digital imaging

The airbrush is a small, highly precise spray gun for applying paint. It was invented in 1879 by Abner Peeler, in Iowa, USA. This first airbrush used a hand-operated compressor, and the inventor patented it "for the painting of watercolors and other artistic purposes". However this first device was rather crude and it took a number of years of further development before a practical device was developed, which was marketed by Liberty Walkup. The first modern type airbrush came along in 1893, presented by Thayer and Chandler art materia ...

Including:

• Airbrush - Airbrushing for photo retouching
• Airbrush - Spray guns

Read more here: » Airbrush: Encyclopedia - Airbrush

Color printing is the reproduction of an image or text in color (as opposed to simpler black and white or monochrome printing). It may also commonly be called four-color process printing when only the colors cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (also known as CMYK) are used. Another emerging method of color printing is six-color process printing (for example, Pantone's Hexachrome system) which adds orange and green to the traditional CMYK ...

Including:

• Color printing - Color separation process
• Color printing - Screening
• Color printing - Stochastic screening

Read more here: » Color printing: Encyclopedia - Color printing

In general, channel refers to the path between two endpoints. It can be used to mean specific types of channels, including: In communications, a channel is the route which a message follows, as it is transmitted between a communication source and a receiver. In computer science, a channel is the mechanism by which a message is sent between a communication source and receivers. In geography and nautical/shipping contexts, channel means the course traveled by a body of water or the pas

Read more here: » Channel: Encyclopedia - Channel

In common usage, an image (from Latin imago) or picture is an artifact that reproduces the likeness of some subject—usually a physical object or a person. Images may be two dimensional, such as a photograph, or three dimensional such as in a statue. They are typically produced by optical devices—such as a cameras, mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, etc. and natural objects and phenomena, such as the human eye or water surfaces. The word image' is also used in the broader sense of any two-d ...

Including:

• Image - Specialised meanings

Read more here: » Image: Encyclopedia - Image

Imaging is the action or process of producing images, animations, 3D computer graphics or any other spatial representation of a physical object. Imaging - Specialized meanings. The word also has many specialized meanings in various disciplines and contexts: In photography, digital imaging is the creation of digital images, typically by image scanning or digital photography, and the processing, compression, storage, printing, and display of such images. In document management, i ...

Including:

• Imaging - Specialized meanings

Read more here: » Imaging: Encyclopedia - Imaging

Dynamic imaging is the amalgamation of digital imaging and workflow automation. It is used to automate the creation of images by zooming, panning, colorize and performing other image processing and color management operations on a copy of a digital master. Dynamic imaging technology falls into three categories: Script dynamic imaging: A shell script is used to automate repeated tasks in programs, such as Adobe Photoshop or Netpbm. Batch dynamic imaging: An engine, such as Adobe Graphics Serve ...

Read more here: » Dynamic imaging: Encyclopedia - Dynamic imaging

The preceding explanation and the Nyquist criterion are somewhat idealised, because they assume instantaneous sampling and other slightly unrealistic hypotheses, although useful approximations to these things do exist. The following is a more detailed explanation of the phenomenon in terms of function approximation theory. Aliasing - Continuous signals. For the purposes of this analysis, we define (continuous) signal as a real or complex valued function whose domain is the interval [0,1]. To ...

See also:

Aliasing, Aliasing - Overview, Aliasing - Aliasing in periodic phenomena, Aliasing - Sampling a sinusoidal signal, Aliasing - The Nyquist criterion, Aliasing - Origin of the term, Aliasing - An audio example, Aliasing - Mathematical explanation of aliasing, Aliasing - Continuous signals, Aliasing - Point sampling, Aliasing - A better sampling method filtering, Aliasing - Reconstruction, Aliasing - Aliasing, Aliasing - Optimal filtering, Aliasing - Caveats, Aliasing - An example in astronomy, Aliasing - External link

Read more here: » Aliasing: Encyclopedia II - Aliasing - Mathematical explanation of aliasing

Aside from the religion program, George School offers a rigorous academic course of study. One of the highlights of George School's academics is the International Baccalaureate program, which certifies students to attend colleges and universities around the world, or can give them an edge at U.S. college admission or early graduation. George School also offers Advanced Placement courses and examinations in Biology, Calculus (AB and BC), English, U.S. History, Physics, and the school's three foreign languages: French, Spanish, and Latin. Additionally, students in the Portfolio Preperation class have been ...

See also:

George School, George School - History, George School - Quaker Influences, George School - Academics, George School - Service, George School - Athletics, George School - Symbols and logos

Read more here: » George School: Encyclopedia II - George School - Academics

The process of color separation occurs when the original artwork is digitally scanned and separated into red, green, and blue components. Before digital imaging was developed, the traditional method of doing this was to photograph the image three times, using a filter for each color. However this is achieved, the desired result is three grayscale images, which represent the red, green, and blue (RGB) components of the original image: The next step is to invert each of these separations. When a negative image of the red component is pr ...

See also:

Color printing, Color printing - Color separation process, Color printing - Screening, Color printing - Stochastic screening

Read more here: » Color printing: Encyclopedia II - Color printing - Color separation process

Headquartered in Mortsel, Belgium, Agfa has sales organizations in 40 countries, representation in 120 countries, and 14,000 employees (full time equivalent permanent) worldwide. Agfa has manufacturing plants in 10 countries, including Belgium, Germany, Italy, China, and the United States. Net sales for 2004 totaled 3.8 billion euros. While in the past, Agfa film and cameras were common consumer products, today Agfa's business is 100% business-to-bu ...

See also:

Agfa-Gevaert, Agfa-Gevaert - Overview, Agfa-Gevaert - Company Structure, Agfa-Gevaert - Graphic Systems, Agfa-Gevaert - Health Care, Agfa-Gevaert - Specialty Products, Agfa-Gevaert - History, Agfa-Gevaert - Sources

Read more here: » Agfa-Gevaert: Encyclopedia II - Agfa-Gevaert - Overview

Moiré pattern - Moiré of parallel patterns. Let us consider two patterns made of parallel and equidistant lines, e.g. vertical lines. The step of the first pattern is p, the step of the second is p+δp, with δp>0. If the lines of the patterns are superimposed at the left of the figure, the shift between the lines increase when going to the right. After a given number of lines, the patterns are opposed: the lines of the second pattern are between the lines of the fi ...

See also:

Moiré pattern, Moiré pattern - Etymology, Moiré pattern - Moirés in digital images of TV screens, Moiré pattern - Calculations, Moiré pattern - Moiré of parallel patterns, Moiré pattern - Rotated patterns, Moiré pattern - Application to strain measurement, Moiré pattern - Uniaxial traction, Moiré pattern - Shear strain

Read more here: » Moiré pattern: Encyclopedia II - Moiré pattern - Calculations

Airbrushing has long been used to alter photographs in the pre-digital era. In skilled hands it can be used to help hide signs that an image has been extensively retouched or "doctored". Many photographs of officials from the Stalinist regime show extensive airbrushing, often entire people have been removed. The term "airbrushed out" has come to mean rewriting history to pretend that something was never there. The term "airbrushed" or "airbrushed photo" has also been used to describe glamour photos in which a model's imperfecti ...

See also:

Airbrush, Airbrush - Airbrushing for photo retouching, Airbrush - Spray guns

Read more here: » Airbrush: Encyclopedia II - Airbrush - Airbrushing for photo retouching

It is extremely important to keep in mind what is much repeated in the above discussion: the Nyquist theorem, the optimality of the sinc filter, the choice of the error norm (we chose L2) and so on are all assumptions we are making about the underlying physical problem. In many problems, these assumptions are absolutely wrong, and in these cases, the Nyquist theorem needs to be modified so that it makes a true statement ...

See also:

Aliasing, Aliasing - Overview, Aliasing - Aliasing in periodic phenomena, Aliasing - Sampling a sinusoidal signal, Aliasing - The Nyquist criterion, Aliasing - Origin of the term, Aliasing - An audio example, Aliasing - Mathematical explanation of aliasing, Aliasing - Continuous signals, Aliasing - Point sampling, Aliasing - A better sampling method filtering, Aliasing - Reconstruction, Aliasing - Aliasing, Aliasing - Optimal filtering, Aliasing - Caveats, Aliasing - An example in astronomy, Aliasing - External link

Read more here: » Aliasing: Encyclopedia II - Aliasing - Caveats

Students are almost always required to play a competitive sport or participate in a physical education program, thus the old saying "Doing nothing is not an option." Starting in the 1996-1997 school year, certain fully-scheduled students were permitted to take one trimester with no athletics. Still, underclassmen must play three competitive sports and seniors must play two: Fall: cross country, equestrian, field hockey, football, soccer, and tennis Winter: basketball, swimming, winter track, volleyball, and wrestling Spring: baseball, equestrian, golf, l ...

See also:

George School, George School - History, George School - Quaker Influences, George School - Academics, George School - Service, George School - Athletics, George School - Symbols and logos

Read more here: » George School: Encyclopedia II - George School - Athletics

Taking a picture of a TV screen with a digital camera often produces severe moiré patterns. In the example shown, two distinct patterns are visible. The first consists of broad, dark, horizontal, slightly curved bands. They are caused by the superimposition of (the image of) the TV scan lines on the array of CCD pixels in the digital camera used to shoot the screen. Since the camera was not absolutely perpendicular to the screen, the moiré lines converge to the right. They are crooked because the scan lines on a TV (tube) screen are ...

See also:

Moiré pattern, Moiré pattern - Etymology, Moiré pattern - Moirés in digital images of TV screens, Moiré pattern - Calculations, Moiré pattern - Moiré of parallel patterns, Moiré pattern - Rotated patterns, Moiré pattern - Application to strain measurement, Moiré pattern - Uniaxial traction, Moiré pattern - Shear strain

Read more here: » Moiré pattern: Encyclopedia II - Moiré pattern - Moirés in digital images of TV screens

Aliasing - Aliasing in periodic phenomena. The sun moves east to west in the sky, with 24 hours between sunrises. If one were to take a picture of the sky every 23 hours, the sun would appear to move west to east, with 24 × 23 = 552 hours between sunrises. Note that both motions would result in the same pictures. The same phenomenon causes spoked wheels to apparently turn at the wrong speed or in the wrong direction when filmed, or illuminated with a flashing light source — such as fluorescent lamp, a CRT, or a strobe light. The ...

See also:

Aliasing, Aliasing - Overview, Aliasing - Aliasing in periodic phenomena, Aliasing - Sampling a sinusoidal signal, Aliasing - The Nyquist criterion, Aliasing - Origin of the term, Aliasing - An audio example, Aliasing - Mathematical explanation of aliasing, Aliasing - Continuous signals, Aliasing - Point sampling, Aliasing - A better sampling method filtering, Aliasing - Reconstruction, Aliasing - Aliasing, Aliasing - Optimal filtering, Aliasing - Caveats, Aliasing - An example in astronomy, Aliasing - External link

Read more here: » Aliasing: Encyclopedia II - Aliasing - Overview

Digital imaging technology has also given rise to new approaches to the screening process. The best-known is stochastic screening. Because the dots are the same size and randomly placed, the moiré effects that are generated by traditional half-tones are eliminated. A side benefit of stochastic screening is the ability to obtain a wider gamut of colors using additional inks such as orange or green (hexachrome). Due to the high resolution of the screen, using computer to plate imaging gives optimal results. Almost all inkjet devices use stochastic screening. Take a magnifier (or loupe) if you own an inkjet print ...

See also:

Color printing, Color printing - Color separation process, Color printing - Screening, Color printing - Stochastic screening

Read more here: » Color printing: Encyclopedia II - Color printing - Stochastic screening

Agfa is organized into three business groups as follows. Agfa-Gevaert - Graphic Systems. Digital and analogue prepress systems, software and consumables. Computer-to-film and computer-to-plate systems. Graphic film, printing plates. Digital proofing systems. Large format printing (e.g. billboards, wallpaper, textiles). High quality printing (e.g. bank notes). Industrial inkjet printing systems.

See also:

Agfa-Gevaert, Agfa-Gevaert - Overview, Agfa-Gevaert - Company Structure, Agfa-Gevaert - Graphic Systems, Agfa-Gevaert - Health Care, Agfa-Gevaert - Specialty Products, Agfa-Gevaert - History, Agfa-Gevaert - Sources

Read more here: » Agfa-Gevaert: Encyclopedia II - Agfa-Gevaert - Company Structure

Printing inks cannot mix, or commingle. For this reason, only one color of ink can be allowed to be on a particular point of the paper at a time. The optical illusion created by the colors being so close together gives the viewer the impression of a continuous-tone image. Keeping the colors separate from each other is accomplished by using a screen, also known as a halftone. Traditionally, halftone screens were generated by inked lines on two sheets of glass that were cemented together at right angles. Each of the color ...

See also:

Color printing, Color printing - Color separation process, Color printing - Screening, Color printing - Stochastic screening

Read more here: » Color printing: Encyclopedia II - Color printing - Screening