Devonian - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Devonian: Encyclopedia Ii - Devonian - Devonian Fauna
Devonian - Marine biota. Sea levels in the Devonian were generally high. Marine faunas continued to be dominated by bryozoa, diverse an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coral: Encyclopedia Ii - Coral - Geological History
Although corals first appeared in the Cambrian period, some 570 million years ago, they are extremely rare as fossils until the Ordovicia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amphibian: Encyclopedia - Amphibian
Subclass Labyrinthodontia - extinct Subclass Lepospondyli - extinct Subclass Lissamphibia   Anura   Caudata  
...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ammonite: Encyclopedia - Ammonite
Ammonites are an extinct group of marine animals (subclass Ammonoidea) in the phylum Mollusca and class Cephalopoda. Their closest living...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anoxic Event: Encyclopedia - Anoxic Event
An anoxic event occurs when the Earth's oceans become completely depleted of O2 below the surface levels. Anoxic event - Occurrence. Ano...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apterygota: Encyclopedia - Apterygota
Apterygota is a subclass of insects that are small agile insects, distinguised from other insects by their lack of wings now and in their...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Allegany County New York: Encyclopedia - Allegany County New York
Allegany County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of 2000, the population is 49,927. Its name derives from a Delaware...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Archaeognatha: Encyclopedia - Archaeognatha
The Archaeognatha are known as the bristletails, so named because of their three-pronged tails. An alternate name is the Microcoryphia fr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Adam Sedgwick: Encyclopedia - Adam Sedgwick
Adam Sedgwick (March 22, 1785 – January 27, 1873) was one of the founders of modern geology. He proposed the Devonian period of the geo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mammal: Encyclopedia - Mammal
The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals characterized by the presence of mammary glands, which in females produce milk for the no...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Insect: Encyclopedia - Insect
Insects are invertebrate animals of the Class Insecta, the largest and (on land) most widely distributed taxon within the Phylum Arthropo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acanthodii: Encyclopedia - Acanthodii
Climatiiformes Ischnacanthiformes Acanthodiformes Acanthodii (sometimes called spiny sharks) is a class of extinct fishes, having feature...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acritarch: Encyclopedia - Acritarch
Acritarchs are small organic structures found as fossils. In general, any small, non-acid soluble (i.e. non carbonate, non-silicate) orga...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Archaeopteris: Encyclopedia - Archaeopteris
Archaeopteris is an extinct genus of tree-like ferns that many scientists believe to be the first tree. A useful index fossil, this tree ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coelacanth: Encyclopedia - Coelacanth
Conservation status: Endangered Latimeria chalumnae Latimeria menadoensis Coelacanth (meaning "hollow spine" in Greek; IPA: /ˈsiːləˌk...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1 E16 S: Encyclopedia - 1 E16 S
To help compare orders of magnitude of different times this page lists times between 1016 seconds (320 million years) and 1017 seconds (3...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baltica: Encyclopedia - Baltica
Baltica is the craton beneath northwestern Eurasia. Occasionally, Baltica was an independent continent. This is a brief history of Baltic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yosemite National Park: Encyclopedia - Yosemite National Park
Yosemite National Park (pronounced "Yo-SEM-it-tee", IPA [joʊˈsɛməti]) is a national park largely in Mariposa County, and Tuolumne Cou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carboniferous: Encyclopedia - Carboniferous
The Carboniferous is a major division of the geologic timescale that extends from the end of the Devonian period, about 359.2 Ma (million...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chert: Encyclopedia - Chert
Chert is a fine-grained silica-rich cryptocrystalline sedimentary rock that may contain small fossils. It varies greatly in color from wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vertebrate Paleontology: Encyclopedia - Vertebrate Paleontology
Vertebrate paleontology seeks to discover the behavior, reproduction and appearance of extinct spined animals, through the study of their...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Crinoid: Encyclopedia - Crinoid
Articulata Cladida (extinct) Flexibilia (extinct) Camerata (extinct) Disparida (extinct) Crinoids, also known as "sea lilies" or "feather...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cornwall: Encyclopedia - Cornwall
Cornwall (Cornish: Kernow) is a county on England's south west peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar. In the 20th century th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caledonian Orogeny: Encyclopedia - Caledonian Orogeny
The Caledonian orogeny is a mountain building event recorded in the mountains and hills of northern England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baragwanathia: Encyclopedia - Baragwanathia
Baragwanathia Lang & Cookson 1935 A genus of extinct plants of the Division Lycopodiophyta of Late Silurian to Early Devonian age, fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Avalonia: Encyclopedia - Avalonia
Avalonia was an ancient microcontinent or terrane. The name is derived from the Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland. Avalonia - Source. In ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caithness: Encyclopedia - Caithness
Caithness (Gallaibh in Gaelic)[1] is a traditional county of Scotland. The county had its own county council from 1890 to 1975, and the n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Australian Capital Territory: Encyclopedia - Australian Capital Territory
The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) is the capital territory of the Commonwealth of Australia and Australia's smallest self-governing ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Agnatha: Encyclopedia - Agnatha
Myxini (hagfish) Hyperoartia Petromyzontidae (lampreys) Pteraspidomorphi Thelodonti Anaspida Cephalaspidomorphi Galeaspida Pituriaspida O...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scorpion: Encyclopedia - Scorpion
Pseudochactoidea Buthoidea Chaeriloidea Chactoidea Iuroidea Scorpionoidea See the classification section for families. A scorpion is an i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Silurian: Encyclopedia - Silurian
The Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that extends from the end of the Ordovician period, about 443.7 Ma (million ye...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Plant: Encyclopedia - Plant
Plants are a major group of living things (about 300,000 species), including familiar organisms such as trees, flowers, herbs, and ferns....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pineal Gland: Encyclopedia - Pineal Gland
The pineal gland or epiphysis, is a small endocrine gland. It is located near the center of the brain, between the two hemispheres, tucke...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coral: Encyclopedia - Coral
Scleractinia Corals are gastrovascular marine cnidarians (phylum Cnidaria; class Anthozoa) existing as small sea anemone-like polyps, typ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sponge: Encyclopedia - Sponge
Calcarea Hexactinellida Demospongiae The sponges or poriferans (from Latin porus "pore" and ferre "to bear") are animals of the phylum P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Triassic: Encyclopedia - Triassic
The Triassic is a geologic period that extends from about 245 to 202 Ma (million years ago). As the first period of the Mesozoic Era, the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Extinction Event: Encyclopedia Ii - Extinction Event - Extinction Events
The classical "Big Five" mass extinctions identified by Raup and Sepkoski (1982) are widely agreed upon as some of the most significant:...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Renewable Energy: Encyclopedia Ii - Renewable Energy - Modern Sources Of Renewable Energy
Renewable energy - Wind energy. Main article: Wind power As the sun heats up the Earth unevenly, winds are formed. The kinetic energ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Renewable Energy: Encyclopedia Ii - Renewable Energy - Modern Sources Of Renewable Energy
Renewable energy - Wind energy. As the sun heats up the Earth unevenly, winds are formed. The kinetic energy in the wind can be used to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Triassic: Encyclopedia Ii - Triassic - Triassic Lifeforms
In the Triassic, three categories of organisms can be distinguished: holdovers from the Permian-Triassic extinction, some new groups whic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hemer: Encyclopedia Ii - Hemer - History
Hemer was first mentioned in 1072 with its old name Hademare in a document from the bishop Anno II. of Cologne. Among the lands given to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Insect: Encyclopedia Ii - Insect - Morphology And Development
Insects range in size from less than a millimeter to over 18 centimeters (some walkingsticks) in length. Insects possess segmented bodies...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yosemite National Park: Encyclopedia Ii - Yosemite National Park - Geography
Yosemite National Park is located in the central Sierra Nevada of California. It takes 3.5 hours to drive to the park from San Francisco ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of India: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of India - Geological Phases
The major geological phases responsible for making of india can be enumerated thus: The first phase is marked by the cooling and solidifi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Global Boundary Stratotype Section And Point: Encyclopedia Ii - Global Boundary Stratotype Section And Point - Agreed-upon Gssps
The Precambrian-Cambrian boundary GSSP at Fortune Head, Newfoundland is a typical GSSP. It is accessible by paved road and is set aside a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Devon: Encyclopedia Ii - Devon - History
Devon was one of the first areas of England settled following the end of the last ice age. Dartmoor is thought to have been settled by Me...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cornwall: Encyclopedia Ii - Cornwall - Culture
Cornwall - Language. Main article: Cornish language The Cornish language is closely related to Welsh and Breton, and less so to Irish...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cornwall: Encyclopedia Ii - Cornwall - Culture
Cornwall - Language. The Cornish language is closely related to Welsh and Breton, and less so to Irish, Scots Gaelic and Manx. It conti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Le Roy Town New York: Encyclopedia Ii - Le Roy Town New York - Demographics
As of the census2 of 2000, there are 7,790 people, 3,037 households, and 2,034 families residing in the town. The population density is 7...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - London-brabant Island: Encyclopedia Ii - London-brabant Island - The Carboniferous
The period from which the island has exercised most influence on modern Europe was the Carboniferous. As the continent was drifting past ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genesee River: Encyclopedia Ii - Genesee River - History
The Genesee River Valley westward to Lake Erie and the Niagara River was the homeland of the Seneca Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy, a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sea Urchin: Encyclopedia Ii - Sea Urchin - Geological History
The earliest known echinoids are found in the rocks of the upper part of the Ordovician period, and they have survived to the present day...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Allegany County New York: Encyclopedia Ii - Allegany County New York - History
When counties were established in New York State in 1683, the present Allegany County was part of Albany County. This was an enormous cou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Irreducible Complexity: Encyclopedia Ii - Irreducible Complexity - Criticisms Of Irreducible Complexity
There has been much scientific opposition to the irreducible complexity, with one science writer calling it a "full-blown intellectual su...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Renewable Energy: Encyclopedia Ii - Renewable Energy - Modern Sources Of Renewable Energy
Renewable energy - Wind energy. Main articles: Wind power, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]]< ... See also:Renewable ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sponge: Encyclopedia Ii - Sponge - Anatomy
Sponges comprise only four types of cells: Choanocytes (also known as "collar cells"), which line the spongocoel and function as the spo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Frog: Encyclopedia Ii - Frog - Characteristics
Because of the great diversity of frogs (over 4000 species), many characteristics are not shared throughout all of the species. However, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hemer: Encyclopedia Ii - Hemer - History
Hemer was first mentioned in 1072 with its old name Hademare in a document from the bishop Anno II. of Cologne. Among the lands given to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pineal Gland: Encyclopedia Ii - Pineal Gland - Structure And Composition
The pineal gland consists mainly of pinealocytes, but four other cell types have been identified: interstitial cells, perivascular phagoc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of The Alps: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of The Alps - Historical Views Of Alpine Geology
The Alps form but a small portion of a great zone of crumpling mountain ranges that stretch in a series of curves from the Atlas Mountain...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mammal: Encyclopedia Ii - Mammal - Classification
Main article: Mammal classification George Gaylord Simpson's classic "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals" (AMNH...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Northumberland: Encyclopedia Ii - Northumberland - History
Once part of the Roman Empire and the scene of many wars between England and Scotland, Northumberland has a long and complicated history....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mnemonic: Encyclopedia Ii - Mnemonic - Examples Of Simple Mnemonics
One common mnemonic device for remembering lists consists of an easily remembered word, phrase, or rhyme whose initials or other characte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nautiloid: Encyclopedia Ii - Nautiloid - Evolutionary History
Nautiloids are first known from the late Cambrian Fengshan Formation of northeastern China, where they seem to have been quite diverse (a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geography Of The United Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Geography Of The United Kingdom - Physical Geography
The physical geography of the UK varies greatly. It includes the chalk cliffs of Kent and Dorset, the rolling hills and fields of southea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caithness: Encyclopedia Ii - Caithness - Geography
Caithness extends about 40 miles (64 kilometres) north-south and about 30 miles (50 km) east-west. The general aspect of Caithness, which...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Plant: Encyclopedia Ii - Plant - Embryophytes
Most familiar are the multicellular land plants, called embryophytes. They include the vascular plants, plants with full systems of leave...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Extinction Event: Encyclopedia Ii - Extinction Event - Extinction Events
The classical "Big Five" mass extinctions identified by Raup and Sepkoski (1982) are widely agreed upon as some of the most significant: ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Michigan: Encyclopedia Ii - Michigan - History
Michigan was home to various Native American tribes for centuries before the arrival of Europeans. When the first European explorers arri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Silurian: Encyclopedia Ii - Silurian - Silurian Subdivisions
The Silurian is usually broken into lower ( Llandovery and Wenlock) and upper ( Ludlow and Pridoli) subdivisions (epochs). Nevertheless, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of The Yosemite Area: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of The Yosemite Area - Cenozoic Activity
Geology of the Yosemite area - Volcanism. Starting 20 million years ago and lasting until 5 million years ago a now-extinct extension o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ichthyostega: Encyclopedia Ii - Ichthyostega - Adaptations For Land-life
Primitive amphibians like Ichthyostega and Acanthostega differed from animals like Crossopterygians (for instance Eusthenopteron or Pande...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of The British Isles: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of The British Isles - Geological History
Geology of the British Isles - Proterozoic Era. The Gneisses, the oldest rocks in Britain or Ireland, date from at least 2,700 Ma (Ma =...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of The Grand Canyon Area: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of The Grand Canyon Area - Deposition Of Sediments
Some important terms: A formation is a rock unit that has one or more sediment beds, and a member is a minor unit in a formation. Groups ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of The Death Valley Area: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of The Death Valley Area - Table Of Formations
This table of formations exposed in the Death Valley area lists and describes the exposed formations of the Death Valley National Park an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mendip Hills: Encyclopedia Ii - Mendip Hills - Geology
The hills are home to a number of limestone features, including caves (Wookey Hole), limestone pavements, and a number of gorges, most fa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Marchantiophyta: Encyclopedia Ii - Marchantiophyta - Classification
In ancient times, it was believed that liverworts cured diseases of the liver, hence the name. In Old English, the word liverwort literal...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Trilobite: Encyclopedia Ii - Trilobite - Physical Description
The bodies of trilobites are divided into three parts (tagmata): a cephalon (head), composed of the two preoral and first four postoral s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tuff: Encyclopedia Ii - Tuff - Breccias
Among the loose beds of ash that cover the slopes of many volcanoes, three classes of materials are represented. In addition to true ashe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scorpion: Encyclopedia Ii - Scorpion - Classification
This classification is based on that of Soleglad & Fet (2003) [2].which replaced the older, unpublished classification of Stockwell [...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Taconic Orogeny: Encyclopedia Ii - Taconic Orogeny - Aftermath Of The Taconic Orogeny
As the Taconic Orogeny subsided in early Silurian time, uplifts and folds in the Hudson Valley region were beveled by erosion. Upon this ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ammonite: Encyclopedia Ii - Ammonite - Shell Anatomy And Diversity
Ammonite - Basic shell anatomy. The chambered part of the ammonite shell is called a phragmocone. The phragmocone contains a series of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemung River: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemung River - History
In the colonial times the river valley was a major trade route through the hill country of western New York, first for the Iroquois and o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sea Star: Encyclopedia Ii - Sea Star - Internal Anatomy
Inside the sea star underneath the hepatic caeca are the gonads which are involved in reproduction. The space inside the body not occupie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prehistoric Scotland: Encyclopedia Ii - Prehistoric Scotland - The Deep Prehistory Of Scotland
Scotland is geologically alien to Europe, comprising a lost sliver of the ancient continent of Laurentia (which later formed the bulk of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Trace Fossil: Encyclopedia Ii - Trace Fossil - Examples
Trace fossils are found in abundance in rocks from the upper part of the Vendian period, some 550 million years ago, with the earliest oc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anoxic Event: Encyclopedia Ii - Anoxic Event - Mechanism
The mechanism by which anoxic events occur is still very poorly understood. It is believed that, with the oceans very warm, and, in the c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tetrapod: Encyclopedia Ii - Tetrapod - Anatomy
Tetrapod - Anatomical features of early tetrapods. The amphibian's ancestral fish must have possessed similar traits to those inherited...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Great Story: Encyclopedia Ii - The Great Story - The Great Story Timeline Condensed
The Great Story - A Different Visualization of the Great Story. 13,700 mya: Great Radiance - beginning of the universe (13.7 billion y...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Crook County Oregon: Encyclopedia Ii - Crook County Oregon - Geography
The county is located in the geographic center of Oregon. It has a total area of 7,737 km² (2,987 mi²). 7,717 km² (2,979 mi²) of it i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Watkins Glen State Park: Encyclopedia Ii - Watkins Glen State Park - Activities And Services
The park features a trail by which one can climb or descend the gorge. Hundreds of stone steps climb over, under, and along the waterfall...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cornwall: Encyclopedia Ii - Cornwall - Culture
Cornwall - Language. Main articles: Cornish language, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]], and [[]] ... See also:Cornwall, Cornwall - Histor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coelacanth: Encyclopedia Ii - Coelacanth - Discovery
Coelacanth - First find in South Africa. The first hint that western scientists had of a modern, living coelacanth existed was when Mar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Adam Sedgwick: Encyclopedia Ii - Adam Sedgwick - Early Work
Sedgwick was one of several great figures in what has been called the Heroic Age of geology -- the time when the great geological time pe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Triassic: Encyclopedia Ii - Triassic - Lifeforms
In the Triassic, three categories of organisms can be distinguished: holdovers from the Permian-Triassic extinction, some new groups whic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tetrapod: Encyclopedia Ii - Tetrapod - Anatomical Features Of Early Tetrapods
The amphibian's ancestral fish must have possessed similar traits to those inherited by the early amphibians, including internal nostrils...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Paleobotany: Encyclopedia Ii - Paleobotany - Overview Of The Paleobotanical Record
Macroscopic remains of true vascular plants are first found in the fossil record during the Silurian Period. Some dispersed, fragmentary ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amphibian: Encyclopedia Ii - Amphibian - History Of Amphibians
Amphibians developed with the characteristics of pharyngeal slits/gills, a dorsal nerve cord, a notochord, and a post-anal tail at differ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Archaeopteris: Encyclopedia Ii - Archaeopteris - Habitat
Evidence indicates that Archaeopteris preferred wet soils, growing close to river systems and in flood plain woodlands. It would have for...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sauerland: Encyclopedia Ii - Sauerland - History
The name Sauerland does not originate from the German word sauer meaning sour, but from the word sur from medieval Low German, meaning so...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caithness: Encyclopedia Ii - Caithness - Caithness Constituency
The Caithness constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom represented essentially the county from 1708 t...   » Read the article