Dmitri Shostakovich

While in literature the "Romantic Period" is conventionally dated from the late 18th century to the early 19th century, in music, the overwhelming usage is to date the Romantic Period from post-Beethovenian works through the first decade of the 20th century. While not all critics and composers agree with this usage, it remains the predominant paradigm to see this period as a relatively continuous evolution in style, even though many influential composers and critics drew a sharp break around mid-century, for example Hanslick and Richard Wagn ...

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History of sonata form, History of sonata form - Sonata form in the late Baroque era ca 1710- ca 1770, History of sonata form - Sonata form in the Classical era ca 1770-ca 1825, History of sonata form - Sonata form in the Romantic era ca 1820 - ca 1910, History of sonata form - Sonata form in the Modern era

Read more here: » History of sonata form: Encyclopedia II - History of sonata form - Sonata form in the Romantic era ca 1820 - ca 1910

Critics are no longer to be found who will insist that Mahler's popularity is a fad or a craze that will shortly pass; but while his place in musical history and in the repertoire seems secure, sober assessment of his specific legacy is inhibited by several factors. For example, little common ground can be found between those who revere Mahler for his 'emotional frankness' and 'spiritual honesty', and his equally vociferous detractors for whom the same music displays 'mawkishness', 'tastelessness' and 'sentimentality' (Franz Schmidt clearly ...

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Gustav Mahler, Gustav Mahler - Biography, Gustav Mahler - Music, Gustav Mahler - Legacy, Gustav Mahler - Works, Gustav Mahler - Symphonies, Gustav Mahler - Vocal works, Gustav Mahler - Recordings, Gustav Mahler - Arrangements

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Jarrett's first album for ECM, called Facing You (1971) was a solo piano date recorded in the studio. He has continued to record solo piano albums in the studio intermittently throughout his career, including Staircase (1976), The Moth and the Flame (1981), and The Melody At Night, With You (1999). Book of Ways (1986) is a studio recording of clavichord solos. The studio albums are modestly successful entries in the Jarrett catalog, but in 1973, Jarrett also began playing totally improvised solo conc ...

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Keith Jarrett, Keith Jarrett - Early years, Keith Jarrett - 1970s quartets, Keith Jarrett - Solo piano, Keith Jarrett - The standards trio, Keith Jarrett - Classical music, Keith Jarrett - Other works, Keith Jarrett - Idiosyncrasies, Keith Jarrett - Literature

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The site originated from a text document he wrote listing 50 things that made him angry. He gave the list to several people on EFnet's #coders. The response was positive, and he started the controversial website in 1997. As the title suggests, the website proclaims itself to be "The Best Page In The Universe", a name stemming from Yahoo! policy to not include in their search engine any page that claims to be the best of anything. In protest, Maddox claimed the site to be the best in the universe and named it accordingly. The fo ...

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The Best Page in the Universe, The Best Page in the Universe - About Maddox, The Best Page in the Universe - Education, The Best Page in the Universe - Career and work, The Best Page in the Universe - Interests, The Best Page in the Universe - The website, The Best Page in the Universe - Articles, The Best Page in the Universe - April Fool's Days, The Best Page in the Universe - Hidden pages, The Best Page in the Universe - Internet popularity, The Best Page in the Universe - Criticism, The Best Page in the Universe - Blocking, The Best Page in the Universe - Politics, The Best Page in the Universe - Mothers Against Maddox, The Best Page in the Universe - Something Awful, The Best Page in the Universe - Imitations, The Best Page in the Universe - Charity

Read more here: » The Best Page in the Universe: Encyclopedia II - The Best Page in the Universe - The website

With a range beginning at Bb0 (extending down a half-step to the lowest note on the piano on instruments with the low A extension), and extending up just over three octaves, the contrabassoon is the deepest available sound in most orchestras. Accordingly, the instrument is notated an octave above sounding pitch in bass clef, with tenor or even (rarely) treble clef called for in high passages. The instrument has a high range extending to middle C, but the top fifth is rarely used. Tonally, it sounds much like the bassoon except for ...

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Contrabassoon, Contrabassoon - The Contrabassoon, Contrabassoon - Range, Contrabassoon - History and current use

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String quartet - Born before 1800. Giovanni Battista Sammartini (ca. 1700–1775): wrote several quartets though as with many early works for the medium some of these could be played equally by a small string orchestra. Christian Cannabich (1731–1798): six string quartets opus 5 (about 1780). Joseph Haydn (1732–1809): wrote sixty-eight string quartets (some of which he called Divertimenti), the last incomplete, plus Die Sieben letzten Worte unseres Erlösers am Kreuze (See also:

String quartet, String quartet - Background, String quartet - History, String quartet - Popular string quartets, String quartet - List of string quartet composers, String quartet - Born before 1800, String quartet - Born 1801–1850, String quartet - Born 1851–1900, String quartet - Born 1901–1950, String quartet - Born 1951 and later, String quartet - String quartets ensembles

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Some of the more famous works are by Holocaust survivors or victims, such as Elie Wiesel, Primo Levi, and Anne Frank, but there is a substantial body of literature and art in many languages. The Holocaust has been a common subject in American literature, with authors ranging from Sylvia Plath to Saul Bellow addressing it in their works. Key works in other languages include Ukrainian Anatoly Kuznetsov's novel about the Babi Yar massacre. ...

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The Holocaust in art and literature, The Holocaust in art and literature - Literature, The Holocaust in art and literature - Poetry, The Holocaust in art and literature - Film, The Holocaust in art and literature - Music

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The Novodevichy Convent was founded in 1524 by Grand Prince Vasili III in commemoration of the conquest of Smolensk in 1514. It was built as a fortress at a curve of the Moskva River and became an important part of the southern defensive belt of the capital, which had already included a number of other monasteries. Upon its founding, the Novodevichy Convent was granted 3,000 rubles and the villages of Akhabinevo and Troparevo. Ivan the Terrible woul ...

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Novodevichy Convent, Novodevichy Convent - Muscovite period, Novodevichy Convent - Imperial period, Novodevichy Convent - Soviet period and beyond, Novodevichy Convent - Monuments, Novodevichy Convent - Necropolis, Novodevichy Convent - External link

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Gogol was born in Sorochintsi of Poltava Guberniya (now Ukraine) to the family of Ukrainian (or rather Ruthenian) small-time nobility (dvoryanstvo). His first name in Ukrainian spells Mykola. Some of his ancestors associated themselves with Polish Szlachta (probably not by ethnicity but culturally, due to the continued polonization of Ruthenian upper class) and his grand-father Afanasiy Gogol wrote in census papers that "his ancestors, of the family-name Gogol, are of the Polish nation". However, his great-grandfather, Jan Gogo ...

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Nikolai Gogol, Nikolai Gogol - Life and Death, Nikolai Gogol - Dead Souls and Death, Nikolai Gogol - Interpretation, Nikolai Gogol - Works

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The story is in three parts: The Nose - Part one. On the 25th of March, a particular barber, Ivan Yakovlevich, finds a nose in his bread which he recognises as that of one of his regular customers, Collegiate Assessor Kovalyov (known as 'Major Kovalyov'). He tries to get rid of it by throwing it in the Neva river, but he is caught by a policeman. See also:

The Nose, The Nose - Plot, The Nose - Part one, The Nose - Part two, The Nose - Part three, The Nose - Criticism, The Nose - Reference

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Philip Glass - Beginnings education and influences. Glass was born in Baltimore, Maryland as the son of Jewish immigrants from the Ukraine. His father owned a record store, and his very refined record collection consisted to a large extent of unsold records, and thus Glass encountered modern music (Hindemith, Bartók, Shostakovich) and classical music, (Ludwig van Beethoven's String Quartets and Schubert's two Piano Trios), at a very early age. He then studied the flute as a child at the Peabody Conservatory of M ...

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Philip Glass, Philip Glass - Life and Work, Philip Glass - Beginnings education and influences, Philip Glass - Minimalism: From Strung Out to Music in 12 Parts, Philip Glass - The Portrait Trilogy: Einstein on the Beach Sathyagraha and Akhnaten, Philip Glass - Theatre music: Glass and Samuel Beckett, Philip Glass - Postminimalism: From the Violin Concerto to the Symphony No.3, Philip Glass - Music for Piano: Metamorphosis and the Etudes, Philip Glass - A second opera triptych: Orphée La Belle et la Bête and Les Enfants Terribles, Philip Glass - Influences and connections, Philip Glass - Music for film, Philip Glass - New Directions: Symphonies Chamber Operas and Concertos, Philip Glass - Recent works: Waiting for the Barbarians and the Symphony No.8, Philip Glass - Works, Philip Glass - Works for the Philip Glass Ensemble, Philip Glass - Operas, Philip Glass - Chamber operas music theatre, Philip Glass - Works for solo piano, Philip Glass - Works for two pianos, Philip Glass - Chamber music, Philip Glass - Works for solo instruments, Philip Glass - Symphonies, Philip Glass - Other works for orchestra with chorus and voices, Philip Glass - Works for solo instruments and orchestra Concertos etc., Philip Glass - Vocal works, Philip Glass - Works for chorus, Philip Glass - Works for organ, Philip Glass - Other Works, Philip Glass - Film scores, Philip Glass - Selected discography, Philip Glass - Minimalist works, Philip Glass - For piano, Philip Glass - Concertos symphonies etc., Philip Glass - Chamber Music and Albums with other Musicians, Philip Glass - Operas

Read more here: » Philip Glass: Encyclopedia II - Philip Glass - Life and Work

George Gershwin - Musical style and influence. Gershwin was influenced very much by French composers of the early twentieth century. Upon meeting composer Maurice Ravel, Gershwin asked him of the possibility of becoming a student of composition under the master. Ravel is said to have replied, "Why should you be a second-rate Ravel when you can be a first-rate Gershwin?" Ravel was already quite impressed with the ability of Gershwin, commenting, "Personally I find jazz most interesting: the rhythms, the way the me ...

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George Gershwin, George Gershwin - Biography, George Gershwin - Music, George Gershwin - Musical style and influence, George Gershwin - Classical works, George Gershwin - Musical theater credits, George Gershwin - Musical films, George Gershwin - Media

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Concertos for the harpsichord were written throughout the Baroque era, notably by Johann Sebastian Bach (see list of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach for a list). These harpsichord concertos are often performed with a piano as the solo instrument. As the piano developed and became accepted, composers naturally started writing concertos for it. This happened in the 18th century, and so corresponded to the Classical music era. The most important composer in the development of the form in these ...

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Piano concerto, Piano concerto - History, Piano concerto - Form, Piano concerto - Other compositions for piano and orchestra

Read more here: » Piano concerto: Encyclopedia II - Piano concerto - History

Violin concertos near the center of the "repertoire". The big list of violin concertos has been moved to List of compositions for violin and orchestra. Johann Sebastian Bach Violin Concerto in A minor, BWV 1041 (1717–1723) Violin Concerto in E major, BWV 1042 (1717–1723) Double Violin Concerto in D minor, BWV 1043 (1723) Samuel Barber Violin Concerto, op. 14 (1939) Béla Bartók Violin Concerto No. 1 (1908) Violin Concerto No. 2 ( ...

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Violin concerto, Violin concerto - Selected list of Violin Concertos, Violin concerto - Selected list of other works for violin and ensemble

Read more here: » Violin concerto: Encyclopedia II - Violin concerto - Selected list of Violin Concertos

Folk music has a tradition of political content, with songs sung to commemorate popular uprisings and strikes, and to protest against injustice and social inequity. Classical music has often been used to glorify political leaders, largely because the patronage of the rich or powerful was the main source of income for composers in previous centuries; see for example Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser, French overture. In recent times this has become less prevalent; the Master of the Queen's Music in the U.K., for example, is no longer requi ...

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Music and politics, Music and politics - Politics in different musical genres, Music and politics - Censorship of music, Music and politics - Music in the political process, Music and politics - New musicology

Read more here: » Music and politics: Encyclopedia II - Music and politics - Politics in different musical genres

Province of New Brunswick: Fernhill Cemetery, Saint John - final resting place of several early Canadian statesmen including Sir Samuel Leonard Tilley. Province of Quebec: Cimetière Notre-Dame-de-Belmont, Sainte-Foy - interred here are politicians Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, Jean Lesage and others. Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges, Montreal – some of the notables buried here include Maurice Richard, George-Étienne Cartier, Doug Harv ...

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List of cemeteries, List of cemeteries - Argentina, List of cemeteries - Australia, List of cemeteries - Austria, List of cemeteries - Belgium, List of cemeteries - Brazil, List of cemeteries - Canada, List of cemeteries - Chile, List of cemeteries - People's Republic of China, List of cemeteries - Hong Kong, List of cemeteries - Czech Republic, List of cemeteries - Denmark, List of cemeteries - Egypt, List of cemeteries - Finland, List of cemeteries - France, List of cemeteries - Germany, List of cemeteries - Greece, List of cemeteries - Hungary, List of cemeteries - Indonesia, List of cemeteries - Iran, List of cemeteries - Iraq, List of cemeteries - Ireland, List of cemeteries - Italy, List of cemeteries - Israel, List of cemeteries - Japan, List of cemeteries - Lithuania, List of cemeteries - Malaysia, List of cemeteries - Mexico, List of cemeteries - Netherlands, List of cemeteries - Poland, List of cemeteries - Romania, List of cemeteries - Russia, List of cemeteries - Slovenia, List of cemeteries - Serbia, List of cemeteries - Spain, List of cemeteries - Sweden, List of cemeteries - Switzerland, List of cemeteries - Taiwan, List of cemeteries - Ukraine, List of cemeteries - United Kingdom, List of cemeteries - United States of America, List of cemeteries - Vietnam

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Sonata music - The Baroque sonata. By the time of Arcangelo Corelli two polyphonic types of sonata were established, the sonata da chiesa (church sonata) and the sonata da camera ("ordinary" sonata). The sonata da chiesa, generally for one or more violins and bass, consisted normally of a slow introduction, a loosely fugued allegro, a cantabile slow movement and a lively finale in some such binary form as suggests affinity with the dance-tunes of the suite. This scheme, however, is not very clearly defined ...

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Sonata music, Sonata music - Usage of sonata, Sonata music - Forces, Sonata music - Brief history of the usage of sonata, Sonata music - The Baroque sonata, Sonata music - The sonata in the Classical era, Sonata music - Sonata in the Romantic Era, Sonata music - Sonata after the Romantic Era, Sonata music - The Sonata in scholarship and musicology, Sonata music - The sonata idea or principle, Sonata music - 20th century theory, Sonata music - Famous Sonatas, Sonata music - Classical ca 1760-ca 1830, Sonata music - Romantic ca 1830-ca 1900, Sonata music - 20th Century Including Modern ca 1910-2000

Read more here: » Sonata music: Encyclopedia II - Sonata music - Brief history of the usage of sonata

The serialization of rhythm, dynamics etc developed after the Second World War by arguing that the twelve-tone music of Arnold Schoenberg and his followers of the Second Viennese School had serialized pitch, and was partly fostered by the work of Olivier Messiaen and his analysis students, including Karel Goeyvaerts and Boulez, in post-war Paris. Twelve-tone music is regarded by some as a sub-category of serialism, and by others serialism is seen as an outgrowth of twelve-tone music.

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Serialism, Serialism - Basic definition, Serialism - History of serial music, Serialism - Twelve tone music, Serialism - Serialism invented and described, Serialism - Serialism and high modernism, Serialism - Serialism in the present, Serialism - Reactions to and against serialism, Serialism - Theory of serial music, Serialism - Important composers, Serialism - Sources

Read more here: » Serialism: Encyclopedia II - Serialism - History of serial music

([17]) Sergei Prokofiev Cello Concerto, Op. 58 Sinfonia Concertante, Op. 125 (1950-52) Cello Concertino, Op. 132 (one version completed by Kabalevsky, another by Blok) (1952) Joachim Raff Cello Concerto No. 1 op. 193 in D minor from 1874 Cello Concerto No. 2 op. posth in G from 1876 Einojuhani Rautavaara Cello Concerto Carl Reinecke Cello Concerto op. 82 in D minor (1864) Joaquin Rodr ...

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List of compositions for cello and orchestra, List of compositions for cello and orchestra - List of Cello Concertos, List of compositions for cello and orchestra - Selected list of other concertante works, List of compositions for cello and orchestra - External link

Read more here: » List of compositions for cello and orchestra: Encyclopedia II - List of compositions for cello and orchestra - List of Cello Concertos

List of compositions for piano and orchestra - Piano concertos. Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ...

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List of compositions for piano and orchestra, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - Concertos, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - Piano concertos, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - A, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - B, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - C, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - D, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - E, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - F, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - G, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - H, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - I, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - J, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - K, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - L, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - M, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - N, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - O, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - P, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - Q, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - R, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - S, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - T, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - U, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - V, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - W, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - X, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - Y, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - Z, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - Concertos for piano and other solo instruments, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - Other concertante works for piano and orchestra, List of compositions for piano and orchestra - Works for orchestra or large ensemble with prominent solo piano part

Read more here: » List of compositions for piano and orchestra: Encyclopedia II - List of compositions for piano and orchestra - Concertos

Mussorgsky was born in Karevo in the province of Pskov, 400km SSE of St. Petersburg. Mussorgsky's wealthy and land-owning family reputedly descended from the first Russian ruler, Rurik, through the sovereign princes of Smolensk. At the age of 6, Modest began receiving piano lessons from his mother; his progress was sufficiently rapid that he was able to perform a John Field concerto for family and friends just three years later. At 10 he and his brother were taken to St Petersburg to study at the elite Peterschule; while there, Modest stu ...

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Modest Mussorgsky, Modest Mussorgsky - Life, Modest Mussorgsky - Works, Modest Mussorgsky - Appearances in film and popular culture

Read more here: » Modest Mussorgsky: Encyclopedia II - Modest Mussorgsky - Life

This list comprises the standard operatic repertory, arranged alphabetically by composer followed by city and date of first staged performance. All the operas in this list are discussed in standard guidebooks, such as The Penguin Guide to Opera, ed. Amanda Holden, 1994. Many splendid and under-appreciated masterpieces, aside from operatic curiosities, can be found in entries under the names of their individual composers. In many opera houses this international repertory is supplemented by local standards. An American list, for ...

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List of famous operas, List of famous operas - Standard operatic repertory, List of famous operas - Historically significant operas

Read more here: » List of famous operas: Encyclopedia II - List of famous operas - Standard operatic repertory