encyclopedia Ii - Louisville And Nashville Railroad - Early History And Civil War
Its first line extended only barely south of Louisville, Kentucky, and in fact it took until 1859 to span the 180-odd miles to its second...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Civilization As A Cultural Identity
"Civilization" can also describe the culture of a complex society, not just the society itself. Every society, civilization or not, has a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Early Modern Ireland 1536-1691: Encyclopedia Ii - Early Modern Ireland 1536-1691 - Civil Wars Land Confiscations And Penal Laws 1641-1691
The fifty years from 1641 to 1691 saw two catastrophic periods of civil war in Ireland 1641-53 and 1689-91, which killed hundreds of thou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Problems With The Term Civilization
As discussed above, "civilization" has a number of meanings, and its use can lead to confusion and misunderstanding. However, "civilizati...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - What Characterizes Civilization
Literally, a civilization is a complex society, as distinguished from a simpler society. Everyone lives in a society and a culture, but n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Civilization As A Cultural Identity
"Civilization" can also describe the culture of a complex society, not just the society itself. Every society, civilization or not, has a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Problems With The Term Civilization
As discussed above, "civilization" has a number of meanings, and its use can lead to confusion and misunderstanding. However, "civilizati...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - What Characterizes Civilization
Literally, a civilization is a complex society, as distinguished from a simpler society. Everyone lives in a society and a culture, but n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Civilization As A Cultural Identity
"Civilization" can also describe the culture of a complex society, not just the society itself. Every society, civilization or not, has a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Problems With The Term Civilization
As discussed above, "civilization" has a number of meanings, and its use can lead to confusion and misunderstanding. However, "civilizati...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - What Characterizes Civilization
Literally, a civilization is a complex society, as distinguished from a simpler society. Everyone lives in a society and a culture, but n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Negative Views Of Civilization
Civilization has been criticized from a variety of viewpoints and for a variety of reasons. However, few critics have objected to all asp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - The Future Of Civilizations
Political scientist Samuel P. Huntington has argued that the defining characteristic of the 21st century will be a clash of civilizations...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Negative Views Of Civilization
Civilization has been criticized from a variety of viewpoints and for a variety of reasons. However, few critics have objected to all asp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cambodian Civil War: Encyclopedia Ii - Cambodian Civil War - Insurrection And War 1967-75
By the mid-1960s, Norodom Sihanouk's delicate balancing act was beginning to go awry. Regionally, the presence of large-scale North Vietn...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - The Fall Of Civilizations
There have been many explanations put forwards for the collapse of civilization. Edward Gibbon's massive work "The Decline and Fall of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - The Future Of Civilizations
Political scientist Samuel P. Huntington has argued that the defining characteristic of the 21st century will be a clash of civilizations...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Civilizations As Complex Systems
Another group of theorists, making use of systems theory, look at civilizations as complex systems or networks of cities that emerge from...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Negative Views Of Civilization
Civilization has been criticized from a variety of viewpoints and for a variety of reasons. However, few critics have objected to all asp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - The Future Of Civilizations
Political scientist Samuel P. Huntington has argued that the defining characteristic of the 21st century will be a clash of civilizations...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Civilizations As Complex Systems
Another group of theorists, making use of systems theory, look at civilizations as complex systems or networks of cities that emerge from...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cambodian Civil War: Encyclopedia Ii - Cambodian Civil War - The Fall Of Phnom Penh
The Khmer Rouge initiated their dry-season offensive to capture the beleaguered Cambodian capital on January 1, 1975. Their troops contro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - The Fall Of Civilisations
There have been many explanations put forwards for the collapse of civilisation. Edward Gibbon's massive work "The Decline and Fall of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Civilization - Civilizations As Complex Systems
Another group of theorists, making use of systems theory, look at civilizations as complex systems or networks of cities that emerge from...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Opothleyahola: Encyclopedia Ii - Opothleyahola - Early Life
Opothleyahola was born at Tuckabatchee town in present day Elmore County, Alabama. He is believed to have fought against the whites possi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Early Hinduism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Early Hinduism - At The Birth Of Hinduism
Hinduism was born out of the very complex, controversial, humane and violent dynamics of the ancient peoples of India. It involved spirit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civil Engineering And Infrastructure Repair In New Orleans After Hurricane Katrina: Encyclopedia Ii - Civil Engineering And Infrastructure Repair In New Orleans After Hurricane Katrina - Timeline
Civil engineering and infrastructure repair in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina - August 27: Before the storm. One of the services o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tony Frangieh: Encyclopedia Ii - Tony Frangieh - Civil War
In the early 1970s, when factions within Lebanon started to form militias, the Frangieh clan formed the Marada Brigade, also known as the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Early Hinduism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Early Hinduism - Analyzing The History
Assessing the history of early Hinduism, involving the birth of its most sacred and fundamental tenets is extremely difficult, as the his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tony Frangieh: Encyclopedia Ii - Tony Frangieh - Education And Early Political Career
Frangieh was educated at the College Des Frères, first in Tripoli then in Beirut, the latter from 1958 to 1960. He was furthering his st...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Philip Phillips: Encyclopedia Ii - Philip Phillips - Family And Early Life
Philip Phillips was born into a Jewish family in Charleston, South Carolina, the son of Aaron Pfeiffer from Ansbach, Bavaria, who changed...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bayard Rustin: Encyclopedia Ii - Bayard Rustin - Early Life
Rustin was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania. He was raised by his maternal grandparents. For the first ten years of his life, Rustin be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - George Meade: Encyclopedia Ii - George Meade - Civil War
George Meade - Early commands. Meade was promoted from captain to brigadier general of volunteers on August 31, 1861, a few months afte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Early Hinduism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Early Hinduism - Composition Of The Vedas
See Also: Vedas, Shruti Shruti Vedas Rig Veda Sama Veda Yajur Veda Atharva Veda Brahmanas Aranyakas Upanishads Smriti Itihāsas M...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Hunt Morgan: Encyclopedia Ii - John Hunt Morgan - Early Life And Career
John Hunt Morgan was born in Huntsville, Alabama, the eldest of 10 children of Calvin and Henrietta Hunt Morgan, and uncle of geneticist ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - George B. Mcclellan: Encyclopedia Ii - George B. Mcclellan - Civil War
After the defeat of the Union forces at Bull Run in July 1861, Lincoln appointed McClellan commander of the Army of the Potomac (July 26)...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prince Rupert Of The Rhine: Encyclopedia Ii - Prince Rupert Of The Rhine - Early Life
Rupert was born in Prague in 1619 at the time of the Thirty Years War. Soon after his birth, the family fled from Bohemia to the Netherla...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Adelbert Ames: Encyclopedia Ii - Adelbert Ames - Mississippi Politics
In 1868, Ames was appointed by Congress to be provisional Governor of Mississippi. His command soon extended to the Fourth Military Distr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prince Rupert Of The Rhine: Encyclopedia Ii - Prince Rupert Of The Rhine - Career During The Civil War
In 1642, King Charles appointed him to lead the Royalist cavalry, and he largely deserves the credit for their early successes. His dashi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John F. Hartranft: Encyclopedia Ii - John F. Hartranft - Early Life And Career
John F. Hartranft was born on December 16, 1830, in New Hanover Township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. He attended Marshall College...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - George Crook: Encyclopedia Ii - George Crook - Civil War
George Crook - Early Service. When the U.S. Civil War broke out, Crook accepted a commission as Colonel of Ohio's 36th regiment and led...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William S. Harney: Encyclopedia Ii - William S. Harney - Early Military Career
Harney started his military career in 1818 as a second lieutenant in the 1st U.S. Infantry. He forced the pirate Jean Lafitte to move his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - P.g.t. Beauregard: Encyclopedia Ii - P.g.t. Beauregard - Early Life
Beauregard was born at the "Contreras" plantation in St. Bernard Parish, outside of New Orleans, Louisiana, to a white Creole family. His...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - George B. Mcclellan: Encyclopedia Ii - George B. Mcclellan - Early Career
Born in Philadelphia, McClellan first attended the University of Pennsylvania, then transferred to West Point, graduating second in his c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Daniel Sickles: Encyclopedia Ii - Daniel Sickles - Early Life And Politics
Born in New York City, Sickles learned the printer's trade, studied in the University of the City of New York (now New York University), ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - P.g.t. Beauregard: Encyclopedia Ii - P.g.t. Beauregard - Early Life
Beauregard was born at the "Contreras" plantation in St. Bernard Parish, outside of New Orleans, Louisiana, to a white Creole family. His...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John S. Marmaduke: Encyclopedia Ii - John S. Marmaduke - Early Life And Career
The second son among ten children, John S. Marmaduke was born on his father's farm near Arrow Rock in Saline County, Missouri. His father...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Camille Chamoun: Encyclopedia Ii - Camille Chamoun - During The Civil War
In the 1970s and 1980s, Chamoun served in a variety of portfolios in the Cabinet. This was during the Lebanese Civil War (1975-90), in wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lew Wallace: Encyclopedia Ii - Lew Wallace - The Civil War
At the start of the Civil War, Wallace helped raise troops in Indiana. He eventually rose to major general in the Union Army, fighting (w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Hunt Morgan: Encyclopedia Ii - John Hunt Morgan - Civil War
An invalided Becky Morgan died July 21, 1861. In September, Captain Morgan and his militiamen joined the Confederate States Army. He soon...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arkansas Democrat-gazette: Encyclopedia Ii - Arkansas Democrat-gazette - History
Arkansas Democrat-Gazette - Early Years. The history of the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette goes back to the earliest days of territorial Ark...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John W. Geary: Encyclopedia Ii - John W. Geary - Early Years
Geary was born in Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh, the son of Richard Geary, an ironmaster and schoolmaster, and Margaret W...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Metcalf Civil Engineer: Encyclopedia Ii - John Metcalf Civil Engineer - Road Builder
In 1765 Parliament passed an act authorising turnpike building in the Knaresborough area. There were few people around with road building...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Alexander Mcclernand: Encyclopedia Ii - John Alexander Mcclernand - Early Life And Political Career
McClernand was born in Breckinridge County, Kentucky, near Hardinsburg, but his family moved to Shawneetown, Illinois, when he was quite ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Washington D.c.: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Washington D.c. - Founding
The Piscataway Indians, a branch of the Algonquin, settled in the region in the early 17th century. European settlers began arriving in t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lew Wallace: Encyclopedia Ii - Lew Wallace - Postwar Career
Wallace, as a lawyer, participated in the trials of Lincoln assassination conspirators and of Henry Wirz, commandant of the Andersonville...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William Henry Fitzhugh Lee: Encyclopedia Ii - William Henry Fitzhugh Lee - Civil War
With the outbreak of the Civil War Lee became a captain in the Confederate Army cavalry and was soon promoted to major. He initially serv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Washington D.c.: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Washington D.c. - Post-civil War Era
In the early 1870s, Washington was given a territorial government. Its first governor, Alexander Shepherd, however, gained an unfortunate...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Robert C. Schenck: Encyclopedia Ii - Robert C. Schenck - Early Life And Career
Robert C. Schenck was born in Franklin, Warren County, Ohio to William Cortenius Schenck (1773-1821) and Elizabeth Rogers (1776-1853). Hi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - George Crook: Encyclopedia Ii - George Crook - Early Life
Crook was born to Thomas and Elizabeth Matthews Crook on a farm near Taylorsville, Ohio (near Dayton). He graduated from West Point in 18...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - George S. Greene: Encyclopedia Ii - George S. Greene - Early Life
Greene was born in Apponaug, Rhode Island, the grandson of Revolutionary War general Nathaniel Greene, and the son of a ship owner who wa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cambodian Civil War: Encyclopedia Ii - Cambodian Civil War - The March 1970 Coup D'etat
Sihanouk was away on a trip to Moscow and Beijing when General Lon Nol launched a successful coup d'état. On the morning of March 18, 19...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cambodian Civil War: Encyclopedia Ii - Cambodian Civil War - The Widening War
The 1970 coup d'état that toppled Sihanouk dragged Cambodia into the vortex of a wider war. The escalating conflict pitted government tr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John B. Magruder: Encyclopedia Ii - John B. Magruder - Civil War
At the start of the Civil War, Magruder was assigned to the artillery in the garrison forces of Washington, D.C., but he resigned from th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - David Farragut: Encyclopedia Ii - David Farragut - Early Life And Naval Career
Farragut was born to Jordi and Elizabeth Farragut at Campbell's Station, near Knoxville, Tennessee, where his father was serving as a cav...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John F. Hartranft: Encyclopedia Ii - John F. Hartranft - Postbellum Activities
At the war's end, he was appointed a special provost marshal during the trial of those accused in Lincoln's assassination. Hartranft was ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Early Modern Ireland 1536-1691: Encyclopedia Ii - Early Modern Ireland 1536-1691 - A New Order? 1607-1641
In the early years of the 17th century, it looked possible for a time that, due to immigration of English and Scottish settlers, Ireland ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles: Encyclopedia Ii - Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - Civil War
On the outbreak of the Civil War Holles, who had been made lieutenant of Bristol, was sent with Bedford to the west against the marquess ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lichfield Cathedral: Encyclopedia Ii - Lichfield Cathedral - About Lichfield Cathedral
The cathedral internal length is 370 ft., and the breadth of the nave 68 ft., the central spire is 77m (252') high and the western spires...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Milledge Luke Bonham: Encyclopedia Ii - Milledge Luke Bonham - Early Life And Career
Milledge L. Bonham was born near Red Bank (now Saluda), South Carolina, the son of Virginia native Capt. James Bonham and Sophie Smith Bo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roger Atkinson Pryor: Encyclopedia Ii - Roger Atkinson Pryor - Early Life And Career
Pryor was born near Petersburg, Virginia. He graduated from Hampden-Sydney College in 1845 and from the law school of the University of V...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John A. Logan: Encyclopedia Ii - John A. Logan - Early Life And Political Career
Logan was born in what is now Murphysboro, Jackson County, Illinois. He had no schooling until age 14; he then studied for three years at...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yakov Yurovsky: Encyclopedia Ii - Yakov Yurovsky - Early Life
Yurovsky was born as the eighth of ten children in a working class family. The family was a Jewish orthodox family who traditionally hate...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Edward Porter Alexander: Encyclopedia Ii - Edward Porter Alexander - Civil War
Alexander resigned his commission May 1, 1861, to join the Confederate army. As a captain, he was the Chief Engineer and Signal Officer o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Alexander Mcclernand: Encyclopedia Ii - John Alexander Mcclernand - Civil War
He resigned from Congress, raised the "McClernand Brigade" in Illinois, and was commissioned brigadier general of volunteers on May 17, 1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Benjamin Mcculloch: Encyclopedia Ii - Benjamin Mcculloch - Early Life
He was born 11 November 1811 in Rutherford County, Tennessee, one of twelve children and the fourth son of Alexander McCulloch and France...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thomas L. Rosser: Encyclopedia Ii - Thomas L. Rosser - Civil War
Rosser was commissioned first lieutenant and became an instructor to the famed "Washington Artillery" of New Orleans. He commanded its Se...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kenelm Digby: Encyclopedia Ii - Kenelm Digby - Early Life And Career
He went to Gloucester Hall, Oxford in 1618, but left without taking a degree. He spent three years in Europe between 1620 and 1623, where...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stephen Ii Kotromanić: Encyclopedia Ii - Stephen Ii Kotromanić - Ban
Stephen II Kotromanić - Croatian Civil Wars and Early Reign. Mladen had almost entirely retreated from Bosnia as he had numerious trou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Washington D.c.: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Washington D.c. - 20th Century
President Herbert Hoover ordered the United States Army on July 28, 1932 to forcibly evict the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans that ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Albert Sidney Johnston: Encyclopedia Ii - Albert Sidney Johnston - Civil War
At the outbreak of the American Civil War, Johnston was the commander of the U.S. Army Department of the Pacific in California. He was ap...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - George Meade: Encyclopedia Ii - George Meade - Early Career
Meade was born in Cádiz, Spain. His father, a wealthy American merchant, was ruined financially due in part to his support of Spain in t...   » Read the article