Dmitri Shostakovich

List of Russians - Architects. Vasily Bazhenov (1738-1799) Savva Chevakinsky (1709-between 1774 and 1780) Matvei Kazakov (1738-1812) Andrey Kvasov (1720 - after 1770) Alexander Kokorinov (1725-1772) Konstantin Melnikov (1890-1974) Ivan Fyodorovich Michurin (1700–1763) Alfred Alexandrovich Parland (1842-1920) Bartolomeo Rastrelli (1700-1771) Carlo Rossi (architect) (1775-1849) Andrey Schtakenshneider (1802-1865) ...

See also:

List of Russians, List of Russians - Art, List of Russians - Architects, List of Russians - Artists, List of Russians - Authors, List of Russians - Film directors, List of Russians - Musicians and Composers, List of Russians - Performing Arts, List of Russians - Poets, List of Russians - Cosmonauts, List of Russians - A-N, List of Russians - P-Z, List of Russians - Explorers, List of Russians - Inventors, List of Russians - Humanities and Social sciences, List of Russians - Philology and Linguistics, List of Russians - Scientists, List of Russians - A-K, List of Russians - K-M, List of Russians - N-Z, List of Russians - Statesmen and military, List of Russians - Before 1917, List of Russians - After 1917, List of Russians - Military, List of Russians - Sports, List of Russians - Chess, List of Russians - Gymnastics, List of Russians - Tennis, List of Russians - Ice hockey, List of Russians - Weightlifting, List of Russians - Other, List of Russians - Other, List of Russians - Former Soviet Union, List of Russians - By subdivision/nationalities

Read more here: » List of Russians: Encyclopedia II - List of Russians - Art

In some places where there have been relatively high concentrations of Jews, distinct secular Jewish subcultures have arisen. For example, ethnic Jews formed an enormous proportion of the literary and artistic life of Vienna, Austria at the end of the 19th century, or of New York City 50 years later (and Los Angeles in the mid-late 20th century), and for the most part these were not particularly religious people. In general, however, Jewish artist ...

See also:

Secular Jewish culture, Secular Jewish culture - Origins of secular Jewish culture, Secular Jewish culture - Languages, Secular Jewish culture - Politics and morals, Secular Jewish culture - Jewish professions, Secular Jewish culture - Banking & finance, Secular Jewish culture - Medicine science and academia, Secular Jewish culture - Literary and artistic culture, Secular Jewish culture - Literature, Secular Jewish culture - Theatre, Secular Jewish culture - Film, Secular Jewish culture - Radio and Television, Secular Jewish culture - Music, Secular Jewish culture - Dance, Secular Jewish culture - Humor, Secular Jewish culture - Visual arts, Secular Jewish culture - Food

Read more here: » Secular Jewish culture: Encyclopedia II - Secular Jewish culture - Literary and artistic culture

Main article: Modernism Modernism is the name given to a series of movements (See Modernism) arising out of the idea that the 20th century presented a new basis for society and activity, and therefore art should adopt this new basis, however construed, as the fundamental of aesthetics. Modernism took the progressive spirit of the late 19th century, its love of rigor and of technical advancement, and unhinged it from the norms and forms of late 19th century art. To take one example, architect Frank Lloyd Wright did his drafting ...

See also:

20th century classical music, 20th century classical music - Romantic style, 20th century classical music - Modernism, 20th century classical music - The Second Viennese School atonality and serialism, 20th century classical music - Free dissonance and experimentalism, 20th century classical music - Neoclassicism, 20th century classical music - Post-modern music, 20th century classical music - Post-modernity's birth, 20th century classical music - Minimalism, 20th century classical music - Electronic music, 20th century classical music - Jazz-influenced composition, 20th century classical music - Other

Read more here: » 20th century classical music: Encyclopedia II - 20th century classical music - Modernism

The work is only slightly shorter than the Seventh Symphony, and has five movements: Adagio - Allegro non troppo Allegretto Allegro non troppo - Largo - Allegretto The first movement is the longest at almost half an hour. Like the Beethoven symphony, it begins with a dramatic motif played fortissimo in octaves, characterised by David Haas in his study as a "fate" motif:[2] (list ...

See also:

Symphony No. 8 Shostakovich, Symphony No. 8 Shostakovich - Movements, Symphony No. 8 Shostakovich - Reception, Symphony No. 8 Shostakovich - Notes

Read more here: » Symphony No. 8 Shostakovich: Encyclopedia II - Symphony No. 8 Shostakovich - Movements

Works which prominently feature the BACH motif include, in chronological order: 1845 - Robert Schumann: Six Fugues for organ, pedal piano or harmonium, Op. 60 1855 - Franz Liszt: Fantasie und Fuge über das Thema B-A-C-H, for organ (later arranged for piano) 1878 - Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov: Variations on BACH, for piano 1900 - Max Reger: Fantasia and Fugue on B-A-C-H for organ 1910 - Ferruccio Busoni: Fantasia contrappuntistica for piano (first version; later version ...

See also:

BACH motif, BACH motif - Works featuring the mofif, BACH motif - Other signature motifs

Read more here: » BACH motif: Encyclopedia II - BACH motif - Works featuring the mofif

The play concerns the dilemma of Prince Hamlet, whose father, the late King of Denmark, victor over the sled-riding Polish army, died suddenly while Hamlet was away at university. Prior to the opening of the play, the King's brother Claudius had himself proclaimed king, and cemented his claim to the throne by marrying Hamlet's mother Gertrude, the widowed Queen. The play opens on the battlements of Elsinore Castle, seat of the Danish monarchy, where a group of sentries is terrified by the apparition of the recently deceased King Hamle ...

See also:

Hamlet, Hamlet - Texts, Hamlet - Main characters, Hamlet - Plot summary, Hamlet - Sources, Hamlet - Hamlet as a Problem Play, Hamlet - Hamlet as a character, Hamlet - Hamlet in cinema and TV, Hamlet - Straight adaptations, Hamlet - Films that reference Hamlet, Hamlet - Hamlet in music

Read more here: » Hamlet: Encyclopedia II - Hamlet - Plot summary

Until early in the 20th century, there was little music written specifically for the wind band, which led to an extensive repertoire of pieces transcribed from orchestral works, or arranged from other sources. However, as the wind band moved out of the sole domain of the military marching ensemble and into the concert hall, it has gained favor with composers, and now many works are being written specifically for the concert band and the wind ensemble. While today there are composers who write exclusively for band, it is worth noting that man ...

See also:

Concert band, Concert band - Terminology, Concert band - History, Concert band - School band movement, Concert band - Wind ensemble, Concert band - Performing groups, Concert band - Military bands, Concert band - Collegiate bands, Concert band - Professional bands, Concert band - Community bands, Concert band - Modern instrumentation, Concert band - Repertoire, Concert band - Original works, Concert band - Transcriptions, Concert band - Band associations

Read more here: » Concert band: Encyclopedia II - Concert band - Repertoire

The strongest criticism of the book was raised by Laurel Fay in 1980. She found that passages at the beginning of eight of the chapters duplicate almost exactly material from articles published as Shostakovich’s between 1932 and 1974. Critics of the book therefore claim that Volkov persuaded Shostakovich to sign each page containing the composer’s own material, before attaching to it fabricated material of Volkov’s own. Volkov himself has never personally responded to this criticism, but supporters of the book’s authenticity h ...

See also:

Testimony book, Testimony book - Volkov’s claim, Testimony book - Recycled material, Testimony book - Shostakovich and Volkov, Testimony book - Friends’ attitudes, Testimony book - Significance of the debate, Testimony book - Further reading:

Read more here: » Testimony book: Encyclopedia II - Testimony book - Recycled material

The symphony is Shostakovich's longest (approximately one hour and fifteen minutes in length). It is best known for one episode in the first movement, in which a jaunty 18-bar march, accompanied by a repeated rhythm on the snare drum, is repeated twelve times, louder each time, somewhat in the manner of Maurice Ravel's Bolero. The march lasts for eleven minutes and was traditionally viewed as a clear representation of the fascist invaders. Béla Bartók quoted this movement in his Concerto for Orchestra; this has been variously ...

See also:

Symphony No. 7 Shostakovich, Symphony No. 7 Shostakovich - Composition, Symphony No. 7 Shostakovich - Premieres, Symphony No. 7 Shostakovich - Reception, Symphony No. 7 Shostakovich - The music, Symphony No. 7 Shostakovich - Notes

Read more here: » Symphony No. 7 Shostakovich: Encyclopedia II - Symphony No. 7 Shostakovich - The music

Alexander von Zemlinsky - Orchestral Works. Symphony (No. 1) for orchestra (1891, fragment) Symphony No.1 (No. 2) for orchestra (1892/1892) Suite for Orchestra (c.1895) Symphonie No.2 (No. 3) for orchestra (1897) Drei Ballettstücke. Suite from Der Triumph der Zeit for orchestra (1902) Die Seejungfrau (The Little Mermaid) for orchestra (1902/03, premiered in Vienna in 1905) Lyric Symphony for soprano, baritone and orchestra op.18 (after poems by Rabindranath Tagore) (1922/23) Sinfonietta ...

See also:

Alexander von Zemlinsky, Alexander von Zemlinsky - Early Life, Alexander von Zemlinsky - Alma Mahler and in his later career, Alexander von Zemlinsky - Work, Alexander von Zemlinsky - List of selected Works, Alexander von Zemlinsky - Orchestral Works, Alexander von Zemlinsky - Operas, Alexander von Zemlinsky - Other Works for the stage, Alexander von Zemlinsky - Choral Works, Alexander von Zemlinsky - Voices and orchestra, Alexander von Zemlinsky - Songs for voice and piano, Alexander von Zemlinsky - Chamber Music, Alexander von Zemlinsky - Works for piano, Alexander von Zemlinsky - External link

Read more here: » Alexander von Zemlinsky: Encyclopedia II - Alexander von Zemlinsky - List of selected Works

In London, at a time when there were no permanent London orchestras, nor organised series of chamber music concerts, a group of professional musicians formed the Philharmonic Society of London on January 24, 1813. The society's aim was "to promote the performance, in the most perfect manner possible of the best and most approved instrumental music". The first concert on March 8, 1813 was presided over by Johann Peter Salomon, with Muzio Clementi at the piano, and include ...

See also:

Royal Philharmonic Society, Royal Philharmonic Society - History, Royal Philharmonic Society - The Gold Medal, Royal Philharmonic Society - Recipients

Read more here: » Royal Philharmonic Society: Encyclopedia II - Royal Philharmonic Society - History

Among the fairly large repertoire for the standard piano trio (violin, cello, and piano) are the following works: Anton Arensky (1861-1906) Piano Trio #1 in d minor, op. 32 Piano Trio #2 in f minor, op.73 Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) 3 Piano Trios (E-flat major, G major, c minor), op. 1 Piano Trio #4 (arrangement of Septet in E-flat major, op. 20), op. 38 Variations for Piano Trio in E-flat major, op. 44 Piano Trio (arrangement of string qu ...

See also:

Piano trio, Piano trio - Form, Piano trio - The role of the three instruments, Piano trio - Playing piano trios, Piano trio - Piano trio repertoire, Piano trio - External link

Read more here: » Piano trio: Encyclopedia II - Piano trio - Piano trio repertoire

20th century - World leaders. Africa Gnassingbe Eyadema, Togo Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Côte d'Ivoire Kenneth Kaunda, Zambia Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya Idi Amin, Uganda Nelson Mandela, South Africa Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe Gamal Abdal Nasser, Egypt Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana Julius Nyerere, Tanzania Habib Bourguiba, Tunisia Muammar al-Qaddafi, Libya Haile Selassie, Ethiopia Léopold Sédar Sengh ...

See also:

20th century, 20th century - Overview, 20th century - Important developments events and achievements, 20th century - Science and technology, 20th century - Wars and politics, 20th century - Culture and entertainment, 20th century - Disease and medicine, 20th century - Natural resources and the environment, 20th century - Significant people, 20th century - World leaders, 20th century - Scientists, 20th century - Humanities, 20th century - Business, 20th century - Aerospace pioneers, 20th century - Spiritual figures, 20th century - Artists, 20th century - Music, 20th century - Film, 20th century - Writers and poets, 20th century - Sports figures, 20th century - Decades and years

Read more here: » 20th century: Encyclopedia II - 20th century - Significant people

USSR State Prize - 1941. Alexander Dovzhenko: film Shchors (about Nikolay Shchors) Isaak Dunayevsky: Music from the films Circus and Volga-Volga Uzeyir Hajibeyov: Ker oghlu, opera Aram Khachaturian: Violin Concerto Nikolai Myaskovsky: Symphony No. 21 Vsevolod Pudovkin and Mikhail Doller: film Suvorov Yuri Shaporin: On the Field of Kulikovo, cantata Dmitri Shostakovich: Piano Quintet Mikha ...

See also:

USSR State Prize, USSR State Prize - Recipients of the State Stalin Prize in science and engineering by year, USSR State Prize - 1941, USSR State Prize - 1942, USSR State Prize - 1943, USSR State Prize - 1946, USSR State Prize - 1947, USSR State Prize - 1948, USSR State Prize - 1949, USSR State Prize - 1950, USSR State Prize - 1951, USSR State Prize - 1952, USSR State Prize - 1953, USSR State Prize - 1954, USSR State Prize - Recipients of the State Stalin Prize in arts by year, USSR State Prize - 1941, USSR State Prize - 1942, USSR State Prize - 1943, USSR State Prize - 1944, USSR State Prize - 1945, USSR State Prize - 1946, USSR State Prize - 1947, USSR State Prize - 1948, USSR State Prize - 1949, USSR State Prize - 1950, USSR State Prize - 1951, USSR State Prize - 1952, USSR State Prize - Recipients of the USSR State Prize in science and engineering by year, USSR State Prize - 1964, USSR State Prize - 1967, USSR State Prize - 1968, USSR State Prize - 1970, USSR State Prize - 1971, USSR State Prize - 1974, USSR State Prize - 1975, USSR State Prize - 1977, USSR State Prize - 1982, USSR State Prize - 1983, USSR State Prize - 1984, USSR State Prize - 1989, USSR State Prize - Recipients of the USSR State Prize in literature and arts by year

Read more here: » USSR State Prize: Encyclopedia II - USSR State Prize - Recipients of the State Stalin Prize in arts by year

The work is approximately one hour in length, and has three movements: Allegretto, poco moderato - Presto - Tempo 1o Moderato, con moto Largo - Allegro Shostakovich requires an immense orchestra in this work, numbering over a hundred musicians. This, combined with the extreme technical and emotional demands placed on the performers, makes this among his least-performed scores, yet it ranks as one of his most important and personal works. One item of interest in the score of the symphony is that throughout the entire symphony, the key signature never changes; i ...

See also:

Symphony No. 4 Shostakovich, Symphony No. 4 Shostakovich - History, Symphony No. 4 Shostakovich - Music, Symphony No. 4 Shostakovich - I: Allegretto poco moderato-Presto-Tempo 1o, Symphony No. 4 Shostakovich - II: Moderato con moto, Symphony No. 4 Shostakovich - III: Largo-Allegro, Symphony No. 4 Shostakovich - Recordings

Read more here: » Symphony No. 4 Shostakovich: Encyclopedia II - Symphony No. 4 Shostakovich - Music

Originally a slow Italian or Spanish dance in 3/4 time, the passacaglia later came to be an instrumental work in 3/4 based on a ground (that is, a melody which repeats unchangingly throughout while other lines are freely varied). The passacaglia is very closely related to the chaconne, except that in the chaconne, the repeating melody is always in the bass (that is, it is a ground bass). Today, the term passacaglia is often used to denote a piece (not even necessarily in 3/4 time) which has a fixed bass line (ground bass) or ch ...

See also:

Passacaglia, Passacaglia - Origins and features, Passacaglia - Well-known themes, Passacaglia - Modern examples

Read more here: » Passacaglia: Encyclopedia II - Passacaglia - Origins and features

"Mandy" - Barry Manilow (1) "Please Mr Postman" - Carpenters (1) "Laughter In The Rain" - Neil Sedaka (1) "Fire" - Ohio Players (1) "You're No Good" - Linda Ronstadt (1) "Pick Up The Pieces" - Average White Band (1) "Best Of My Love" - The Eagles (1) "Have You Never Been Mellow" - Olivia Newton-John (1) "Black Water" - Doobie Brothers (1) "My Eyes Adored You" - Frankie Valli & the Four Seasons (1) "Lady Marmalade" - LaBelle (1) "Lovin' You" - Minnie Riperton (1)
See also:

1975 in music, 1975 in music - Events, 1975 in music - Unknown dates, 1975 in music - Albums released, 1975 in music - Chronological Table of US and UK Number One Hit Singles, 1975 in music - Other significant singles, 1975 in music - Published popular music, 1975 in music - Classical music, 1975 in music - Opera, 1975 in music - Musical theatre, 1975 in music - Musical films, 1975 in music - Births, 1975 in music - Deaths, 1975 in music - Awards, 1975 in music - Grammy Awards, 1975 in music - Country Music Association Awards, 1975 in music - Eurovision Song Contest

Read more here: » 1975 in music: Encyclopedia II - 1975 in music - Chronological Table of US and UK Number One Hit Singles

Nose - In mammals. In most mammals, it also houses the nosehairs, which catch airborne particles and prevent them from reaching the lungs. Within and behind the nose is the olfactory mucosa and the sinuses. Behind the nasal cavity, air next passes through the pharynx, shared with the digestive system, and then into the rest of the respiratory system. In humans, the nose is located centrally on the face; on most other mammals, it is on the upper tip of the snout. Nose as a term may be used to designate the leading end ...

See also:

Nose, Nose - Function, Nose - In mammals, Nose - Associated health risks, Nose - Direction finding, Nose - External link

Read more here: » Nose: Encyclopedia II - Nose - Function

The story centers on the life and death of Akaky Akakievich, an impoverished government clerk and copyist in the Russian capital of St. Petersburg. Akaky is dedicated to his job, taking special relish in the hand-copying of documents, though he receives little recognition for his hard work. Instead, the younger clerks in his department tease him and attempt to distract him whenever they can. His threadbare overcoat is often the butt of their jokes. Akaky decides it is necessary to have the coat repaired, so he brings it to his tailor, Petrovich. Petrovich declares that the coat is unsalvageable, and ...

See also:

The Overcoat, The Overcoat - Summary, The Overcoat - Interpretations

Read more here: » The Overcoat: Encyclopedia II - The Overcoat - Summary

Some of the more famous works are by Holocaust survivors or victims, such as Elie Wiesel, Primo Levi, and Anne Frank, but there is a substantial body of literature and art in many languages. The Holocaust has been a common subject in American literature, with authors ranging from Sylvia Plath to Saul Bellow addressing it in their works. In 1991, Art Spiegelman completed the second and final installment of his Pulitzer Prize winning graphic novel, Maus. Through text and illustration, the autobiography retraces his father's steps through the Holocaust a ...

See also:

The Holocaust in art and literature, The Holocaust in art and literature - Literature, The Holocaust in art and literature - Poetry, The Holocaust in art and literature - Film, The Holocaust in art and literature - Music

Read more here: » The Holocaust in art and literature: Encyclopedia II - The Holocaust in art and literature - Literature

Until early in the 20th century, there was little music written specifically for the wind band, which led to an extensive repertoire of pieces transcribed from orchestral works, or arranged from other sources. However, as the wind band moved out of the sole domain of the military marching ensemble and into the concert hall, it has gained favor with composers, and now many works are being written specifically for the concert band and the wind ensemble. While today there are composers who write exclusively for band, it is worth noting that man ...

See also:

Concert band, Concert band - Terminology, Concert band - History, Concert band - Wind ensemble, Concert band - Performing groups, Concert band - Military bands, Concert band - Collegiate bands, Concert band - Professional bands, Concert band - Community bands, Concert band - Modern instrumentation, Concert band - Repertoire, Concert band - Original works, Concert band - Transcriptions, Concert band - Band associations

Read more here: » Concert band: Encyclopedia II - Concert band - Repertoire

The term fuga was used as far back as the Middle Ages, but was initially used to refer to any kind of imitative counterpoint, including canons, which are now thought of as distinct from fugues. It was not until the 16th century that fugal technique as it is understood today began to be seen in pieces, both instrumental and vocal. Fugal writing is found in works such as fantasias, ri ...

See also:

Fugue, Fugue - Characteristics and anatomy, Fugue - Number of voices, Fugue - Musical outline, Fugue - Timing of entries, Fugue - Double triple quadruple fugue, Fugue - Is the fugue a musical form?, Fugue - History, Fugue - Baroque era, Fugue - Classical era, Fugue - Romantic era, Fugue - 20th century, Fugue - Perceptions and aesthetics

Read more here: » Fugue: Encyclopedia II - Fugue - History