DNS

Domain name disputes are typically resolved using the Uniform Domain Name Resolution Policy (UDRP) process developed by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). Critics claim that the UDRP process favors large corporations and that their decisions often go beyond the rules and intent of the dispute resolution policy. Court systems can also be used to sort out claims of cybersquatting, but jurisdiction is often a problem, as different courts have ruled that the proper location for a trial is that of the complain ...

See also:

Cybersquatting, Cybersquatting - Legal resolution

Read more here: » Cybersquatting: Encyclopedia II - Cybersquatting - Legal resolution

In computer science, the Actor model, first published in 1973 (Hewitt et al. 1973), is a mathematical model of concurrent computation. The Actor model treats “Actors” as the universal primitives of concurrent digital computation: in response to a message that it receives, an Actor can make local decisions, create more Actors, send more messages, and determine how to respond to the next message received. The Actor model has been used both as a framework within which to develop a theor ...

Including:

• Actor model - History
• Actor model - Fundamental concepts
• Actor model - Formal systems
• Actor model - Applications
• Actor model - Models prior to the Actor model
• Actor model - Lambda calculus
• Actor model - Simula
• Actor model - Smalltalk
• Actor model - Petri nets
• Actor model - Message Passing Semantics
• Actor model - The unbounded nondeterminism controversy
• Actor model - Direct communication and asynchrony
• Actor model - Actor creation plus addresses in messages means variable topology
• Actor model - Inherently concurrent
• Actor model - No requirement on order of message arrival
• Actor model - Not sequentiality not buffering not synchrony and not fixed topology
• Actor model - Locality
• Actor model - Compositionality
• Actor model - Behaviors
• Actor model - Relationship to mathematical logic
• Actor model - Migration
• Actor model - Security
• Actor model - Synthesizing addresses of Actors
• Actor model - Why is the Actor model important now?
• Actor model - Actor researchers

Read more here: » Actor model: Encyclopedia - Actor model

A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a top-level domain used and reserved for a country or a dependent territory. These are two letters long, and most of them correspond to the ISO 3166-1 standard for country codes. Country code top-level domain - General information. There are over 243 ccTLDs; see the list of Internet TLDs and IANA's list of ccTLDs. Most ccTLDs correspond to the two-letter ISO 3166-1 country codes, but there are several differences, explained below. Each country appoints manag ...

Including:

• Country code top-level domain - General information
• Country code top-level domain - ISO 3166-1 codes not used as ccTLDs
• Country code top-level domain - ccTLDs not in ISO 3166-1
• Country code top-level domain - Unconventional ccTLD usage
• Country code top-level domain - Historical ccTLDs

Read more here: » Country code top-level domain: Encyclopedia - Country code top-level domain

In cryptography, X.509 is an ITU-T standard for public key infrastructure (PKI). X.509 specifies, amongst other things, standard formats for public key certificates and a certification path validation algorithm. X.509 - History and usage. X.509 was initially issued in 1988 and was begun in association with the X.500 standard and assumed a strict hierarchical system of certificate authorities (CAs) for issuing the certificates. This contrasts with web of trust models, like PGP, where anyone (not just special ...

Including:

• X.509 - History and usage
• X.509 - Certificates
• X.509 - Structure of a certificate
• X.509 - Certificate file extensions
• X.509 - Sample X.509 certificates
• X.509 - Security
• X.509 - Certificate authorities

Read more here: » X.509: Encyclopedia - X.509

Windows 2000 (also referred to as Win2K, W2K or Windows NT 5.0) is a preemptible and interruptible, graphical, business-oriented operating system that was designed to work with either uniprocessor or symmetric multi-processor (SMP) 32-bit Intel x86 computers. It is part of the Microsoft Windows NT line of operating systems and was released on February 17, 2000. Windows 2000 comes in four versions: Professional, Server, Advanced Server, and Datacenter Server. Additionally, Microsoft offers Windows 2000 Advanced Ser ...

Including:

• Windows 2000 - History
• Windows 2000 - Architecture
• Windows 2000 - User mode
• Windows 2000 - Kernel mode
• Windows 2000 - Common functionality
• Windows 2000 - NTFS 5
• Windows 2000 - Encrypting File System
• Windows 2000 - Basic and dynamic disk storage
• Windows 2000 - Accessibility support
• Windows 2000 - Language & locale support
• Windows 2000 - System utilities
• Windows 2000 - Recovery Console
• Windows 2000 - Server family functionality
• Windows 2000 - Distributed File System
• Windows 2000 - Active Directory
• Windows 2000 - Volume fault tolerance
• Windows 2000 - Versions
• Windows 2000 - Deployment
• Windows 2000 - Total cost of ownership
• Windows 2000 - Notes

Read more here: » Windows 2000: Encyclopedia - Windows 2000

Active Directory (codename Cascade) is an implementation of LDAP directory services by Microsoft for use in Windows environments. Active Directory allows administrators to assign enterprise wide policies, deploy programs to many computers, and apply critical updates to an entire organization. An Active Directory stores information and settings relating to an organization in a central, organized, accessible database. Active Directory networks can vary from a small installation with a few hundred obj ...

Including:

• Active Directory - Structure
• Active Directory - Objects
• Active Directory - Forests Trees and Domains
• Active Directory - Physical structure and Replication
• Active Directory - Naming
• Active Directory - Trust
• Active Directory - Trusts in Windows 2000 native mode
• Active Directory - Notes

Read more here: » Active Directory: Encyclopedia - Active Directory

A web crawler (also known as a web spider or ant) is a program which browses the World Wide Web in a methodical, automated manner. Web crawlers are mainly used to create a copy of all the visited pages for later processing by a search engine, that will index the downloaded pages to provide fast searches. A web crawler is one type of bot, or software agent. In general, it starts with a list of URLs to visit. As it visits these URLs, it identifies all the hyperlinks in the page and adds them to the list of URLs to v ...

Including:

• Web crawler - Crawling policies
• Web crawler - Selection policy
• Web crawler - Re-visit policy
• Web crawler - Politeness policy
• Web crawler - Parallelization policy
• Web crawler - Web crawler architectures
• Web crawler - Examples of web crawlers

Read more here: » Web crawler: Encyclopedia - Web crawler

In computer science, a cache (pronounced kăsh) is a collection of data duplicating original values stored elsewhere or computed earlier, where the original data is expensive (usually in terms of access time) to fetch or compute relative to reading the cache. Once the data is stored in the cache, future use can be made by accessing the cached copy rather than refetching or recomputing the original dat ...

Including:

• Cache - Operation
• Cache - Applications
• Cache - CPU caches
• Cache - Disk buffer
• Cache - Other cache

Read more here: » Cache: Encyclopedia - Cache

.info is a generic top-level domain intended for informative websites, although its use is not restricted. It was a part of ICANN's highly publicized announcement, in late 2000, of a phased release of seven new generic top-level domains (gTLDs). The event was billed as the first addition of major gTLDs to the Internet since the DNS was developed in the 1980s. The seven new gTLDs, selected from over 180 proposals, were meant in part to take t ...

Read more here: » .info: Encyclopedia - .info

.eg is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Egypt. Any entity who wants to register a domain name ending with .eg must have a local representative or the domain name has to be hosted on Egyptian DNS servers. Other related archivesDNS, Egypt, country code top-level domain

Read more here: » .eg: Encyclopedia - .eg

Acronyms and initialisms are abbreviations such as NATO, laser, or DNA, written as the initial letter or letters of words, and pronounced based on this abbreviated written form. Of the two words, acronym is the much more frequently used and known, and many dictionaries, speakers and writers refer to all abbreviations formed from initial letters as acronyms. However, some still differentiate between acronyms and initialisms: an acronym was originally a pronounceable word formed from the initial ...

Including:

• Acronym and initialism - History
• Acronym and initialism - Written usage
• Acronym and initialism - Nomenclature
• Acronym and initialism - Examples
• Acronym and initialism - Trivia

Read more here: » Acronym and initialism: Encyclopedia - Acronym and initialism

BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain, previously: Berkeley Internet Name Daemon) is the most commonly used DNS server on the Internet, especially on Unix-like systems, where it is a de facto standard. Supported by Internet Systems Consortium, it was originally created by Paul Vixie in 1988 while working for DEC. A new version of BIND (BIND 9) was written from scratch in part to address the architectural difficulties with auditing the earlier BIND code bases, and also to support DNSSEC (DNS Security Extension ...

Including:

• BIND - Criticisms

Read more here: » BIND: Encyclopedia - BIND

The Internet, or simply the Net (and often erroneously synonymous with World Wide Web), is the publicly accessible worldwide system of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using a standardized Internet Protocol (IP) and many other protocols. It is made up of thousands of smaller commercial, academic, domestic and government networks. It carries various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, and the interlinked web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web. Including:

• Internet - Creation of the Internet
• Internet - Today's Internet
• Internet - Internet culture
• Internet - ICANN
• Internet - The World Wide Web
• Internet - Remote access
• Internet - Collaboration
• Internet - File-sharing
• Internet - Streaming media and VoIP
• Internet - Language
• Internet - Cultural awareness
• Internet - Internet and the workplace
• Internet - Censorship
• Internet - Internet access
• Internet - Capitalization conventions
• Internet - Leisure
• Internet - A complex system
• Internet - Marketing
• Internet - Criticism
• Internet - Significant Internet events
• Internet - First times
• Internet - Malfunctions and attacks

Read more here: » Internet: Encyclopedia - Internet

Bogdanov Affair - Thesis reports. The following are excerpts from the 15 Thesis Reports of Igor and Grichka Bogdanov: Roman Jackiw, from MIT: "The author proposes a novel, speculative solution to the problem of the pre-Big-Bang initial singularity ... the thesis and the published papers provide an excellent introduction to these ideas, and can serve as a useful springboard for further research in this area". Costas Kounnas, from ENS Paris: "I found this work very interesting, with many new ideas about quantum gravity ... ...

See also:

Bogdanov Affair, Bogdanov Affair - Origin of the affair, Bogdanov Affair - Reports and comments from scientists, Bogdanov Affair - Thesis reports, Bogdanov Affair - Published papers, Bogdanov Affair - Criticism of the papers, Bogdanov Affair - Implications for the peer-review system, Bogdanov Affair - Internet discussions, Bogdanov Affair - The HKU confusion, Bogdanov Affair - Media involvement, Bogdanov Affair - Follow ups to the Bogdanovs' work, Bogdanov Affair - Comparisons with the Sokal Affair

Read more here: » Bogdanov Affair: Encyclopedia II - Bogdanov Affair - Reports and comments from scientists

See Also: U.S. Presidential Election Iraq timeline Afghanistan timeline September 2003 California recall Hutton Inquiry Liberian crisis North Korea crisis Road map for peace Same-sex marriage SCO vs IBM War on Terrorism September 2003 - September 30 2003. Air France and KLM are completing their merger. Alitalia could be a part of the new big airline. [1] E ...

See also:

September 2003, September 2003 - Events, September 2003 - September 30 2003, September 2003 - September 29 2003, September 2003 - September 28 2003, September 2003 - September 27 2003, September 2003 - September 26 2003, September 2003 - September 25 2003, September 2003 - September 24 2003, September 2003 - September 23 2003, September 2003 - September 22 2003, September 2003 - September 21 2003, September 2003 - September 20 2003, September 2003 - September 19 2003, September 2003 - September 18 2003, September 2003 - September 17 2003, September 2003 - September 16 2003, September 2003 - September 15 2003, September 2003 - September 14 2003, September 2003 - September 13 2003, September 2003 - September 12 2003, September 2003 - September 11 2003, September 2003 - September 10 2003, September 2003 - September 9 2003, September 2003 - September 8 2003, September 2003 - September 7 2003, September 2003 - September 6 2003, September 2003 - September 5 2003, September 2003 - September 4 2003, September 2003 - September 3 2003, September 2003 - September 2 2003, September 2003 - Events by month

Read more here: » September 2003: Encyclopedia II - September 2003 - Events

Spyware rarely comes alone: an affected computer can rapidly become infected with large numbers of spyware components. Users frequently notice unwanted behavior and degradation of system performance. A spyware infestation can create significant unwanted CPU activity, disk usage, and network traffic — slowing down legitimate uses of these resources. Stability issues — application or system crashes — are also common. Spyware which interferes with the networking software commo ...

See also:

Spyware, Spyware - History and development, Spyware - Spyware adware and tracking, Spyware - Routes of infection, Spyware - Effects and behaviors, Spyware - Advertisements, Spyware - Stealware and affiliate fraud, Spyware - Identity theft and fraud, Spyware - Digital rights management, Spyware - Spyware and cookies, Spyware - Typical examples of spyware, Spyware - User consent and legality, Spyware - Remedies and prevention, Spyware - Anti-spyware programs, Spyware - Security practices, Spyware - Notable programs distributed with spyware, Spyware - Notable programs formerly distributed with spyware

Read more here: » Spyware: Encyclopedia II - Spyware - Effects and behaviors

If a machine receives a Distributed Denial of Service attack from a botnet, few choices exist. Given the general geographic dispersal of botnets, it becomes difficult to identify a pattern of offending machines, and the sheer volume of IP addresses does not lend itself to the filtering of individual cases. Passive OS Fingerprinting can identify attacks originating from a botnet: network administrators can configure newer firewall equipment to take action on a botnet attack by using inform ...

See also:

Botnet, Botnet - Purpose, Botnet - Organization, Botnet - Types of attacks, Botnet - Preventive measures

Read more here: » Botnet: Encyclopedia II - Botnet - Preventive measures

AppleTalk - AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol. AARP resolves AppleTalk addresses to physical layer, usually MAC, addresses. It is functionally equivalent to ARP. AARP is a fairly simple system. When powered on, an AppleTalk machine broadcasts an AARP probe packet asking for a network address, intending to hear back from controllers such as routers. If no address is provided, one is picked at random from the "base subnet", 0. It then broadcasts another packet saying "I am selecting this address", ...

See also:

AppleTalk, AppleTalk - Design, AppleTalk - Addressing, AppleTalk - Protocols, AppleTalk - AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol, AppleTalk - AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol, AppleTalk - Apple Filing Protocol, AppleTalk - AppleTalk Session Protocol, AppleTalk - AppleTalk Transaction Protocol, AppleTalk - Datagram Delivery Protocol, AppleTalk - Name Binding Protocol, AppleTalk - Printer Access Protocol, AppleTalk - Routing Table Maintenance Protocol, AppleTalk - Zone Information Protocol, AppleTalk - Physical Implementation, AppleTalk - Networking Model, AppleTalk - Cross Platform Solutions

Read more here: » AppleTalk: Encyclopedia II - AppleTalk - Protocols

IPv6 - 128-bit length. The primary change from IPv4 to IPv6 is the length of network addresses. IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long (as defined by RFC 2373 and RFC 2374). IPv6 addresses are typically composed of two logical parts: a 64-bit network prefix, and a 64-bit host part, which is either automatically generated from the interface's MAC address or assigned sequentially. IPv6 - Notation. IPv6 addresses are normally written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits. For example, 2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:73 ...

See also:

IPv6, IPv6 - Features of IPv6, IPv6 - Larger address space, IPv6 - Stateless autoconfiguration of hosts, IPv6 - Multicast, IPv6 - Jumbograms, IPv6 - Faster routing, IPv6 - Network-layer security, IPv6 - Addressing, IPv6 - 128-bit length, IPv6 - Notation, IPv6 - Network notation, IPv6 - Special addresses, IPv6 - IPv6 packet, IPv6 - IPv6 and the Domain Name System, IPv6 - IPv6 deployment, IPv6 - Transition mechanisms, IPv6 - Dual stack, IPv6 - Tunnelling, IPv6 - Proxying and translation, IPv6 - Major IPv6 announcements, IPv6 - Related IETF working groups

Read more here: » IPv6: Encyclopedia II - IPv6 - Addressing

To operate a DNSBL requires three things: a domain to host it under, a nameserver for that domain, and a list of addresses to publish. It is possible to serve a DNSBL using BIND, the popular DNS software. However, BIND is inefficient for zones containing large numbers of addresses, particularly DNSBLs which list entire Classless Inter-Domain Routing netblocks. DNSBL-specific software—such as Michael J. Tokarev's rbldnsd or Daniel J. Bernstein's rbldns—is faster, uses less memory, and is easier to configure than the general-purpose ...

See also:

DNSBL, DNSBL - History of DNSBLs, DNSBL - DNSBL Operation, DNSBL - DNSBL Queries, DNSBL - DNSBL Policies, DNSBL - Terminology, DNSBL - Criticisms

Read more here: » DNSBL: Encyclopedia II - DNSBL - DNSBL Operation