Doctors' plot

Some people think that the scenario of the "Doctors' plot" was reminiscent of the previous Stalin purges of the late 1930s, and the plan to deport the whole population based on its ethnicity resembled previous similar deportations. Accordingly, some argue that Stalin was preparing a USSR-wide pogrom, the "Second Holocaust", to finish what Hitler had begun, but this time, the scheme was not completed because of Stalin's death on March 5, 1953. Proponents of this version cite mainly the memoirs (sometimes only alleged) and late testimon ...

See also:

Doctors' plot, Doctors' plot - Background, Doctors' plot - An article in Pravda, Doctors' plot - Arrests, Doctors' plot - Stalin's death and the consequences, Doctors' plot - The Second Holocaust controversy

Read more here: » Doctors' plot: Encyclopedia II - Doctors' plot - The Second Holocaust controversy

On March 29, 1983, the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union has approved the resolution 101/62ГС to "Support the proposition of the Department of Propaganda of the Central Committee and the KGB USSR about the creation of the Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public..." (AZCSP, Russian language: Антисионистский комитет советской общественности, АКСО). Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public - From the ...

Including:

• Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public - From the Soviet Leadership
• Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public - Background and history
• Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public - List of members
• Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public - Reference

Read more here: » Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public: Encyclopedia - Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public

Pravda - The Vienna Pravda. The original Pravda was founded by Leon Trotsky as a Russian social democratic newspaper aimed at Russian workers. The paper was published abroad to avoid censorship and was smuggled into Russia. The first issue was published in Vienna, Austria on October 3, 1908. The editorial staff consisted of Trotsky and, at various times, Victor Kopp, Adolf Joffe and Matvey Skobelev. The last two had wealthy parents an ...

See also:

Pravda, Pravda - Origins, Pravda - The Vienna Pravda, Pravda - The St. Petersburg Pravda, Pravda - The Soviet period, Pravda - The post-Soviet period, Pravda - Pravda in arts, Pravda - Notes

Read more here: » Pravda: Encyclopedia II - Pravda - Origins

By 1983, the Soviet regime needed a new propaganda weapon in the Cold War, as well as against increasingly active internal dissident movement, to arrest or discredit the mass emigration of Soviet Jews and to alleviate the Arab concerns about its effects to Israel's demographics. By dramatic step-up of "anti-Zionist" activities, the AZSCP was designed to solve these problems. The ethnic Jews made its core. Using Jews to destroy Jewish culture and institutions was a proven tactics to avoid accusations of anti-Semitism. (See, for example ...

See also:

Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public, Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public - From the Soviet Leadership, Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public - Background and history, Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public - List of members, Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public - Reference

Read more here: » Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public: Encyclopedia II - Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public - Background and history

In 1967, during the time leading up to and during the Six Day War, the Polish public was generally sympathetic towards Israel. A popular joke of that era based on the knowledge that a significant percent of the Jews living in Israel were emigrants from Poland stated "The Polish Jews won [the war] with the Russian Arabs" (Polscy Żydzi wygrali z ruskimi arabami). This contrasted with the party line in the Soviet Union, which had begun to attack Zionism and Israel and had switched their allegiance to the Arab states. Władysław Gomułk ...

See also:

Polish 1968 political crisis, Polish 1968 political crisis - Background, Polish 1968 political crisis - Persecution and the March 1968 Events, Polish 1968 political crisis - Official reaction in Poland

Read more here: » Polish 1968 political crisis: Encyclopedia II - Polish 1968 political crisis - Background

Political Zionism was officially stamped out for the entire history of the Soviet Union as a form of bourgeois nationalism. Although Leninism emphasizes self-determination, this did not make the state more accepting of Zionism. Leninism defines self-determination by territory, not culture, which allowed Soviet minorities to have separate oblasts, autonomous regions, or republics, which were nonetheless symbolic until its later years. Jews, however, did not fit such a theoretical model; Jews in the Diaspora did not even have an agricultural b ...

See also:

Soviet Union and the Arab-Israeli conflict, Soviet Union and the Arab-Israeli conflict - Marxism-Leninism and Zionism, Soviet Union and the Arab-Israeli conflict - Establishment of the State of Israel, Soviet Union and the Arab-Israeli conflict - Effects of the Cold War, Soviet Union and the Arab-Israeli conflict - Post Cold War

Read more here: » Soviet Union and the Arab-Israeli conflict: Encyclopedia II - Soviet Union and the Arab-Israeli conflict - Marxism-Leninism and Zionism

Born Iosif Solomonovich Grossman in Berdichev, Ukraine into an emancipated Jewish family, he did not receive a traditional Jewish education, and knew only a few Yiddish words. A Russian nanny turned his name Yossya into Russian Vasya (a diminutive of Vasily), which was accepted by the whole family. His father had social-democratic convictions and joined the Mensheviks. Young Vasily Grossman idealistica ...

See also:

Vasily Grossman, Vasily Grossman - Biography, Vasily Grossman - Quotes, Vasily Grossman - Publications, Vasily Grossman - Footnotes

Read more here: » Vasily Grossman: Encyclopedia II - Vasily Grossman - Biography

Solomon Mikhoels, the popular actor and director of the Moscow State Jewish Theater, was appointed the JAC chairman. The JAC's newspaper in Yiddish language was called Einigkeit ("Unity", Cyrillic: Эйникейт). The JAC broadcasted pro-Soviet propaganda to foreign audiences, assuring them of the absence of anti-Semitism in the USSR. In 1943, Mikhoels and Itzik Feffer, the first official representatives of the Soviet Jewry allowed to visit the West, embarked on a seven-month tour to the USA, Mexico, Canada and Britai ...

See also:

Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee - Activities, Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee - Persecution, Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee - List of notable JAC members

Read more here: » Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee: Encyclopedia II - Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee - Activities

In 1967, during the time leading up to and during the Six Day War, the Polish public was generally sympathetic towards Israel. This contrasted with the party line in the Soviet Union, which had begun to attack Zionism and Israel and had switched their allegiance to the Arab states. Władysław Gomułka and the Polish leadership saw an opportunity to both please Moscow by moving against pro-Israeli sentiment, and to bolster Gomułka's own government by using a ...

See also:

Polish 1968 political crisis, Polish 1968 political crisis - Background, Polish 1968 political crisis - Persecution and the March 1968 Events, Polish 1968 political crisis - Official reaction in Poland

Read more here: » Polish 1968 political crisis: Encyclopedia II - Polish 1968 political crisis - Background

Towards the end and immediately after World War II, the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAC) grew increasingly influential to the post-Holocaust Soviet Jewry, and was accepted as its representative in the West. As its activities sometimes contradicted official Soviet policies (see Black Book), it became a nuisance to Stalin's absolute power. The CPSU Central Committee auditing commission concluded that instead of focusing its attention on the "struggle against forces of international reaction", the JAC continued the line of the Bund — a dan ...

See also:

Rootless cosmopolitan, Rootless cosmopolitan - Background, Rootless cosmopolitan - About one antipatriotic group of theater critics

Read more here: » Rootless cosmopolitan: Encyclopedia II - Rootless cosmopolitan - Background

Towards the end and immediately after the war, the JAC got involved in documenting the Holocaust. This ran contrary to the official Soviet policy to present it as atrocities against mere Soviet citizens, not acknowledging the genocide of the Jews. Some of the committee members were vocal supporters of the State of Israel, established in 1948, something that Stalin supported very briefly. Their international contacts especially to the USA at the outset of the Cold War, would eventually make them vuln ...

See also:

Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee - Activities, Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee - Persecution, Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee - List of notable JAC members

Read more here: » Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee: Encyclopedia II - Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee - Persecution

The state-wide campaign was set out by an article appeared in Pravda on January 28, 1949 entitled About one antipatriotic group of theater critics: "unbridled, evil-minded cosmopolitans, profiteers with no roots and no conscience… Grown on rotten yeast of bourgeois cosmopolitanism, decadence and formalism… non-indigenous nationals without a motherland, who poison with stench… our proletarian culture."… "What can A. ...

See also:

Rootless cosmopolitan, Rootless cosmopolitan - Background, Rootless cosmopolitan - About one antipatriotic group of theater critics

Read more here: » Rootless cosmopolitan: Encyclopedia II - Rootless cosmopolitan - About one antipatriotic group of theater critics

A cause célèbre (of which the plural is causes célèbres) is an issue or incident arousing widespread controversy, outside campaigning and/or heated public debate. It is particularly used for famous long-running legal cases. It is a French phrase in common usage in English. In French, cause means a legal case, and célèbre means "famous". The phrase originated with the 37-volume Nouvelles Causes Célèbres, published in 1763, which was a collection of reports of well-known French court dec ...

Including:

• Cause célèbre - A list of people and cases which have been considered causes célèbres
• Cause célèbre - A
• Cause célèbre - B
• Cause célèbre - C
• Cause célèbre - D
• Cause célèbre - E
• Cause célèbre - F
• Cause célèbre - G
• Cause célèbre - H
• Cause célèbre - J
• Cause célèbre - K
• Cause célèbre - L
• Cause célèbre - M
• Cause célèbre - N
• Cause célèbre - O
• Cause célèbre - P
• Cause célèbre - R
• Cause célèbre - S
• Cause célèbre - T
• Cause célèbre - V
• Cause célèbre - W
• Cause célèbre - Y
• Cause célèbre - Z

Read more here: » Cause célèbre: Encyclopedia - Cause célèbre

Anti-Semitism (alternatively spelled antisemitism) is hostility toward or prejudice against Jews as a religious, ethnic, or racial group, which can range from individual hatred to institutionalized, violent persecution. The highly explicit ideology of Adolf Hitler's Nazism was the most extreme example of this phenomenon. Anti-Semitism has historically taken different forms: Religious anti-Semitism, or anti-Judaism. Before the 19th century, most anti-Semitism was primarily religious in nature, based on Christian or ...

Including:

• Anti-Semitism - Etymology and usage
• Anti-Semitism - Definitions of the term
• Anti-Semitism - Earliest Antisemitism
• Anti-Semitism - Religious Antisemitism
• Anti-Semitism - Anti-Judaism in the New Testament
• Anti-Semitism - Early Christianity
• Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitism in the Middle Ages
• Anti-Semitism - Disabilities and Restrictions
• Anti-Semitism - The Crusades
• Anti-Semitism - The expulsions from England France Germany and Spain
• Anti-Semitism - Anti-Judaism and the Reformation
• Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitism in 19th and 20th century Catholicism
• Anti-Semitism - Passion plays
• Anti-Semitism - Racial anti-Semitism
• Anti-Semitism - The rise of racial anti-Semitism
• Anti-Semitism - Elites and the use of Anti-semitism
• Anti-Semitism - Dreyfus Affair
• Anti-Semitism - Pogroms
• Anti-Semitism - Anti-Jewish Legislation
• Anti-Semitism - The Holocaust and Holocaust Denial
• Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitic conspiracy theories
• Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitism and the Muslim world
• Anti-Semitism - Anti-semitism and specific countries
• Anti-Semitism - United States
• Anti-Semitism - Europe
• Anti-Semitism - Asia
• Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitism and anti-Zionism
• Anti-Semitism - New anti-Semitism
• Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitism in the 21st century

Read more here: » Anti-Semitism: Encyclopedia - Anti-Semitism

Anti-Zionism is a term used to describe several different political and religious points of view. Anti-Zionist positions have in common some form of opposition to Zionism, but their diversity in terms of motivation and expression is so great that anti-Zionism cannot be seen as a single phenomenon. This article examines opposition to Zionism both historically and as it currently exists. Zionism is variously defined as a Jewish national liberation movement that holds that a Jewish nation has existed for thousands of ...

Including:

• Anti-Zionism - Defining anti-Zionism
• Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism dictionary definitions
• Anti-Zionism - Types of anti-Zionism
• Anti-Zionism - Jewish anti-Zionism
• Anti-Zionism - Arab anti-Zionism
• Anti-Zionism - Islamist anti-Zionism
• Anti-Zionism - Western anti-Zionism
• Anti-Zionism - Soviet anti-Zionism
• Anti-Zionism - International anti-Zionism
• Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Anti-Semitism
• Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Post-Zionism

Read more here: » Anti-Zionism: Encyclopedia - Anti-Zionism

Zionism maintains that the Jewish people constitute a nation and are entitled to a national homeland. Its focus is on governing the Land of Israel or Zion (a synecdoche for the Land of Israel). Jewish people have historically understood themselves to be part of a nation distinct from the non-Jewish nations. Like most nations, offspring of members are likewise considered members. However, common ancestry is not required and new members are admitted based upon prescribed criteria. None of the criteria incl ...

Including:

• Zionism and racism - History
• Zionism and racism - The demographic change
• Zionism and racism - Zionism and Israel
• Zionism and racism - Discrimination
• Zionism and racism - Viewed as anti-Semitism
• Zionism and racism - Soviet influence
• Zionism and racism - UN Resolution 3379

Read more here: » Zionism and racism: Encyclopedia - Zionism and racism

On August 22, 1991, a decree by Russian President Boris Yeltsin shut down the Communist Party and seized all of its property, including Pravda. Its team of journalists did not struggle for their newspaper or for its history. Instead, they registered a new paper with the same title just weeks after that. A few months later, the then-editor Gennady Seleznyov (now a member of the Duma) sold Pravda to a family of Greek entrepreneurs, the Yannikoses. The next editor-in-chief, Alexander Ilyin, handed Pravda's trademark — the Order of Lenin medals — and the new ...

See also:

Pravda, Pravda - Origins, Pravda - The Vienna Pravda, Pravda - The St. Petersburg Pravda, Pravda - The Soviet period, Pravda - The post-Soviet period, Pravda - Pravda in arts, Pravda - Notes

Read more here: » Pravda: Encyclopedia II - Pravda - The post-Soviet period

The offices of the newspaper were transferred to Moscow on March 3, 1918. Pravda became an official publication, or "organ", of the Soviet Communist Party. Pravda became the conduit for announcing official policy and policy changes. It would remain so until 1991. Other newspapers existed as organs of other state bodies. For example, Izvestia — which covered foreign relations — was the organ of the Supreme Soviet, Trud was the organ of the trade union movement, Komsomolskaya Pravda was the organ of the Komsomol organisation, and Pionerskaya ...

See also:

Pravda, Pravda - Origins, Pravda - The Vienna Pravda, Pravda - The St. Petersburg Pravda, Pravda - The Soviet period, Pravda - The post-Soviet period, Pravda - Pravda in arts, Pravda - Notes

Read more here: » Pravda: Encyclopedia II - Pravda - The Soviet period

Dariusz Stola of the Institute of Political Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, called the events that followed in 1967 and 1968 as an anti-Semitic "massive hate campaign," clearly aimed at Polish Jews, despite the use of the word Zionists: The term “anti-Zionist campaign” is misleading in two ways, since the campaign began as an anti-Israeli policy but quickly turned into an anti-Jewish campaign, and this evident anti-Jewish character remained its distinctive feature. Firstly, the words Zionism and Zionist, were a substitute and code-name for “Jew” and “Jewish.” Secon ...

See also:

Polish 1968 political crisis, Polish 1968 political crisis - Background, Polish 1968 political crisis - Persecution and the March 1968 Events, Polish 1968 political crisis - Official reaction in Poland

Read more here: » Polish 1968 political crisis: Encyclopedia II - Polish 1968 political crisis - Persecution and the March 1968 Events

By the end of 1948 the USSR switched sides in the Arab-Israeli conflict and throughout the course of the Cold War unequivocally supported various Arab regimes against Israel. The official position of the Soviet Union and its satellite states and agencies was that Zionism was a tool used by the Jews and Americans for "racist imperialism". The meaning of the term Zionism was misrepresented to conform to a policy of the ruling Communist Party of the Soviet Union: "the main posits of modern Zionism are militant chauvinism, racism, anti-Co ...

See also:

Soviet Union and the Arab-Israeli conflict, Soviet Union and the Arab-Israeli conflict - Marxism-Leninism and Zionism, Soviet Union and the Arab-Israeli conflict - Establishment of the State of Israel, Soviet Union and the Arab-Israeli conflict - Effects of the Cold War, Soviet Union and the Arab-Israeli conflict - Post Cold War

Read more here: » Soviet Union and the Arab-Israeli conflict: Encyclopedia II - Soviet Union and the Arab-Israeli conflict - Effects of the Cold War