Diazepam, market under brand names of: Valium, Seduxen; and in Europe Apozepam, Diapam, is a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative, which possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Diazepam is used to treat anxiety and tension, and is the most effective benzodiazepine for treating muscle spasms. It is also used as a sedative premedication for various medical procedures, and to treat alcohol and opiate withdrawal symptoms. Occasionally, diazepam is used by military and pa ...

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Diazepam - Mode of action Diazepam - Pharmacokinetics Diazepam - Experimentation Diazepam - Half-Life Diazepam - Indications Diazepam - Veterinary Uses Diazepam - Contraindications Diazepam - Side effects Diazepam - Routine examinations needed under long-term treatment Diazepam - Interactions Diazepam - High Risk patients for abuse and dependence Diazepam - Withdrawal procedure after long-term treatment Diazepam - Dose Recommendations Diazepam - Dose Forms Diazepam - Recreational Use Diazepam - Overdose Diazepam - Fatal Reaction Diazepam - Occurrence in plants Diazepam - Inventor

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Diazepam, Diazepam - Mode of action, Diazepam - Pharmacokinetics, Diazepam - Experimentation, Diazepam - Half-Life, Diazepam - Indications, Diazepam - Veterinary Uses, Diazepam - Contraindications, Diazepam - Side effects, Diazepam - Routine examinations needed under long-term treatment, Diazepam - Interactions, Diazepam - High Risk patients for abuse and dependence, Diazepam - Withdrawal procedure after long-term treatment, Diazepam - Dose Recommendations, Diazepam - Dose Forms, Diazepam - Recreational Use, Diazepam - Overdose, Diazepam - Fatal Reaction, Diazepam - Occurrence in plants, Diazepam - Inventor

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A person who has consumed too much diazepam will have the following symptoms: difficulty staying awake, mental confusion, coma, and diminished reflexes. Overdose of diazepam constitutes a medical emergency and requires the immediate attention of emergency medical personnel. Its antidote is flumazenil (Anexate®). Because flumazenil is a short-acting drug and the effects of Diazepam can last for days, repetitive doses of flumazenil may be necessary. Artificial respiration and stabilization of cardiovascular f ...

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Diazepam, Diazepam - Mode of action, Diazepam - Pharmacokinetics, Diazepam - Experimentation, Diazepam - Half-Life, Diazepam - Indications, Diazepam - Veterinary Uses, Diazepam - Contraindications, Diazepam - Side effects, Diazepam - Routine examinations needed under long-term treatment, Diazepam - Interactions, Diazepam - High Risk patients for abuse and dependence, Diazepam - Withdrawal procedure after long-term treatment, Diazepam - Dose Recommendations, Diazepam - Dose Forms, Diazepam - Recreational Use, Diazepam - Overdose, Diazepam - Fatal Reaction, Diazepam - Occurrence in plants, Diazepam - Inventor

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Diazepam as a very broad spectrum of indications as follows: short-term treatment of insomnia treatment of anxiety, panic attacks, and states of agitation pre-/postoperative sedation treatment of status epilepticus, adjunctive treatment of other forms of epilepsy Tetanus together with other measures of intensive-treatment adjunctive treatment of painful muscle conditions adjunctive treatment of spastic muscular paresis (para-/tetraplegia) caused by cerebral or spinal cord con ...

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Diazepam, Diazepam - Mode of action, Diazepam - Pharmacokinetics, Diazepam - Experimentation, Diazepam - Half-Life, Diazepam - Indications, Diazepam - Veterinary Uses, Diazepam - Contraindications, Diazepam - Side effects, Diazepam - Routine examinations needed under long-term treatment, Diazepam - Interactions, Diazepam - High Risk patients for abuse and dependence, Diazepam - Withdrawal procedure after long-term treatment, Diazepam - Dose Recommendations, Diazepam - Dose Forms, Diazepam - Recreational Use, Diazepam - Overdose, Diazepam - Fatal Reaction, Diazepam - Occurrence in plants, Diazepam - Inventor

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Diazepam has a range of side effects (in common with other benzodiazepines). Most frequently encountered are: drowsiness depression impaired motor function / coordination impaired balance dizziness nervousness anterograde amnesia (especially pronounced in higher doses) Paradoxical effects like irritability, insomnia, muscle cramps, and in extreme cases, even rage and violence may be seen (these require immediate withdrawal of the drug). It can lead to physiologi ...

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Diazepam, Diazepam - Mode of action, Diazepam - Pharmacokinetics, Diazepam - Experimentation, Diazepam - Half-Life, Diazepam - Indications, Diazepam - Veterinary Uses, Diazepam - Contraindications, Diazepam - Side effects, Diazepam - Routine examinations needed under long-term treatment, Diazepam - Interactions, Diazepam - High Risk patients for abuse and dependence, Diazepam - Withdrawal procedure after long-term treatment, Diazepam - Dose Recommendations, Diazepam - Dose Forms, Diazepam - Recreational Use, Diazepam - Overdose, Diazepam - Fatal Reaction, Diazepam - Occurrence in plants, Diazepam - Inventor

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myasthenia gravis acute intoxications with alcohol, narcotics, and psychoactive drugs ataxia severe respiratory insufficiency acute narrow-angle glaucoma severe liver insufficiency (hepatitis and liver cirrhosis decrease elimination by a factor of 2) severe sleep apnea hypersensitivity or allergy to any drug in the benzodiazepine class children and adolescents (< 18 yrs. of age) : treatment usually not indicated, except treatment ...

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Diazepam, Diazepam - Mode of action, Diazepam - Pharmacokinetics, Diazepam - Experimentation, Diazepam - Half-Life, Diazepam - Indications, Diazepam - Veterinary Uses, Diazepam - Contraindications, Diazepam - Side effects, Diazepam - Routine examinations needed under long-term treatment, Diazepam - Interactions, Diazepam - High Risk patients for abuse and dependence, Diazepam - Withdrawal procedure after long-term treatment, Diazepam - Dose Recommendations, Diazepam - Dose Forms, Diazepam - Recreational Use, Diazepam - Overdose, Diazepam - Fatal Reaction, Diazepam - Occurrence in plants, Diazepam - Inventor

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Chlordiazepoxide (Trade name: Librium) was the first benzodiazepine to be made commercially available. It was an accidental discovery made by Leo Sternbach of Roche Pharmaceuticals in 1960. It is used as an anxiolytic and has a medium to long half life. Roche later went on to develop diazepam, better known as Valium, in 1963. The huge success of Valium made Roche the market leader in benzodiazepine products, and the company went on to develop and market the hypnotic nitrazepam (Mogadon) in 1965, flurazepam (Dalmane) and ...

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At a particular high risk are: patients with a history of alcohol or drug abuse or dependence emotionally unstable patients patients with severe personality disorders like Borderline Personality Disorder patients with chronic pain or possible other forms of physical disorders Patients from the aforementioned groups should be monitored very closely during therapy regarding signs of abuse and the development of dependence. Discontinue therapy, if any of these signs are noted. Long ...

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Diazepam, Diazepam - Mode of action, Diazepam - Pharmacokinetics, Diazepam - Experimentation, Diazepam - Half-Life, Diazepam - Indications, Diazepam - Veterinary Uses, Diazepam - Contraindications, Diazepam - Side effects, Diazepam - Routine examinations needed under long-term treatment, Diazepam - Interactions, Diazepam - High Risk patients for abuse and dependence, Diazepam - Withdrawal procedure after long-term treatment, Diazepam - Dose Recommendations, Diazepam - Dose Forms, Diazepam - Recreational Use, Diazepam - Overdose, Diazepam - Fatal Reaction, Diazepam - Occurrence in plants, Diazepam - Inventor

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After continued therapy in excess of a few weeks, diazepam should never be stopped abruptly, but withdrawn gradually. It is necessary to withdraw diazepam over a course of weeks, sometimes of months. The first 50% of the usual daily dose may be withdrawn quite rapidly, the next 25% fairly slow and the last quarter very slow to avoid unpleasant and sometimes serious withdrawal effects. Sometimes a temporary halt after withdrawal of the first 50% is indicated. ...

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Diazepam, Diazepam - Mode of action, Diazepam - Pharmacokinetics, Diazepam - Experimentation, Diazepam - Half-Life, Diazepam - Indications, Diazepam - Veterinary Uses, Diazepam - Contraindications, Diazepam - Side effects, Diazepam - Routine examinations needed under long-term treatment, Diazepam - Interactions, Diazepam - High Risk patients for abuse and dependence, Diazepam - Withdrawal procedure after long-term treatment, Diazepam - Dose Recommendations, Diazepam - Dose Forms, Diazepam - Recreational Use, Diazepam - Overdose, Diazepam - Fatal Reaction, Diazepam - Occurrence in plants, Diazepam - Inventor

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Strictly individual, depending upon the condition to be treated, severity of symptoms, and weight of the patient. The elderly and those with preexisting liver disease experience an intensified and prolonged action of the drug; in elderly the elimination of Diazepam and its major metabolites is decreased by a factor of 2 to 4. Therefore, the single doses should be reduced and/or the dosing intervalls spaced. General recommenations are: insomnia : 5 to 10mg bedtime dose (sometimes 2 to 2,5mg suffice), rarely 20mg is neededSee also:

Diazepam, Diazepam - Mode of action, Diazepam - Pharmacokinetics, Diazepam - Experimentation, Diazepam - Half-Life, Diazepam - Indications, Diazepam - Veterinary Uses, Diazepam - Contraindications, Diazepam - Side effects, Diazepam - Routine examinations needed under long-term treatment, Diazepam - Interactions, Diazepam - High Risk patients for abuse and dependence, Diazepam - Withdrawal procedure after long-term treatment, Diazepam - Dose Recommendations, Diazepam - Dose Forms, Diazepam - Recreational Use, Diazepam - Overdose, Diazepam - Fatal Reaction, Diazepam - Occurrence in plants, Diazepam - Inventor

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In dogs, epilepsy is often an inherited condition. It is more common in certain breeds, including beagles, Dachshunds, and German Shepherds. Epilepsy Animals - Treatment. Treatments can include the drugs phenobarbital, phenytoin, potassium bromide and diazepam. ...

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Epilepsy Animals, Epilepsy Animals - Canine Epilepsy, Epilepsy Animals - Treatment, Epilepsy Animals - Feline Epilepsy, Epilepsy Animals - Support Organisations

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Status epilepticus - Benzodiazepines. Shortly after it was introduced in 1963, diazepam became the first choice for SE. Even though other benzodiazepines such as clonazepam were useful, diazepam was relied upon almost exclusively. This began to change in 1975 with a preliminary study conducted by Waltregny and Dargent, who found that its pharmacological effects were longer lasting than those of an equal dose of diazepam.[3] T ...

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Status epilepticus, Status epilepticus - Variants, Status epilepticus - Convulsive, Status epilepticus - Treatments, Status epilepticus - Benzodiazepines, Status epilepticus - Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin, Status epilepticus - Barbiturates, Status epilepticus - General Anesthetics, Status epilepticus - Lidocaine, Status epilepticus - References and End Notes, Status epilepticus - Variants, Status epilepticus - Treatments

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Like other benzodiazepines (such as Valium, Librium, Xanax, and Halcion), flunitrazepam's pharmacological effects include sedation, muscle relaxation, reduction in anxiety, and prevention of convulsions. However, flunitrazepam's sedative effects are approximately 7 to 10 times more potent than diazepam (Valium). The effects of flunitrazepam appear approximately 15 to 20 minutes after administration and last approximately four to six hours. Some residual effects can b ...

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Flunitrazepam, Flunitrazepam - Medical uses, Flunitrazepam - Flunitrazepam as a date rape drug, Flunitrazepam - Use for theft, Flunitrazepam - Use as a recreational drug, Flunitrazepam - Adverse effects of use

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Opiates are strong central nervous system depressants, but regular users develop physiological tolerance allowing gradually increased dosages. In combination with other central nervous system depressants, heroin may still kill experienced users. Toxicology studies of heroin-related deaths reveal frequent involvement of other central nervous system depressants, including alcohol, benzodiazepines such as diazepam (valium), and occasionally methadone. Ironically, benzodiazepines and methadone are ofte ...

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Heroin, Heroin - History, Heroin - Usage and effects, Heroin - Production and trafficking, Heroin - Manufacturing, Heroin - History, Heroin - Trafficking, Heroin - Risks of non-medical abuse of heroin, Heroin - Withdrawal, Heroin - Drug interactions, Heroin - Culture, Heroin - Books

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The following frequently used drugs are prohibited or otherwise regulated for recreational use in most countries: Benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium) Cannabis products, e.g. marijuana, hashish and hashish oil Dissociatives such as dextromethorphan (DXM), phencyclidine (pcp), and ketamine Hallucinogens such as LSD, mescaline, peyote, and psilocybin Opium, opiates such as heroin and morphine, and opioids such as codeine, hydrocodone (Vicodin), methadone, and oxycodone (Percocet, Oxycontin) ...

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Prohibition drugs, Prohibition drugs - Scope, Prohibition drugs - History, Prohibition drugs - Early drug laws, Prohibition drugs - Twentieth century, Prohibition drugs - Drug control strategy, Prohibition drugs - Methods of enforcement, Prohibition drugs - Legal provisions, Prohibition drugs - Penalties

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Lorazepam is rapidly and nearly completely absorbed after any mode of application (oral, sublingual, i.m., i.v.). After i.v.-injection onset of action is within minutes and may be delayed to 30-45 minutes after oral/sublingual dose and up to 1 hour after i.m. use. The duration of action depends on the dose and is normally 6 to 12 hours. The half-life of lorazepam in patients with normal liver function is 11 to 18 hours. Therefore, 2-4 daily doses are often needed. A dose equivalent to 5 mg of diazepam is 500 micrograms (0.5 mg) of lorazepam. [1]. Other experts estim ...

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Lorazepam, Lorazepam - Indications, Lorazepam - Pharmacological Data and Pharmacokinetics, Lorazepam - Dosage, Lorazepam - Disadvantages, Lorazepam - Abuse, Lorazepam - Legal issues

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Kerry's history of drug problems covered most of the 1980's. He was arrested at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport in 1983 after U.S. Customs agents, during a routine inspection, caught him with 18 unmarked tablets in his right front pocket. Inside the crotch of his pants was a plastic bag containing an assortment of nearly 300 other pills (including codeine, diazepam, Librium, and possibly Percodan), ten grams of marijuana, and 6.5 grams of "blue and white powder". Eighteen months later the ...

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Kerry Von Erich, Kerry Von Erich - Career, Kerry Von Erich - Drug Problems & Death, Kerry Von Erich - Finishing and signature moves, Kerry Von Erich - Championships and accomplishments, Kerry Von Erich - Championship succession, Kerry Von Erich - External link

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ATC code N05 - N05B Anxiolytics. ATC code N05 - N05BA Benzodiazepine derivatives. N05BA01 Diazepam N05BA02 Chlordiazepoxide N05BA03 Medazepam N05BA04 Oxazepam N05BA05 Potassium clorazepate N05BA06 Lorazepam N05BA07 Adinazolam N05BA08 Bromazepam N05BA09 Clobazam N05BA10 Ketazolam N05BA11 Prazepam N05BA12 Alprazolam N05BA13 Halazepam N05BA14 Pinazepam N05BA15 Camazepam See also:

ATC code N05, ATC code N05 - N05A Antipsychotics, ATC code N05 - N05AA Phenothiazines with aliphatic side-chain, ATC code N05 - N05AB Phenothiazines with piperazine structure, ATC code N05 - N05AC Phenothiazines with piperidine structure, ATC code N05 - N05AD Butyrophenone derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05AE Indole derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05AF Thioxanthene derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05AG Diphenylbutylpiperidine derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05AH Diazepines oxazepines and thiazepines, ATC code N05 - N05AK Neuroleptics in tardive dyskinesia, ATC code N05 - N05AL Benzamides, ATC code N05 - N05AN Lithium, ATC code N05 - N05AX Other antipsychotics, ATC code N05 - N05B Anxiolytics, ATC code N05 - N05BA Benzodiazepine derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05BB Diphenylmethane derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05BC Carbamates, ATC code N05 - N05BD Dibenzo-bicyclo-octadiene derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05BE Azaspirodecanedione derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05BX Other anxiolytics, ATC code N05 - N05C Hypnotics and sedatives, ATC code N05 - N05CA Barbiturates plain, ATC code N05 - N05CB Barbiturates combinations, ATC code N05 - N05CC Aldehydes and derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05CD Benzodiazepine derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05CE Piperidinedione derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05CF Benzodiazepine related drugs, ATC code N05 - N05CM Other hypnotics and sedatives, ATC code N05 - N05CX Hypnotics and sedatives in combination excluding barbiturates

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The drugs most popular for recreational use worldwide are alcohol, cannabis, caffeine, tobacco, betel nut, and khat. Other substances often used for recreational purposes follow: Anti-impotence drugs such as Sildenafil Barbiturates, including: Phenobarbital Pentobarbital Secobarbital Benzodiazepines, including: Klonopin (Clonazepam) Valium (Diazepam) Xanax (Alprazolam) DXM (Dextromethorphan) GHB (Gamma-hydroxy ...

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Recreational drug use, Recreational drug use - History, Recreational drug use - Legal aspects, Recreational drug use - Drugs popularly used for recreation

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All common side-effects of benzodiazepines have been noted. Consult the article under Diazepam. Euphoria, leading to a high abuse potential, is quite often reported. It should be noted that up to 30% treated on a long-term basis develop a form of dependence known as 'low-dose-dependence', i.e. these patients do not need increasing doses to experience the feeling of 'well-beeing' caused by the drug. Leukopenia and liver-damage of the cholostatic type with or without jaundice (icterus) have additionally been seen; the original manufacturer Roche recommends regular laborat ...

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Bromazepam, Bromazepam - Pharmacology, Bromazepam - Indications, Bromazepam - Contraindications, Bromazepam - Side-effects, Bromazepam - Special Populations, Bromazepam - Availabity, Bromazepam - Dosage

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