E. coli O157:H7

The proper washing of hands in a medical setting generally consists of the use of generous amounts of soap and water to lather and rub each part of ones hands systematically. Hands should be rubbed together with digits interlocking. If there is debris under fingernails, a bristle brush is often used to remove it. Finally, it is necessary to rinse well and wipe dry with a paper towel. After drying a dry paper towel ...

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Hand washing, Hand washing - Purpose, Hand washing - Personal hand washing, Hand washing - Medical hand washing, Hand washing - Symbolic hand washing

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The human body contains a large number of bacteria, most of them performing tasks that are useful or even essential to human survival. Those that are expected to be present, and that under normal circumstances do not cause disease, are termed normal flora. It is estimated that 500 to 1000 different species of bacteria live in the human body (Sears, 2005). Bacterial cells are much smaller than human cells, and there are about ten times as many bacteria as human cells in the body (1 quadrillion (1015) versus 100 trilli ...

Including:

• Bacteria in the human body - Reference

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Model organism - Viruses. lambda phage Model organism - Prokaryotes. Escherichia coli (E. coli) Bacillus subtilis Mycoplasma genitalium - a minimal organism Vibrio fischeri - quorum sensing, bioluminescence and animal-bacterial symbiosis with Hawaiian bobtail squid Synechocystis, a photosynthetic cyanobacteria widely used in photosynthesis research. Pseudomonas fluorescens, a soil bacterium that r ...

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Model organism, Model organism - Important model organisms, Model organism - Viruses, Model organism - Prokaryotes, Model organism - Unicellular eukaryotes, Model organism - Multicellular eukaryotes, Model organism - Model organisms used for specific research objectives, Model organism - Sexual selection and sexual conflict, Model organism - Hybrid zones

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The combination of the symptoms and a routine blood film often lead to the detection of schistocytes (fragmented red cells) and "helmet cells" on the blood film. This is indicative of breakdown of red blood cells through factors in the small blood vessels. Other tests to be performed are reticulocyte counts, lactate dehydrogenase, direct antiglobulin test (DAT/Coombs' test), renal function (creatinine), electrolytes and liver enzymes. Very high LDH levels may be present; these mainly originate from ...

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Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Signs and symptoms, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Diagnosis, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Causes, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Idiopathic TTP, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Secondary TTP, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Upshaw-Shulman syndrome, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Treatment, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Epidemiology, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Prognosis, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - History

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Loperamide is an opioid receptor agonist and acts on the mu opioid receptors in the myenteric plexus large intestines; it does not affect the central nervous system like other opioids. It works by decreasing the activity of the myenteric plexus which decreases the motility of the circular and longitudinal smooth muscles of the intestinal wall. This increases the amount of time substances stay in the intestine, allowing for more water to be absorbed out of the fecal matter. Loperamide also decreases colonic mass mov ...

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Loperamide, Loperamide - Mode of action, Loperamide - Contraindications, Loperamide - Side-effects

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Model organism - Viruses. lambda phage Model organism - Prokaryotes. Escherichia coli (E. coli) Bacillus subtilis Mycoplasma genitalium - a minimal organism Vibrio fischeri - quorum sensing, bioluminescence and animal-bacterial symbiosis with Hawaiian bobtail squid Synechocystis, a photosynthetic ...

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Model organism, Model organism - Important model organisms, Model organism - Viruses, Model organism - Prokaryotes, Model organism - Unicellular eukaryotes, Model organism - Multicellular eukaryotes

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Model organism - Sexual selection and sexual conflict. Callusobruchus maculatus, the bruchid beetle Chorthippus parallelus, the meadow grasshopper Coelopidae - seaweed flies Diopsidae - stalk-eyed flies Drosophila spp. - fruit flies Gryllus bimaculatus, the field cricket Scathofaga stercoraria, the yellow dung fly Model organism - Hybrid zones. ...

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Model organism, Model organism - Important model organisms, Model organism - Viruses, Model organism - Prokaryotes, Model organism - Unicellular eukaryotes, Model organism - Multicellular eukaryotes, Model organism - Model organisms used for specific research objectives, Model organism - Sexual selection and sexual conflict, Model organism - Hybrid zones

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Since the early 1990s, plasmapheresis has become the treatment of choice for TTP. This is the removal of the patient's blood plasma through apheresis and replacement with donor's plasma (fresh frozen plasma or cryosupernatant); the procedure has to be repeated daily to eliminate the inhibitor and ablate the symptoms. Lactate dehydrogenase levels are generally used to monitor disease activity. Many TTP patients need additional immunosuppressive therapy, with steroids (prednisone), vincristine, cyclophosphamide, splenectomy or a combina ...

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Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Signs and symptoms, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Diagnosis, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Causes, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Idiopathic TTP, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Secondary TTP, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Upshaw-Shulman syndrome, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Treatment, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Epidemiology, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Prognosis, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - History

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TTP (as with other MAHAs) is caused by spontaneous aggregation of platelets and activation of coagulation in the small blood vessels. Platelets are consumed in the coagulation process, and the fibrin mesh quite literally "tears apart" red blood cells, leading to hemolysis. Roughly, there are two forms of TTP: idiopathic and secondary TTP. A special case is the inherited deficiency of ADAMTS13, known as the Upshaw-Shulman syndrome. See also:

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Signs and symptoms, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Diagnosis, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Causes, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Idiopathic TTP, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Secondary TTP, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Upshaw-Shulman syndrome, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Treatment, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Epidemiology, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Prognosis, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - History

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The mortality rate is approximately 95% for untreated cases, but the prognosis is reasonably favorable (80-90%) for patients with idiopathic TTP diagnosed and treated early with plasmapheresis. Approximately one-third of patients experiencing a TTP episode have a relapse within 10 years following their first attack. Secondary TTP still has an dismal prognosis, with mortality rates despite treatment being reported as 59% to 100%. ...

See also:

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Signs and symptoms, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Diagnosis, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Causes, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Idiopathic TTP, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Secondary TTP, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Upshaw-Shulman syndrome, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Treatment, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Epidemiology, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Prognosis, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - History

Read more here: » Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Encyclopedia II - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - Prognosis