Édouard Daladier

Aristide Briand (March 28, 1862 – March 7, 1932) was a French statesman. He was born at Nantes, of a bourgeois family. He studied law, and soon went into politics, associating himself with the most advanced movements, writing articles for the anarchist journal Le Peuple, and directing the Lanterne for some time. From this he passed to the Petite République, leaving it to found < ...

Including:

• Aristide Briand - Reference
• Aristide Briand - Briand's first Government 24 July 1909 - 3 November 1910
• Aristide Briand - Briand's second Minister 3 November 1910 - 2 March 1911
• Aristide Briand - Briand's third Government 21 January - 22 March 1913
• Aristide Briand - Briand's fourth Government 29 October 1915 - 12 December 1916
• Aristide Briand - Briand's fifth Government 12 December 1916 - 20 March 1917
• Aristide Briand - Briand's sixth Government 16 January 1921 - 15 January 1922
• Aristide Briand - Briand's seventh Government 28 November 1925 - 9 March 1926
• Aristide Briand - Briand's eighth Government 9 March - 23 June 1926
• Aristide Briand - Briand's Ninth Government 23 June - 19 July 1926
• Aristide Briand - Briand's tenth Government 29 July - 3 November 1929

Read more here: » Aristide Briand: Encyclopedia - Aristide Briand

April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). There are 265 days remaining. April 10 - Events. 1741 - Prussia defeats Austria in the Battle of Mollwitz 1815 - Mount Tambora eruption covers several islands with ash in Indonesia. 1816 - The U.S. government approved the creation of a Second Bank of the United States. 1865 - American Civil War: A day after his surrender to Union forces, Confederate General R ...

Including:

• April 10 - Events
• April 10 - Births
• April 10 - Deaths
• April 10 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » April 10: Encyclopedia - April 10

Chamberlain is perhaps the most ill-regarded British Prime Minister of the 20th century, largely because of his policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany regarding the abandonment of Czechoslovakia to Hitler at Munich in 1938. After working in business and local government, and a short spell as Director of National Service in 1916 and 1917, Chamberlain followed his father, Joseph Chamberlain, and older half-brother, Austen Chamberlain, becoming a Member of Parliament in the 1918 general election aged 49. He declined a junior minister ...

See also:

Neville Chamberlain, Neville Chamberlain - Overview, Neville Chamberlain - Early life, Neville Chamberlain - Lord Mayor of Birmingham, Neville Chamberlain - Early ministerial career, Neville Chamberlain - Becoming the heir apparent, Neville Chamberlain - Formation of the National Government, Neville Chamberlain - Return to the Exchequer, Neville Chamberlain - Appointment as Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain - Domestic policy, Neville Chamberlain - Relations with Ireland, Neville Chamberlain - Palestine White Paper, Neville Chamberlain - European policy, Neville Chamberlain - Outbreak of war, Neville Chamberlain - War premiership, Neville Chamberlain - Fall and resignation, Neville Chamberlain - Lord President of the Council and death, Neville Chamberlain - Legacy, Neville Chamberlain - Notes

Read more here: » Neville Chamberlain: Encyclopedia II - Neville Chamberlain - Overview

Brought up within a family of skilled artisans (his father was a draughtsman) Painlevé showed early promise across the range of elementary studies and was initially attracted by either an engineering or political career. However, he finally entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1883 to study mathematics, receiving his doctorate in 1887 following a period of study at Göttingen, Germany with Felix Klein and Hermann Amandus Schwarz. Intending an academic career he became professor at Lisle, returning to Paris in 1892 to teach at the Sorbo ...

See also:

Paul Painlevé, Paul Painlevé - Early life, Paul Painlevé - Mathematical work, Paul Painlevé - First period as French Prime Minister, Paul Painlevé - Second period as French Prime Minister, Paul Painlevé - Later political career, Paul Painlevé - Painlevé's First Government September 12–November 16 1917, Paul Painlevé - Painlevé's Second Ministry April 17–October 29 1925, Paul Painlevé - Painlevé's Third Ministry October 29–November 28 1925

Read more here: » Paul Painlevé: Encyclopedia II - Paul Painlevé - Early life

Changes 23 December 1946 - Augustin Laurent succeeds Moutet as Minister of Overseas France. ...

See also:

Léon Blum, Léon Blum - Blum's First Government 4 June 1936 - 22 June 1937, Léon Blum - Blum's Second Ministry 13 March - 10 April 1938, Léon Blum - Blum's Third Government 16 December 1946 - 22 January 1947, Léon Blum - Bibliography

Read more here: » Léon Blum: Encyclopedia II - Léon Blum - Blum's Third Government 16 December 1946 - 22 January 1947

Carpentras was a commercial site used by Greek merchants in ancient times, and retains an impressive Roman triumphal arch and a city gate, the Porte d'Orange. Carpentras has been an important center of French Judaism, and is home to the oldest synagogue in France (1367), which still holds services. In 1992 there was a desecration of the Jewish cemetery. ...

See also:

Carpentras, Carpentras - History, Carpentras - Miscellaneous, Carpentras - Births

Read more here: » Carpentras: Encyclopedia II - Carpentras - History

Reynaud returned to the cabinet in 1938 as Minister of Justice under Édouard Daladier. The Munich crisis, which began not long after Reynaud was named Minister of Justice, again revealed the divide between Reynaud and the rest of the Alliance Démocratique; Reynaud adamantly opposed abandoning the Czechs to the Germans, while Flandin felt that allowing Germany to expand eastward would inevitably lead to a conflict with the Soviets that would weaken both. Reynaud publicly made his case, and in response Flandin pamphleted Paris in order to pr ...

See also:

Paul Reynaud, Paul Reynaud - Early life and politics, Paul Reynaud - Return to government, Paul Reynaud - Prime minister and arrest, Paul Reynaud - Postwar life, Paul Reynaud - Reynaud's Government 21 March - 16 June 1940

Read more here: » Paul Reynaud: Encyclopedia II - Paul Reynaud - Return to government

Main article: Holy Roman Empire. History of Germany - Middle Ages. From 772 to 814 king Charlemagne extended the Carolingian empire into northern Italy and the territories of all west Germanic peoples, including the Saxons and the Bajuwari (Bavarians). In 800 Charlemagne's authority in Western Europe was confirmed by his coronation as emperor in Rome. The Holy Roman Empire was established. The Frankish empire was divided into counties, and its frontiers were protected by border Marches. Imperial strongholds (Kaiserpfalzen) became econo ...

See also:

History of Germany, History of Germany - The Germans and the Romans, History of Germany - Holy Roman Empire, History of Germany - Middle Ages, History of Germany - Reformation and Thirty Years War, History of Germany - End of the Holy Roman Empire, History of Germany - German Confederation, History of Germany - Restoration and Revolution, History of Germany - North German Confederation, History of Germany - German Empire, History of Germany - Age of Bismarck, History of Germany - Wilhelminian Era, History of Germany - Weimar Republic, History of Germany - Third Reich, History of Germany - Nazi revolution or 'Seizure of Power', History of Germany - Expansion and defeat, History of Germany - Germany since 1945

Read more here: » History of Germany: Encyclopedia II - History of Germany - Holy Roman Empire

Given dates for the start and end of the phase may vary somewhat. In France the period from the official declaration of war on Germany on September 3 until the German invasion on the Benelux and France is known as drôle de guerre ("strange war"). This term was coined by the French journalist Roland Dorgelès who was reporting about the military inactivity on the Franco-German front. In Poland, which felt betrayed by her western allies, the term dziwna wojna ("strange war") is used for the period after all offensive operations ...

See also:

Phony War, Phony War - Dates, Phony War - Assault on Finland, Phony War - Invasion of Denmark and Norway, Phony War - The Norway Debate, Phony War - Allied action during the Phony War

Read more here: » Phony War: Encyclopedia II - Phony War - Dates

Auriol was born in Revel, Haute-Garonne on August 27, 1884, the son of a butcher. He earned a law degree at the Collège de Revel in 1904 and began his career as a lawyer in Toulouse. A committed socialist, Auriol co-founded the newspaper Le Midi Socialiste in 1908; he was head of the Association of Journalists in Toulouse at this time. Auriol entered the Chamber of Deputies as a socialist in 1914 as a representative for Muret; a year later he was elected mayor of Toulouse. After the breakup of the Parti Socialiste Unifé in 1920, Auriol became a founding member of the socialist SFIO party, opposed to the ...

See also:

Vincent Auriol, Vincent Auriol - Early life and politics, Vincent Auriol - Postwar life and presidency

Read more here: » Vincent Auriol: Encyclopedia II - Vincent Auriol - Early life and politics

Despite his resignation as Prime Minister, Chamberlain remained leader of the Conservative Party and retained a great deal of support. Some, such as Rab Butler, would at times toast him as "the King over the water". Although Churchill was pressured by some of his own supporters and some Labour MPs to exclude Chamberlain from the government, he remembered the mistake that Lloyd George made in marginalising Asquith during the First World War and realised the importance of retaining the support of all parties in the Commons. Churchill had first ...

See also:

Neville Chamberlain, Neville Chamberlain - Overview, Neville Chamberlain - Early life, Neville Chamberlain - Lord Mayor of Birmingham, Neville Chamberlain - Early ministerial career, Neville Chamberlain - Becoming the heir apparent, Neville Chamberlain - Formation of the National Government, Neville Chamberlain - Return to the Exchequer, Neville Chamberlain - Appointment as Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain - Domestic policy, Neville Chamberlain - Relations with Ireland, Neville Chamberlain - Palestine White Paper, Neville Chamberlain - European policy, Neville Chamberlain - Outbreak of war, Neville Chamberlain - War premiership, Neville Chamberlain - Fall and resignation, Neville Chamberlain - Lord President of the Council and death, Neville Chamberlain - Legacy, Neville Chamberlain - Notes

Read more here: » Neville Chamberlain: Encyclopedia II - Neville Chamberlain - Lord President of the Council and death

Neville Chamberlain remains one of the most controversial politicians in the history of Britain. His policy on Europe has dominated most writings to such an extent that many histories and biographies devote almost all coverage of his premiership to this single area of policy. Written criticism of Chamberlain was given its first early boost in the 1940 instant polemic Guilty Men, which offered a deeply critical view of the politics of the 1930s, most notably the Munich Agreement and steps taken towards rearmament. Together with ...

See also:

Neville Chamberlain, Neville Chamberlain - Overview, Neville Chamberlain - Early life, Neville Chamberlain - Lord Mayor of Birmingham, Neville Chamberlain - Early ministerial career, Neville Chamberlain - Becoming the heir apparent, Neville Chamberlain - Formation of the National Government, Neville Chamberlain - Return to the Exchequer, Neville Chamberlain - Appointment as Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain - Domestic policy, Neville Chamberlain - Relations with Ireland, Neville Chamberlain - Palestine White Paper, Neville Chamberlain - European policy, Neville Chamberlain - Outbreak of war, Neville Chamberlain - War premiership, Neville Chamberlain - Fall and resignation, Neville Chamberlain - Lord President of the Council and death, Neville Chamberlain - Legacy, Neville Chamberlain - Notes

Read more here: » Neville Chamberlain: Encyclopedia II - Neville Chamberlain - Legacy

The Allies' only major military actions during the Phony War were at sea. Notable events among these were the following: In October 1939 the obsolete battleship HMS Royal Oak was sunk in Scapa Flow by the U-boat U-47. In November 1939 German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee was attacked by the cruisers HMS Exeter, HMS Ajax and HMS Achilles in the Battle of the River Plate and trapped in Montevideo harbour where she was scuttled. On April 10, 1940, the mining of Norwe ...

See also:

Phony War, Phony War - Dates, Phony War - Assault on Finland, Phony War - Invasion of Denmark and Norway, Phony War - The Norway Debate, Phony War - Allied action during the Phony War

Read more here: » Phony War: Encyclopedia II - Phony War - Allied action during the Phony War

The debacle of the British campaign in Norway, which actually was an offspring of the never-realised plans to aid Finland, forced a famous debate in the House of Commons during which the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was under constant attack. A nominal vote of confidence in his government was won by 281 to 200, but many of Chamberlain's supporters had voted against him whilst others had abstained. The humiliated Chamberlain found it impossible to continue to lead a National Government or to form a government of national unity ( ...

See also:

Phony War, Phony War - Dates, Phony War - Assault on Finland, Phony War - Invasion of Denmark and Norway, Phony War - The Norway Debate, Phony War - Allied action during the Phony War

Read more here: » Phony War: Encyclopedia II - Phony War - The Norway Debate

Painlevé took his aviation interests, along with those in naval and military matters, with him when he became, in 1906, Deputy for Paris's Ve arrondissement, the so-called Latin Quarter. By 1910, he had vacated his academic posts and World War I led to his active participation in military committees, joining Aristide Briand's cabinet in 1915 as Minister for Public Instruction and Inventions. On his appointment as War Minister in March 1917 he was immediately called upon to give his approval, albeit with some misgivings, to Robert Geo ...

See also:

Paul Painlevé, Paul Painlevé - Early life, Paul Painlevé - Mathematical work, Paul Painlevé - First period as French Prime Minister, Paul Painlevé - Second period as French Prime Minister, Paul Painlevé - Later political career, Paul Painlevé - Painlevé's First Government September 12–November 16 1917, Paul Painlevé - Painlevé's Second Ministry April 17–October 29 1925, Paul Painlevé - Painlevé's Third Ministry October 29–November 28 1925

Read more here: » Paul Painlevé: Encyclopedia II - Paul Painlevé - First period as French Prime Minister

After the war, Reynaud was made again a member of the Chamber of Deputies in 1946. Reynaud was in several cabinet positions in the postwar period and remained a prominent figure in French politics, although his attempts to form governments in 1952 and 1953 in the turbulent politics of the French Fourth Republic were failures. Reynaud supported the idea of a United States of Europe, along with a number of prominent contemporaries. Reynaud presided over the consultative committee that drafted the constitution of France's (current) Fifth Republ ...

See also:

Paul Reynaud, Paul Reynaud - Early life and politics, Paul Reynaud - Return to government, Paul Reynaud - Prime minister and arrest, Paul Reynaud - Postwar life, Paul Reynaud - Reynaud's Government 21 March - 16 June 1940

Read more here: » Paul Reynaud: Encyclopedia II - Paul Reynaud - Postwar life

After the war, Auriol presided over the constituent assemblies that drafted the constitution of the short-lived French Fourth Republic. He lobbied for a "third force" between the communists and Gaullists. He led the French delegation to the United Nations and was France's first representative on the United Nations Security Council in 1946. The National Assembly voted him the first President of the Fourth Republic on January 16, 1947 by a wide margin, giving Auriol 452 vo ...

See also:

Vincent Auriol, Vincent Auriol - Early life and politics, Vincent Auriol - Postwar life and presidency

Read more here: » Vincent Auriol: Encyclopedia II - Vincent Auriol - Postwar life and presidency

Although Reynaud was increasingly popular, the Chamber of Deputies elected Reynaud premier by only a single vote with most of his own party abstaining; over half of the votes for Reynaud came from the socialist SFIO party. With so much support from the left - and the opposition from many parties on the right - Reynaud's government was especially unstable; many on the Right demanded that Reynaud attack not Germany, but the Soviet Union.[7] The Chamber also ...

See also:

Paul Reynaud, Paul Reynaud - Early life and politics, Paul Reynaud - Return to government, Paul Reynaud - Prime minister and arrest, Paul Reynaud - Postwar life, Paul Reynaud - Reynaud's Government 21 March - 16 June 1940

Read more here: » Paul Reynaud: Encyclopedia II - Paul Reynaud - Prime minister and arrest

Reynaud was born in Barcelonnette, France. His father had made a fortune in the textile industry, enabling Reynaud to study law at the Sorbonne. Reynaud was elected to the French Chamber of Deputies from 1919 to 1924, representing Basses-Alpes, and again from 1928, representing a Paris district. Although he was first elected as part of the conservative "Blue Horizon" bloc in 1919, Reynaud shortly thereafter switched his allegiance to the center-right Alliance Démocratique part ...

See also:

Paul Reynaud, Paul Reynaud - Early life and politics, Paul Reynaud - Return to government, Paul Reynaud - Prime minister and arrest, Paul Reynaud - Postwar life, Paul Reynaud - Reynaud's Government 21 March - 16 June 1940

Read more here: » Paul Reynaud: Encyclopedia II - Paul Reynaud - Early life and politics

Following the debacle of the British expedition to Norway, Chamberlain found himself under siege in the House of Commons. During the Norway Debate of May 7, Leo Amery – who had been one of Chamberlain's personal friends – delivered a devastating indictment of Chamberlain's conduct of the war. In concluding his speech, he quoted the words of Oliver Cromwell to the Long Parliament: You have sat too long here for any good you have been doing. Depart, I ...

See also:

Neville Chamberlain, Neville Chamberlain - Overview, Neville Chamberlain - Early life, Neville Chamberlain - Lord Mayor of Birmingham, Neville Chamberlain - Early ministerial career, Neville Chamberlain - Becoming the heir apparent, Neville Chamberlain - Formation of the National Government, Neville Chamberlain - Return to the Exchequer, Neville Chamberlain - Appointment as Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain - Domestic policy, Neville Chamberlain - Relations with Ireland, Neville Chamberlain - Palestine White Paper, Neville Chamberlain - European policy, Neville Chamberlain - Outbreak of war, Neville Chamberlain - War premiership, Neville Chamberlain - Fall and resignation, Neville Chamberlain - Lord President of the Council and death, Neville Chamberlain - Legacy, Neville Chamberlain - Notes

Read more here: » Neville Chamberlain: Encyclopedia II - Neville Chamberlain - Fall and resignation