Demographics of Indonesia

Population: 241,973,879 (July 2005 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 29.1% (male 35,823,456; female 34,590,631) 15-64 years: 65.7% (male 79,447,560; female 79,449,399) 65 years and over: 5.2% (male 5,526,389; female 7,136,444) (2005 est.) Population growth rate: 1.45% (2005 est.) Birth rate: 20.71 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) Death rate: 6.25 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) Net ...

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Demographics of Indonesia, Demographics of Indonesia - Population data, Demographics of Indonesia - Ethnic groups, Demographics of Indonesia - Religions, Demographics of Indonesia - Languages, Demographics of Indonesia - Literacy

Read more here: » Demographics of Indonesia: Encyclopedia II - Demographics of Indonesia - Population data

This article is about the culture of Indonesia. Indonesia includes numerous related but distinct cultural and linguistic groups, many of which are ethnically Malay. Culture of Indonesia - Arts. Some art forms in Indonesia have been influenced by several cultures. The famous Javanese and Balinese dances, for example, contain aspects of Hindu culture and mythology. But as a matter of fact, the diversity of Indonesian culture has come as a result of a long process of acculturation between the original c ...

Including:

• Culture of Indonesia - Arts
• Culture of Indonesia - Music
• Culture of Indonesia - Literature
• Culture of Indonesia - Poetry
• Culture of Indonesia - By geography
• Culture of Indonesia - Bali
• Culture of Indonesia - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Culture of Indonesia: Encyclopedia - Culture of Indonesia

Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) is the official language of Indonesia. Indonesian is a standardized dialect of the Malay language that was officially defined with the declaration of Indonesian independence in 1945, and the two languages remain quite similar. The language is spoken fluently as a second language by most Indonesians, who use a regional language (examples are Minangkabau and Javanese) at home and in their local community. Most formal education, as well as nearly all ...

Including:

• Indonesian language - History
• Indonesian language - Classification
• Indonesian language - Geographic distribution
• Indonesian language - Official status
• Indonesian language - Sounds
• Indonesian language - Grammar
• Indonesian language - Vocabulary
• Indonesian language - Writing system

Read more here: » Indonesian language: Encyclopedia - Indonesian language

Indonesian Chinese - Pre-independence History. Race relations between Indonesian Chinese and native Indonesians have always been problematic. Some commentators trace this to the Dutch era when colonial policy favoured ethnic Chinese - and in so doing established their economic dominance over the region. The caste system established by the Dutch also made it disadvantageous for ethnic Chinese (and members of other races) to assimilate into the native population: this would mean being put in the third estate, the l ...

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Indonesian Chinese, Indonesian Chinese - Demographics, Indonesian Chinese - Origins, Indonesian Chinese - Ethnic concentrations, Indonesian Chinese - History, Indonesian Chinese - Pre-independence History, Indonesian Chinese - Post-independence and New Order Era, Indonesian Chinese - Recent History

Read more here: » Indonesian Chinese: Encyclopedia II - Indonesian Chinese - History

The policy was started by the Dutch colonial government in the early nineteenth century to reduce crowding and to provide a workforce for plantations on Sumatra. The program diminished during the last years of the Dutch era, but was revived after independence in an attempt to alleviate the food shortages and weak economic performance that were a major feature of the Sukarno era. Under the President Suharto, the program continued and was expanded to send migrants to more areas of the archipelago. At its peak between 1979 and 1984, 535, ...

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Transmigration program, Transmigration program - History, Transmigration program - Aims, Transmigration program - Criticism

Read more here: » Transmigration program: Encyclopedia II - Transmigration program - History

Some art forms in Indonesia have been influenced by several cultures. The famous Javanese and Balinese dances, for example, contain aspects of Hindu culture and mythology. But as a matter of fact, the diversity of Indonesian culture has come as a result of a long process of acculturation between the original customs and myriad of influences. Also well-known are the Javanese and Balinese wayang kulit Shadow puppet theatre shows, displaying several mythological events. Several Islands are famous for their batik and ikat cloth. Culture of Indonesia - Music. See also:

Culture of Indonesia, Culture of Indonesia - Arts, Culture of Indonesia - Music, Culture of Indonesia - Literature, Culture of Indonesia - Poetry, Culture of Indonesia - By geography, Culture of Indonesia - Bali, Culture of Indonesia - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Culture of Indonesia: Encyclopedia II - Culture of Indonesia - Arts

Indonesian as a modern dialect of Malay has borrowed heavily from many languages, among others: Sanskrit, Arabic, Portuguese, Dutch, Chinese and many other languages, including other Austronesian languages. It is estimated that there are some 750 Sanskrit loanwords in modern Indonesian, 1000 Arabic (Persian and some Hebrew) ones, some 125 Portuguese (also Spanish and Italian) ones and a staggering number of some 10,000 loanwords from Dutch. The latter also comprises many words from other European languages, which came via Dutch, the so-called "International Vocabulary". The vast majority of Indonesian words, however, come from th ...

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Indonesian language, Indonesian language - History, Indonesian language - Classification, Indonesian language - Geographic distribution, Indonesian language - Official status, Indonesian language - Sounds, Indonesian language - Grammar, Indonesian language - Vocabulary, Indonesian language - Writing system

Read more here: » Indonesian language: Encyclopedia II - Indonesian language - Vocabulary

The region specific slangs are arranged in alphabetical order. Indonesian slang language - Bandung slang. Bandung, is the city in west java with predominantly Sundanese culture. Sundanese language has three levels: High (polite), Normal, and Low (rough and impolite). Bandung slang mostly uses derivative of Low Sundanese words such as Aing, Maneh, etc. One distinct characteristic in Bandung slang grammar is generous insertion of the word Anjing in a sentence. The word Anjing means Dog or Bitch, but its ...

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Indonesian slang language, Indonesian slang language - History, Indonesian slang language - Classification, Indonesian slang language - Geographic distribution, Indonesian slang language - Official status, Indonesian slang language - Sounds, Indonesian slang language - Grammar, Indonesian slang language - Vocabulary, Indonesian slang language - General words and phrases, Indonesian slang language - Particles, Indonesian slang language - Sexual slangs, Indonesian slang language - Swear words, Indonesian slang language - Vocabulary evolution, Indonesian slang language - Before 1980s, Indonesian slang language - 1980s, Indonesian slang language - 1990s, Indonesian slang language - 2000s, Indonesian slang language - Region specific slangs, Indonesian slang language - Bandung slang, Indonesian slang language - General Central Java slang, Indonesian slang language - Jakarta slang, Indonesian slang language - Malang slang, Indonesian slang language - Manado slang, Indonesian slang language - Medan slang, Indonesian slang language - Jambi & Palembang slang, Indonesian slang language - Pontianak slang, Indonesian slang language - Surabaya slang

Read more here: » Indonesian slang language: Encyclopedia II - Indonesian slang language - Region specific slangs

Indonesian slang language is mainly spoken in urban areas. There are different variations of slang language depending on which city one lives, mainly characterised by derivatives of different local ethnic languages. For example, in Bandung, West Java, the slang language contains vocabulary from Sundanese language (See "Region Specific Slang" below). Indonesian slang language - Official status. Indonesian slang language is not the official language of Indone ...

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Indonesian slang language, Indonesian slang language - History, Indonesian slang language - Classification, Indonesian slang language - Geographic distribution, Indonesian slang language - Official status, Indonesian slang language - Sounds, Indonesian slang language - Grammar, Indonesian slang language - Vocabulary, Indonesian slang language - General words and phrases, Indonesian slang language - Particles, Indonesian slang language - Sexual slangs, Indonesian slang language - Swear words, Indonesian slang language - Vocabulary evolution, Indonesian slang language - Before 1980s, Indonesian slang language - 1980s, Indonesian slang language - 1990s, Indonesian slang language - 2000s, Indonesian slang language - Region specific slangs, Indonesian slang language - Bandung slang, Indonesian slang language - General Central Java slang, Indonesian slang language - Jakarta slang, Indonesian slang language - Malang slang, Indonesian slang language - Manado slang, Indonesian slang language - Medan slang, Indonesian slang language - Jambi & Palembang slang, Indonesian slang language - Pontianak slang, Indonesian slang language - Surabaya slang

Read more here: » Indonesian slang language: Encyclopedia II - Indonesian slang language - Geographic distribution

The way Indonesian slang language is pronounced is the same as Indonesian language. Words borrowed from other language such as English or Dutch are transliterated in Indonesian pronunciation, for example, 'Please' written as Plis, and 'Married' written as Merit. For more examples, see SEASite guide to pronunciation of Indonesian. ...

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Indonesian slang language, Indonesian slang language - History, Indonesian slang language - Classification, Indonesian slang language - Geographic distribution, Indonesian slang language - Official status, Indonesian slang language - Sounds, Indonesian slang language - Grammar, Indonesian slang language - Vocabulary, Indonesian slang language - General words and phrases, Indonesian slang language - Particles, Indonesian slang language - Sexual slangs, Indonesian slang language - Swear words, Indonesian slang language - Vocabulary evolution, Indonesian slang language - Before 1980s, Indonesian slang language - 1980s, Indonesian slang language - 1990s, Indonesian slang language - 2000s, Indonesian slang language - Region specific slangs, Indonesian slang language - Bandung slang, Indonesian slang language - General Central Java slang, Indonesian slang language - Jakarta slang, Indonesian slang language - Malang slang, Indonesian slang language - Manado slang, Indonesian slang language - Medan slang, Indonesian slang language - Jambi & Palembang slang, Indonesian slang language - Pontianak slang, Indonesian slang language - Surabaya slang

Read more here: » Indonesian slang language: Encyclopedia II - Indonesian slang language - Sounds

Indonesian slang language - Before 1980s. List of words and phrases commonly used in the 1980s: Kumpul Kebo - Living together but not married, as in domestic partners Bau Tanah - Old, Dying, Close to the end of use Indonesian slang language - 1980s. 1980s is the era of bahasa prokem. In this era, slang language vocabulary was formed by inserting '-ok-' at the first syllable of a wo ...

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Indonesian slang language, Indonesian slang language - History, Indonesian slang language - Classification, Indonesian slang language - Geographic distribution, Indonesian slang language - Official status, Indonesian slang language - Sounds, Indonesian slang language - Grammar, Indonesian slang language - Vocabulary, Indonesian slang language - General words and phrases, Indonesian slang language - Particles, Indonesian slang language - Sexual slangs, Indonesian slang language - Swear words, Indonesian slang language - Vocabulary evolution, Indonesian slang language - Before 1980s, Indonesian slang language - 1980s, Indonesian slang language - 1990s, Indonesian slang language - 2000s, Indonesian slang language - Region specific slangs, Indonesian slang language - Bandung slang, Indonesian slang language - General Central Java slang, Indonesian slang language - Jakarta slang, Indonesian slang language - Malang slang, Indonesian slang language - Manado slang, Indonesian slang language - Medan slang, Indonesian slang language - Jambi & Palembang slang, Indonesian slang language - Pontianak slang, Indonesian slang language - Surabaya slang

Read more here: » Indonesian slang language: Encyclopedia II - Indonesian slang language - Vocabulary evolution

Indonesian slang language structure is derived mainly from formal Indonesian language. Its vocabulary expands from a combination of derivatives or borrowing from other languages such as Hokkien, English, Dutch, or local ethnic languages such as Betawi, Sundanese, or Javanese. In many cases however, the vocabulary is not derived from anywhere at all. According to Nyoman Riasa, some of the slang language vocabulary was transformed from formal Indonesian language through several way: Nasalisation of active verb and adding -i ...

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Indonesian slang language, Indonesian slang language - History, Indonesian slang language - Classification, Indonesian slang language - Geographic distribution, Indonesian slang language - Official status, Indonesian slang language - Sounds, Indonesian slang language - Grammar, Indonesian slang language - Vocabulary, Indonesian slang language - General words and phrases, Indonesian slang language - Particles, Indonesian slang language - Sexual slangs, Indonesian slang language - Swear words, Indonesian slang language - Vocabulary evolution, Indonesian slang language - Before 1980s, Indonesian slang language - 1980s, Indonesian slang language - 1990s, Indonesian slang language - 2000s, Indonesian slang language - Region specific slangs, Indonesian slang language - Bandung slang, Indonesian slang language - General Central Java slang, Indonesian slang language - Jakarta slang, Indonesian slang language - Malang slang, Indonesian slang language - Manado slang, Indonesian slang language - Medan slang, Indonesian slang language - Jambi & Palembang slang, Indonesian slang language - Pontianak slang, Indonesian slang language - Surabaya slang

Read more here: » Indonesian slang language: Encyclopedia II - Indonesian slang language - Vocabulary

Indonesian slang language is an informal branch of Indonesian language. Its native name bahasa gaul means 'language for socialization', as gaul means 'to be socialised'. This terms is coined in late 1990s. Whereas bahasa prokem, which was coined in early 1980s, means 'language of gangsters or free-man', as prokem is a slang form of preman derived from ...

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Indonesian slang language, Indonesian slang language - History, Indonesian slang language - Classification, Indonesian slang language - Geographic distribution, Indonesian slang language - Official status, Indonesian slang language - Sounds, Indonesian slang language - Grammar, Indonesian slang language - Vocabulary, Indonesian slang language - General words and phrases, Indonesian slang language - Particles, Indonesian slang language - Sexual slangs, Indonesian slang language - Swear words, Indonesian slang language - Vocabulary evolution, Indonesian slang language - Before 1980s, Indonesian slang language - 1980s, Indonesian slang language - 1990s, Indonesian slang language - 2000s, Indonesian slang language - Region specific slangs, Indonesian slang language - Bandung slang, Indonesian slang language - General Central Java slang, Indonesian slang language - Jakarta slang, Indonesian slang language - Malang slang, Indonesian slang language - Manado slang, Indonesian slang language - Medan slang, Indonesian slang language - Jambi & Palembang slang, Indonesian slang language - Pontianak slang, Indonesian slang language - Surabaya slang

Read more here: » Indonesian slang language: Encyclopedia II - Indonesian slang language - History

There are six pure vowel sounds: a /ɑ/, e /e/, i /i/, o /ɔ/, u /u/, the schwa /ə/ which is also spelled e; and three diphthongs (ai, au, oi). The consonantic phonemes are rendered by the letters p, b, t, d, k, g, ...

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Indonesian language, Indonesian language - History, Indonesian language - Classification, Indonesian language - Geographic distribution, Indonesian language - Official status, Indonesian language - Sounds, Indonesian language - Grammar, Indonesian language - Vocabulary, Indonesian language - Writing system

Read more here: » Indonesian language: Encyclopedia II - Indonesian language - Sounds

The economic activities and wealth of the Chinese community in Indonesia is hugely diverse; many are farmers and small-scale merchants, and others are businessmen. Most are identified as ethnic Chinese in official documents, but many are not, for a variety of reasons. In many parts of Indonesia, however, they are represented among the wealthier classes out of proportion with their small numbers. According to a survey of corporations listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange, the Indonesian Chinese community was thought to own or operate a large f ...

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Indonesian Chinese, Indonesian Chinese - Demographics, Indonesian Chinese - Origins, Indonesian Chinese - Ethnic concentrations, Indonesian Chinese - History, Indonesian Chinese - Pre-independence History, Indonesian Chinese - Post-independence and New Order Era, Indonesian Chinese - Recent History

Read more here: » Indonesian Chinese: Encyclopedia II - Indonesian Chinese - Demographics

Bahasa Indonesia is a normative form of the Malay language, an Austronesian (or Malayo-Polynesian) language which had been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for centuries, and was elevated to the status of official language with the Indonesian declaration of independence in 1945, drawing inspiration from the Sumpah Pemuda (Youth's Oath) event in 1928. It is very similar to the official Malaysian form of the language. However it does differ from the Malaysian form in some ways, with differences in pronunciation and also in vocabulary, due in large part to the ...

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Indonesian language, Indonesian language - History, Indonesian language - Classification, Indonesian language - Geographic distribution, Indonesian language - Official status, Indonesian language - Sounds, Indonesian language - Grammar, Indonesian language - Vocabulary, Indonesian language - Writing system

Read more here: » Indonesian language: Encyclopedia II - Indonesian language - History

Compared to European languages, Indonesian has a strikingly small use of grammatically gendered words; the same word is used for he and she or for his and her. Most of the words that refer to people (family terms, professions, etc.) have a form that does not distinguish between the sexes; for example, adik can both refer to a (younger) brother or sister; no distinction is made between girlfriend and boyfriend. In order to specify gender, an adjective has to be added: adik laki-laki corr ...

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Indonesian language, Indonesian language - History, Indonesian language - Classification, Indonesian language - Geographic distribution, Indonesian language - Official status, Indonesian language - Sounds, Indonesian language - Grammar, Indonesian language - Vocabulary, Indonesian language - Writing system

Read more here: » Indonesian language: Encyclopedia II - Indonesian language - Grammar

Indonesian is written using the Latin alphabet. It is more phonetically consistent than many languages—the correspondence between sounds and their written forms is generally regular. One common source of confusion for foreign readers, particularly when reading place names, is the spelling changes in the language that have occurred since Indonesian independence. Commonly-used changes include: The first of these changes (oe to u) occurred around the time of independence in 1947; all of the others were a part of an ...

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Indonesian language, Indonesian language - History, Indonesian language - Classification, Indonesian language - Geographic distribution, Indonesian language - Official status, Indonesian language - Sounds, Indonesian language - Grammar, Indonesian language - Vocabulary, Indonesian language - Writing system

Read more here: » Indonesian language: Encyclopedia II - Indonesian language - Writing system

Indonesia's transmigration program was the target of extensive opposition, particularly from indigenous populations in the regions where transmigrants settled. Some foreign and domestic observers also criticized the program's intentions or implementation. Many indigenous people saw the program as a part of an effort by the central government on Java to extend greater economic and political control over their region, by moving in people having closer personal ties to Java. This was particularly resented in areas such as Papua that had ...

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Transmigration program, Transmigration program - History, Transmigration program - Aims, Transmigration program - Criticism

Read more here: » Transmigration program: Encyclopedia II - Transmigration program - Criticism

The stated purpose of the program, according to proponents in the Indonesian government and the development community, was to move millions of Indonesians from the densely populated inner islands (Java, Bali, Madura) to the outer, less densely populated islands to achieve a more balanced population density. This would alleviate poverty by providing land and new opportunities to generate income for poor landless settlers. It would also benefit the nation as a whole by increasing the utilization of the ...

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Transmigration program, Transmigration program - History, Transmigration program - Aims, Transmigration program - Criticism

Read more here: » Transmigration program: Encyclopedia II - Transmigration program - Aims