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Durrani Empire | A Wisdom Archive on Durrani Empire | | Durrani Empire A selection of articles related to Durrani Empire | |
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Durrani Empire, Durrani Empire - First Reign of Mahmud Shah 1801-1803, Durrani Empire - Reign of Ahmad Shah 1747-1772, Durrani Empire - Reign of Ayub Shah 1819-1823, Durrani Empire - Reign of Shuja Shah 1803-1809, Durrani Empire - Reign of Sultan Ali Shah 1818-1819, Durrani Empire - Reign of Timur Shah 1772-1793, Durrani Empire - Reign of Zaman Shah 1793-1801, Durrani Empire - Second Reign of Mahmud Shah 1809-1818
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Durrani Empire | | | |  Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Afghanistan - EconomyMain article: Economy of Afghanistan
Although Afghanistan has significant amounts of natural resources, it is a poor country, highly dependent on farming and livestock production/animal husbandry. Two-thirds of the population lives on less than US$2 a day. The economy has suffered greatly from the recent political and military unrest since the 1979-80 Soviet invasion and subsequent conflicts, while severe drought added to ...
See also:Afghanistan, Afghanistan - Origin and history of the name, Afghanistan - History, Afghanistan - Politics, Afghanistan - Subdivisions, Afghanistan - Geography, Afghanistan - Economy, Afghanistan - Economy References, Afghanistan - Demographics, Afghanistan - Constitution, Afghanistan - Culture, Afghanistan - Education, Afghanistan - Additional references Read more here: » Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Afghanistan - Economy |
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| | | | | Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Afghanistan - Origin and history of the name The name of Afghanistan derives from word Afghan. The Pushtuns appear to have begun using the term Afghan as a name for themselves from the Islamic period onwards. According to W.K. Frazier Tyler, M.C. Gillet and several other scholars, "The word Afghan first appears in history in the Hudud-al-Alam in 982 AD."
There are numerous views, regarding the origin of name Afgha ...
See also:Afghanistan, Afghanistan - Origin and history of the name, Afghanistan - History, Afghanistan - Politics, Afghanistan - Subdivisions, Afghanistan - Geography, Afghanistan - Economy, Afghanistan - Economy References, Afghanistan - Demographics, Afghanistan - Constitution, Afghanistan - Culture, Afghanistan - Education, Afghanistan - Additional references Read more here: » Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Afghanistan - Origin and history of the name |
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| | | | | Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Sindh - Art and culture
Please remove this notice after the article has been expanded. Details are on this talk page or at Wikipedia:Requests for expansion.
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See also:Sindh, Sindh - Geography, Sindh - Vegetation And Animal Life, Sindh - Climate, Sindh - Demographics and Society, Sindh - History, Sindh - Ancient history, Sindh - Arrival of Arabs, Sindh - British Era, Sindh - After creation of Pakistan, Sindh - Administrative division, Sindh - Economy, Sindh - Education, Sindh - Art and culture, Sindh - Major attractions, Sindh - Personalities Read more here: » Sindh: Encyclopedia II - Sindh - Art and culture |
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| | | | | Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Afghanistan - Demographics Main article: Demographics of Afghanistan
The population of Afghanistan is divided into a wide variety of ethnic groups largely composed of Iranian and Turkic peoples. Because a systematic census has not been held in the country in decades, exact figures about the size and composition of the various ethnic groups are not available.[13] Therefore most figures are approximations only. According to the CIA World FactBook (updated on 17 May 2005), an approximate ethnic group distribution is as follows: Pashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%, Uzbek 9%, Ai ...
See also:Afghanistan, Afghanistan - Origin and history of the name, Afghanistan - History, Afghanistan - Politics, Afghanistan - Subdivisions, Afghanistan - Geography, Afghanistan - Economy, Afghanistan - Economy References, Afghanistan - Demographics, Afghanistan - Constitution, Afghanistan - Culture, Afghanistan - Education, Afghanistan - Additional references Read more here: » Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Afghanistan - Demographics |
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| | | | | Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Emperor - Distinction between Emperor and other types of monarch Both kings and emperors are monarchs. There is no single rule to distinguish the one from the other: several factors, like interpretations of historians, the size and characteristics of the governed realm, and the title(s) chosen by the monarch play a part in distinguishing the one from the other. General characteristics indicating that a monarch is to be considered an emperor rather than a king include:
The monarch chose a title that usually translates as "emperor" in English, and/or is accepted as the equivalent of "emperor" i ...
See also:Emperor, Emperor - Distinction between Emperor and other types of monarch, Emperor - Imperium maius, Emperor - Historical development of the Roman & Christian tradition, Emperor - Europe & Byzantium, Emperor - Post-colonial emperors modeled on Europe, Emperor - History on other imperial traditions, Emperor - Pre-Columbian American traditions, Emperor - Pre-colonial Africa:, Emperor - Far East, Emperor - Persian and Islamic traditions, Emperor - Lists of emperors, Emperor - Emperors of traditional empires, Emperor - Emperors of short-lived 'empires', Emperor - Self-proclaimed emperors, Emperor - Fictional emperors, Emperor - Notes, Emperor - Trivia Read more here: » Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Emperor - Distinction between Emperor and other types of monarch |
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| | | | | Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Emperor - Lists of emperors
Emperor - Emperors of traditional empires.
Persian Empire (559 BC–330 BC) - see List of kings of Persia
Empire of Alexander the Great (334 BC–281 BC)
Mauryan Empire (321 BC–185 BC) - see Mauryan dynasty
Chinese Empire (221 BC–1911) - see Table of Chinese monarchs
Roman Empire (27 BC–476) - see List of Roman Emperors
Holy Roman Empire (800 and 962–1806) - see List of Holy Roman Emperors
Byzantine Empire (395–1453) ...
See also:Emperor, Emperor - Distinction between Emperor and other types of monarch, Emperor - Imperium maius, Emperor - Historical development of the Roman & Christian tradition, Emperor - Europe & Byzantium, Emperor - Post-colonial emperors modeled on Europe, Emperor - History on other imperial traditions, Emperor - Pre-Columbian American traditions, Emperor - Pre-colonial Africa:, Emperor - Far East, Emperor - Persian and Islamic traditions, Emperor - Lists of emperors, Emperor - Emperors of traditional empires, Emperor - Emperors of short-lived 'empires', Emperor - Self-proclaimed emperors, Emperor - Fictional emperors, Emperor - Notes, Emperor - Trivia Read more here: » Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Emperor - Lists of emperors |
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| | | | | Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Emperor - History on other imperial traditions
Emperor - Pre-Columbian American traditions.
The only pre-Columbian North American rulers to be commonly called emperors were the Hueyi Tlatoani of the Aztec Empire (1375–1521). Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés slew Emperor Cuauhtémoc and installed puppet emperors who became vassals for Spain. Mexican Emperor Maximilian built his palace over the ruins of the Aztec one at Chapultepec.
The only pre-Columbian South American rulers to be commonly called emperors were the Sapa Inca of the ...
See also:Emperor, Emperor - Distinction between Emperor and other types of monarch, Emperor - Imperium maius, Emperor - Historical development of the Roman & Christian tradition, Emperor - Europe & Byzantium, Emperor - Post-colonial emperors modeled on Europe, Emperor - History on other imperial traditions, Emperor - Pre-Columbian American traditions, Emperor - Pre-colonial Africa:, Emperor - Far East, Emperor - Persian and Islamic traditions, Emperor - Lists of emperors, Emperor - Emperors of traditional empires, Emperor - Emperors of short-lived 'empires', Emperor - Self-proclaimed emperors, Emperor - Fictional emperors, Emperor - Notes, Emperor - Trivia Read more here: » Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Emperor - History on other imperial traditions |
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| | | | | Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Pashtun people - Who is a Pashtun? Amongst historians, anthropologists, and the Pashtuns themselves, there is some debate as to who exactly is a Pashtun. The most prominent views are (1) that Pashtuns are predominantly an Eastern Iranian people who are speakers of the Pashto language and live in a contiguous geographic location (this is the generally accepted academic view) in Afghanistan and Pakistan, (2) Pashtuns, in addition to being Pashto-speakers and meeting other criteria, are also Muslim and follow Pashtunwali and thus Jews, Christians, or atheists would be excluded, ...
See also:Pashtun people, Pashtun people - History and Origins, Pashtun people - Ancient references, Pashtun people - Anthropological and linguistic evidence, Pashtun people - Indigenous oral tradition of Pashtun origins, Pashtun people - Genetic insights into the origins of the Pashtuns, Pashtun people - Pashtuns in the modern era, Pashtun people - Who is a Pashtun?, Pashtun people - Ethnic definition, Pashtun people - Cultural definition, Pashtun people - Ancestral definition, Pashtun people - Culture, Pashtun people - Institutions, Pashtun people - Established Pashtun tribes, Pashtun people - Social conditions, Pashtun people - Pashtun women Read more here: » Pashtun people: Encyclopedia II - Pashtun people - Who is a Pashtun? |
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| | | | | Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Sindh - Economy Sindh is the backbone of Pakistan economy as it generates approximately 70% of the total national revenue whereas in return federal government pays back just 23% from financial divisible pool. Sindh government considers that the formula of financial resource distribution i.e NFC award is solely population denominated.
Sindh is in many ways the main province of economic activity in Pakistan and has a highly diversified economy with heavy industry and finance centered in and around Karachi to a substantial agricultural base along the In ...
See also:Sindh, Sindh - Geography, Sindh - Vegetation And Animal Life, Sindh - Climate, Sindh - Demographics and Society, Sindh - History, Sindh - Ancient history, Sindh - Arrival of Arabs, Sindh - British Era, Sindh - After creation of Pakistan, Sindh - Administrative division, Sindh - Economy, Sindh - Education, Sindh - Art and culture, Sindh - Major attractions, Sindh - Personalities Read more here: » Sindh: Encyclopedia II - Sindh - Economy |
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| | | | | Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Pashtun people - Institutions The Pashtuns are predominantly a tribal people, however, increasing numbers now dwell in cities and urban settlements. Many still identify themselves with various clans.
More precisely, there are several levels of organization: the tabar (tribe) is subdivided into kinship groups each of which is a khel. The khel in turn is divided into smaller groups (pllarina or plarganey), each of which consists of several extended families or kahols. [Wardak, 2003, p. 7] "A large tribe often has dozens of s ...
See also:Pashtun people, Pashtun people - History and Origins, Pashtun people - Ancient references, Pashtun people - Anthropological and linguistic evidence, Pashtun people - Indigenous oral tradition of Pashtun origins, Pashtun people - Genetic insights into the origins of the Pashtuns, Pashtun people - Pashtuns in the modern era, Pashtun people - Who is a Pashtun?, Pashtun people - Ethnic definition, Pashtun people - Cultural definition, Pashtun people - Ancestral definition, Pashtun people - Culture, Pashtun people - Institutions, Pashtun people - Established Pashtun tribes, Pashtun people - Social conditions, Pashtun people - Pashtun women Read more here: » Pashtun people: Encyclopedia II - Pashtun people - Institutions |
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| | | | | Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Pashtun people - Culture Throughout Pashtun history poets, prophets, kings and warriors have been the most revered members of society. The term 'Pakhto' or 'Pashto' from which they derive their name is not merely the name of their language, but synonymous with an honour code and religion known as Pashtunwali. The main tenets of 'Pakhto' or formally known as Pashtunwali are:
Hospitality and asylum to all guests seeking help.
Justice: Ancient Israelite Moses' Law, Tooth for a Tooth.
Defense of 'Zan, Zar and Zameen' (Women/Family, Treasury and Property).
Personal Independence. Pashtuns are fiercely independent and ther ...
See also:Pashtun people, Pashtun people - History and Origins, Pashtun people - Ancient references, Pashtun people - Anthropological and linguistic evidence, Pashtun people - Indigenous oral tradition of Pashtun origins, Pashtun people - Genetic insights into the origins of the Pashtuns, Pashtun people - Pashtuns in the modern era, Pashtun people - Who is a Pashtun?, Pashtun people - Ethnic definition, Pashtun people - Cultural definition, Pashtun people - Ancestral definition, Pashtun people - Culture, Pashtun people - Institutions, Pashtun people - Established Pashtun tribes, Pashtun people - Social conditions, Pashtun people - Pashtun women Read more here: » Pashtun people: Encyclopedia II - Pashtun people - Culture |
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| | | | | Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Sindh - Demographics and Society The population is approximately 35 million while official source (1998 census) estimated 30.439 million, with over half being urban dwellers, mainly found in Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur and Larkana. A large section of the population speak Sindhi and Urdu languages. Other languages spoken include Siraiki, Balochi, Brohi, Punjabi, Pakhtu, Rajasthani and Gujarati. Urban areas of Sindh are multi-ethnic c ...
See also:Sindh, Sindh - Geography, Sindh - Vegetation And Animal Life, Sindh - Climate, Sindh - Demographics and Society, Sindh - History, Sindh - Ancient history, Sindh - Arrival of Arabs, Sindh - British Era, Sindh - After creation of Pakistan, Sindh - Administrative division, Sindh - Economy, Sindh - Education, Sindh - Art and culture, Sindh - Major attractions, Sindh - Personalities Read more here: » Sindh: Encyclopedia II - Sindh - Demographics and Society |
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| | | | | Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Pashtun people - Social conditions The Pashtuns today are a diverse population with widely varying lifestyles and perspectives. The effects of globalization have led to the proliferation of so-called 'Western' ideas as well as the infilitration of Saudi-style Wahhabist Islam. Though many Pashtuns remain tribal and illiterate, others have become urbanized and highly educated. The ravages of the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan and the Afghan wars leading up to the rise and fall of the Taliban have caused substantial misery amongst the Pashtuns. Currently, Afghanistan is in a r ...
See also:Pashtun people, Pashtun people - History and Origins, Pashtun people - Ancient references, Pashtun people - Anthropological and linguistic evidence, Pashtun people - Indigenous oral tradition of Pashtun origins, Pashtun people - Genetic insights into the origins of the Pashtuns, Pashtun people - Pashtuns in the modern era, Pashtun people - Who is a Pashtun?, Pashtun people - Ethnic definition, Pashtun people - Cultural definition, Pashtun people - Ancestral definition, Pashtun people - Culture, Pashtun people - Institutions, Pashtun people - Established Pashtun tribes, Pashtun people - Social conditions, Pashtun people - Pashtun women Read more here: » Pashtun people: Encyclopedia II - Pashtun people - Social conditions |
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| | | | | Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Sindh - Geography Sindh is located at the northeastern corner of South Asia just before the Iranian plateau in the west. It is the third largest province geographically. Its size is about 579 km north-south and 442 km (extreme) or 281 km (average) east-west, with an area of 140,915 km². Sindh is bounded by the Thar Desert to the east, the Kirthar Mountains to the west, and the Arabian Sea in the south. In the center is the fertile plain where the Indus river runs through. Largely irrigated, the Indus' devast ...
See also:Sindh, Sindh - Geography, Sindh - Vegetation And Animal Life, Sindh - Climate, Sindh - Demographics and Society, Sindh - History, Sindh - Ancient history, Sindh - Arrival of Arabs, Sindh - British Era, Sindh - After creation of Pakistan, Sindh - Administrative division, Sindh - Economy, Sindh - Education, Sindh - Art and culture, Sindh - Major attractions, Sindh - Personalities Read more here: » Sindh: Encyclopedia II - Sindh - Geography |
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| | | | | Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Sindh - Climate A subtropical region, Sindh is hot in the summer and cold in winter. Temperatures frequently rise above 46 C (115 F ) between May and August, and the minimum average temperature of 2 C (36 F) occurs during December and January. The annual rainfall averages about seven inches, falling mainly during July and August.The southwesterly monsoon wind begins to blow in mid-February and continues until the end of Semptember, whereas the cool northerly wind blows during te winte ...
See also:Sindh, Sindh - Geography, Sindh - Vegetation And Animal Life, Sindh - Climate, Sindh - Demographics and Society, Sindh - History, Sindh - Ancient history, Sindh - Arrival of Arabs, Sindh - British Era, Sindh - After creation of Pakistan, Sindh - Administrative division, Sindh - Economy, Sindh - Education, Sindh - Art and culture, Sindh - Major attractions, Sindh - Personalities Read more here: » Sindh: Encyclopedia II - Sindh - Climate |
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| | | | | Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Sindh - Vegetation And Animal Life Except fot the irrigated Indus Valley, the province is arid and has scant vegetation. The dwarf Palm, Acacia Rupestris (Kher), and Tecoma Undulata (Lohirro) trees are typical of the western hill region. In the central valley, the Acacia Nilotica (Babul) is the most dominant and occurs in thick forests along the Indus banks. The Azadirachta Indica (Neem), Zizyphys vulgaris (Bir), Tamarix Orientalis (Jujuba Lai) and Capparis ...
See also:Sindh, Sindh - Geography, Sindh - Vegetation And Animal Life, Sindh - Climate, Sindh - Demographics and Society, Sindh - History, Sindh - Ancient history, Sindh - Arrival of Arabs, Sindh - British Era, Sindh - After creation of Pakistan, Sindh - Administrative division, Sindh - Economy, Sindh - Education, Sindh - Art and culture, Sindh - Major attractions, Sindh - Personalities Read more here: » Sindh: Encyclopedia II - Sindh - Vegetation And Animal Life |
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| | | | | Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Durrani Empire - Reign of Zaman Shah 1793-1801 After the death of Timur Shah, the three strongest contenders for the position of shah were Timur's sons, the governors of Kandahar, Herat, and Kabul. Zaman Shah, governor of Kabul, was in the most commanding position and became shah at the age of twenty-three. His half-brothers accepted this only by force majeure--upon being imprisoned on their arrival in the capital for the purpose, ironically, of electing a new shah. The quarrels among Timur's descendants that threw Afghanistan into turmoil a ...
See also:Durrani Empire, Durrani Empire - Reign of Ahmad Shah 1747-1772, Durrani Empire - Reign of Timur Shah 1772-1793, Durrani Empire - Reign of Zaman Shah 1793-1801, Durrani Empire - First Reign of Mahmud Shah 1801-1803, Durrani Empire - Reign of Shuja Shah 1803-1809, Durrani Empire - Second Reign of Mahmud Shah 1809-1818, Durrani Empire - Reign of Sultan Ali Shah 1818-1819, Durrani Empire - Reign of Ayub Shah 1819-1823 Read more here: » Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Durrani Empire - Reign of Zaman Shah 1793-1801 |
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| | | | | Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Durrani Empire - Reign of Timur Shah 1772-1793 Timur Shah had 24 sons, several of whom became kings.
Ahmad Shah's successors governed so ineptly during a period of profound unrest that within fifty years of his death, Afghanistan was embroiled in a civil war. Many of the territories conquered with the help of Ahmad Shah's military skill fell to others in this half century. By 1818 the Sadozai rulers who succeeded Ahmad Shah controlled little more than Kabul and the surrounding territory within a 160-kilometer radius. They not only lost the outlying territories but also ...
See also:Durrani Empire, Durrani Empire - Reign of Ahmad Shah 1747-1772, Durrani Empire - Reign of Timur Shah 1772-1793, Durrani Empire - Reign of Zaman Shah 1793-1801, Durrani Empire - First Reign of Mahmud Shah 1801-1803, Durrani Empire - Reign of Shuja Shah 1803-1809, Durrani Empire - Second Reign of Mahmud Shah 1809-1818, Durrani Empire - Reign of Sultan Ali Shah 1818-1819, Durrani Empire - Reign of Ayub Shah 1819-1823 Read more here: » Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Durrani Empire - Reign of Timur Shah 1772-1793 |
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