The term democracy - or more precisely, the original (ancient Greek) version of the word - was coined in ancient Athens in the 5th century BC. Athenian democracy is generally seen as the earliest example of a system corresponding to some of the modern notions of democratic rule. Only a sixth or a quarter of the whole (adult male) population of Athens could vote; but this was a bar of nationality, like the present German franchise, not of economic status: however poor they were, all Athenian citizens ...

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Democracy, Democracy - Democratic Government, Democracy - History of democracy, Democracy - 20th century waves of democracy, Democracy - Essential elements of a democracy, Democracy - Political legitimacy and 'democratic culture', Democracy - Direct versus representative democracy or 'democracy' versus 'republic', Democracy - Liberal democracy, Democracy - Preconditions and structure, Democracy - Liberal freedoms, Democracy - Proportional versus majoritarian representation, Democracy - Social democracy, Democracy - Illiberal democracy, Democracy - Advantages and disadvantages of democracy, Democracy - Immigrants and 'the people', Democracy - Ethnic and religious conflicts, Democracy - Bureaucracy, Democracy - Short-term focus, Democracy - Electorate Intelligence, Democracy - Public choice theory, Democracy - Plutocracy, Democracy - Tyranny of the majority, Democracy - Political stability, Democracy - Effective response in wartime, Democracy - Corruption, Democracy - Poverty and famine, Democracy - The democratic peace theory, Democracy - Sources

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Democracy, Democracy - Democratic Government, Democracy - History of democracy, Democracy - 20th century waves of democracy, Democracy - Essential elements of a democracy, Democracy - Four Conceptions of Democracy, Democracy - Political legitimacy and 'democratic culture', Democracy - Direct versus representative democracy or democracy versus republic, Democracy - Liberal democracy, Democracy - Preconditions and structure, Democracy - Liberal freedoms, Democracy - Proportional versus majoritarian representation, Democracy - Social democracy, Democracy - Illiberal democracy, Democracy - Advantages and disadvantages of democracy, Democracy - Ethnic and religious conflicts, Democracy - Bureaucracy, Democracy - Short-term focus, Democracy - Electorate Intelligence, Democracy - Public choice theory, Democracy - Plutocracy, Democracy - Tyranny of the majority, Democracy - Political stability, Democracy - Effective response in wartime, Democracy - Corruption, Democracy - Poverty and famine, Democracy - The democratic peace theory, Democracy - General skepticism of democracy, Democracy - Sources

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Direct democracy was first experimented with in the ancient Athenian democracy of ancient Greece (beginning circa 508 BC (Finley, 1973)), which was governed for two centuries by a general assembly of all male citizens, by randomly selected officials, and ten annually elected representatives charged to command the army of the city (strategos. The restrictive conditions for citizenship in Athenian democracy (only male citizens could participate) and the small size (about 300,000) of the Athens city-state minimized the logistical diffi ...

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Direct democracy, Direct democracy - History, Direct democracy - Electronic direct democracy, Direct democracy - Arguments for direct democracy, Direct democracy - Arguments against direct democracy, Direct democracy - Direct democracy in Switzerland, Direct democracy - Direct democracy in the United States, Direct democracy - Direct democracy in Canada

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Direct democracy was first experimented with in the ancient Athenian democracy of ancient Greece (beginning circa 508 BC (Finley, 1973)), which was governed for two centuries by a general assembly of all male citizens, by randomly selected officials, and ten annually elected representatives charged to command the army of the city (strategos). The restrictive conditions for citizenship in Athenian democracy (only male citizens could participate) and the small size (about 300,000) of the Athens city-state minimized the logistical diffi ...

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Direct democracy, Direct democracy - History, Direct democracy - Electronic direct democracy, Direct democracy - Arguments for direct democracy, Direct democracy - Arguments against direct democracy, Direct democracy - Direct democracy in Switzerland, Direct democracy - Direct democracy in the United States, Direct democracy - Direct democracy in Canada

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History of democracy - Prehistoric democracies. The earliest forms of democracy may have originated in the bands and tribes of prehistoric times. These groups of people, related by blood and marriage, often assigned the most senior man in each group to be its leader. As groups became larger, a method of selecting a ruler from among the elders of various family lines had to be developed. This process began to take on more of a religious nature and could become either more or less democratic. Larger societies tende ...

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History of democracy, History of democracy - Origins, History of democracy - Prehistoric democracies, History of democracy - Ancient Greece, History of democracy - Local popular institutions, History of democracy - Rise of democracy in modern national governments, History of democracy - Pre-Eighteenth century milestones, History of democracy - Eighteenth and nineteenth century milestones, History of democracy - The secret ballot, History of democracy - 20th century waves of democracy, History of democracy - Main competitors to democracy, History of democracy - Contemporary trends, History of democracy - Ideas, History of democracy - Documents, History of democracy - People, History of democracy - Events

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Workplace democracy has a long history and arguably is much more basic and common to human work organization than is hierarchy. Workplace democracy - Associated with ideologies. These methods are often seen as associated with trade unions or syndicalism (or more lately eco-syndicalism), or in extreme forms anarcho-syndicalism. Most unions have democratic structures at least for selecting the leader, and sometimes these are seen as providing the only democratic aspects of work. However, unions are no ...

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Workplace democracy, Workplace democracy - History, Workplace democracy - Associated with ideologies, Workplace democracy - Studied by management science, Workplace democracy - Early theory, Workplace democracy - Relation to political theory, Workplace democracy - Current approaches, Workplace democracy - Limits of management, Workplace democracy - Influenced matrix management, Workplace democracy - Semler and Semco, Workplace democracy - versus Taylorism, Workplace democracy - Advantages and disadvantages, Workplace democracy - Individual career development, Workplace democracy - Organizational structure and management, Workplace democracy - Teams talent and careers, Workplace democracy - Not always applicable, Workplace democracy - External links

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History of democracy - Pre-Eighteenth century milestones. Renaissance humanism was a cultural movement in Europe beginning in central Italy (particularly Florence) in the last decades of the 14th century. It revived and refined the study of language (First Latin, and then the Greek language by mid-century), science, philosophy, art and poetry of classical antiquity. The "revival" was based on interpretations of Roman and Greek texts. Their emphasis on art and the senses ...

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History of democracy, History of democracy - Origins, History of democracy - Prehistoric democracies, History of democracy - Ancient Greece, History of democracy - Local popular institutions, History of democracy - Rise of democracy in modern national governments, History of democracy - Pre-Eighteenth century milestones, History of democracy - Eighteenth and nineteenth century milestones, History of democracy - The secret ballot, History of democracy - 20th century waves of democracy, History of democracy - Main competitors to democracy, History of democracy - Contemporary trends, History of democracy - Ideas, History of democracy - Documents, History of democracy - People, History of democracy - Events

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Workplace democracy is the application of democracy in all its forms (including voting systems, debates, democratic structuring, due process, adversarial process, systems of appeal, and so on) to the workplace. It usually involves or requires more use of lateral methods like arbitration when workplace disputes arise, but these are often carried out far more efficiently than the high-overhead methods common in undemocratic workplaces. Workplace democracy - History. Workplace democracy has a long histo ...

Including:

Workplace democracy - History
Workplace democracy - Associated with ideologies Workplace democracy - Studied by management science Workplace democracy - Early theory Workplace democracy - Relation to political theory
Workplace democracy - Current approaches
Workplace democracy - Limits of management Workplace democracy - Influenced matrix management Workplace democracy - Semler and Semco
Workplace democracy - versus Taylorism Workplace democracy - Advantages and disadvantages
Workplace democracy - Individual career development Workplace democracy - Organizational structure and management Workplace democracy - Teams talent and careers
Workplace democracy - Not always applicable

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Workplace democracy has a long history and arguably is much more basic and common to human work organization than is hierarchy. Workplace democracy - Associated with ideologies. These methods are often seen as associated with trade unions or syndicalism (or more lately eco-syndicalism), or in extreme forms anarcho-syndicalism. Most unions have democratic structures at least for selecting the leader, and sometimes these are seen as providing the only democratic aspects of work. However, unions are no ...

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Workplace democracy, Workplace democracy - History, Workplace democracy - Associated with ideologies, Workplace democracy - Studied by management science, Workplace democracy - Early theory, Workplace democracy - Relation to political theory, Workplace democracy - Current approaches, Workplace democracy - Limits of management, Workplace democracy - Influenced matrix management, Workplace democracy - Semler and Semco, Workplace democracy - versus Taylorism, Workplace democracy - Advantages and disadvantages, Workplace democracy - Individual career development, Workplace democracy - Organizational structure and management, Workplace democracy - Teams talent and careers, Workplace democracy - Not always applicable

Read more here: » Workplace democracy: Encyclopedia II - Workplace democracy - History

Politics Politics Portal Politics by country Political campaigns Political science Political philosophy Ideology History of democracy Direct democracy Representative democracy Participatory democracy Soviet democracy Liberal democracy Referendum Representation Voting Voting systems Elections by country Elections by date Parties by country Parties by name Parties ...

Including:

Referendum - Terminology Referendum - Procedure and status Referendum - Criticism
Referendum - Criticisms from representative democracy Referendum - Other criticisms
Referendum - Multiple-choice referendums Referendum - Referendums by country
Referendum - Australia Referendum - Canada Referendum - Iraq Referendum - Republic of Ireland Referendum - Italy Referendum - Sweden Referendum - Switzerland Referendum - United Kingdom Referendum - Other nations
Referendum - Sources
Referendum - Specific referendums

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Politics is the process by which decisions are made within groups. Although the term is generally applied to behavior within governments, politics is also observed in all human group interactions, including corporate, academic, and religious institutions. Politics Politics Portal Politics by country Political campaigns Political science Political philosophy Ideology History of democracy Direct democracy Representativ ...

Including:

Politics - A natural state Politics - Early history Politics - Definitions Politics - Political power
Politics - The Normative 'Faces of Power' Debate Politics - The Postmodern Challenge of Normative Views of Power Politics - Sociological Views of Power
Politics - Authority and legitimacy
Politics - Traditional Politics - Charismatic Politics - Legal-rational Politics - References

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The history of Athens is the longest of any city in Europe: Athens has been continuously inhabited for at least 3,000 years. It was the birthplace of democracy and it became the leading city of Ancient Greece in the first millennium BC. Its cultural achievements during the 5th century BC laid the foundations of western civilisation. During the Middle Ages, Athens experienced decline and then a recovery under the Byzantine Empire. Athens was relatively prosperous during the Crusades, benefiting from Italian trade. After a long period o ...

Including:

History of Athens - Origins and setting History of Athens - Early history History of Athens - Reform and democracy History of Athens - Classical Athens History of Athens - Byzantine Athens History of Athens - Ottoman Athens History of Athens - Modern Athens History of Athens - Notable Athenians History of Athens - Ancient sites in Athens

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Many parties in the second half of the 19th century described themselves as social democratic, such as the British Social Democratic Federation, and the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. In most cases these were revolutionary socialist or Marxist groups, who were not only seeking to introduce socialism, but also democracy in un-democratic countries. The modern social democratic current came into being through a break within the socialist movement in the early 20th century, between two groups holding different views on the ideas ...

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Social democracy, Social democracy - Social democratic political parties, Social democracy - Democratic socialism versus Social democracy, Social democracy - History, Social democracy - Views of Social Democrats today, Social democracy - Criticism of social democracy, Social democracy - List of Social democrats, Social democracy - External link

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Christian Democracy is a political ideology, born at the end of the 19th century, largely as a result of the papal encyclical Rerum Novarum of Pope Leo XIII, in which the Vatican recognized workers' misery and agreed that something should be done about it, in reaction to the rise of the socialist and trade-union movements. The position of the Roman Catholic Church on this matter was further clarified in a subsequent encyclic ...

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Christian Democracy, Christian Democracy - History, Christian Democracy - Christian Democracy Internationally, Christian Democracy - Famous Christian Democrats, Christian Democracy - External link

Read more here: » Christian Democracy: Encyclopedia II - Christian Democracy - History

Many parties in the second half of the 19th century described themselves as social democratic, such as the British Social Democratic Federation, and the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. In some cases these were revolutionary socialist or Marxist groups, who were not only seeking to introduce socialism, but also democracy in un-democratic countries. The modern social democratic current came into being through a break within the socialist movement in the early 20th century, between two groups holding different views on the ideas ...

See also:

Social democracy, Social democracy - Social democratic political parties, Social democracy - Democratic socialism versus Social democracy, Social democracy - History, Social democracy - Views of Social Democrats today, Social democracy - Criticism of social democracy, Social democracy - List of Social democrats, Social democracy - See Also, Social democracy - External link

Read more here: » Social democracy: Encyclopedia II - Social democracy - History

The democracy of Ancient Greece was a nonpartisan, direct democracy where eligible citizens voted on laws themselves rather than electing representatives. Historians have frequently interpreted Federalist No. 10 to imply that the Founding Fathers of the United States intended the government to be nonpartisan. James Madison defined a faction as "a number of citizens, whether amounting to a minority or majority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other cit ...

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Non-partisan democracy, Non-partisan democracy - Advantages, Non-partisan democracy - Elections, Non-partisan democracy - Legislatures, Non-partisan democracy - Examples, Non-partisan democracy - History

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Christian Democracy Italy - Early years. The party was in part a revival of the Italian People's Party (italian: Partito Popolare Italiano) created in 1919 by the priest Don Luigi Sturzo but declared illegal by the Fascist regime in 1925 despite the presence of some members in Benito Mussolini's first government. As Fascism's ruin approached in the latter years of World War II, the Christian Democrats started organising post-Fascist Italy in certain competition but also for a time in coalition with ...

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Christian Democracy Italy, Christian Democracy Italy - History, Christian Democracy Italy - Early years, Christian Democracy Italy - Forty-four years in power, Christian Democracy Italy - Factionalism, Christian Democracy Italy - Aldo Moro's murder, Christian Democracy Italy - Corruption and relations to the Mafia, Christian Democracy Italy - Ideology

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In 1987 Augusto Pinochet, the de facto President of Chile, legalized the political parties and rallied a prebiscite to determine his continuity in power. Several parties, such as the Christian Democracy, the Socialists, the Radical Party, etc. were gathered in the Alianza Democrática (Democratic Alliance) and in 1988, due to the plebiscite, those and other parties, such as the Humanists, the Greens, the Socialdemocrats, and several factions of the Socialist Party (disregarded due to their renewal) joined themselves in the "Concerta ...

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Coalition of Parties for Democracy, Coalition of Parties for Democracy - History, Coalition of Parties for Democracy - Member parties, Coalition of Parties for Democracy - Original member parties, Coalition of Parties for Democracy - External link

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The Foundation for the Defense of Democracies is a non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C. that conducts research and education on the war on terrorism. It was founded shortly after the September 11th attacks in 2001. We produce independent analyses of global terrorist threats, exploring the historical, cultural, philosophical and ideological factors that drive terrorism and threaten the individual freedoms guaranteed within democrat ...

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Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, Foundation for the Defense of Democracies - Mission and History, Foundation for the Defense of Democracies - Pro-Democracy Programs, Foundation for the Defense of Democracies - Educational Programs, Foundation for the Defense of Democracies - Other Programs, Foundation for the Defense of Democracies - Oil for Food Scandal

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Members of the camp include and social workers and social activists who took part in the district board, Urban Council and Regional Council elections in the early 1980s, and professionals, mainly solicitors and barristers, who entered the Legislative Council when functional constituencies were introduced in the mid-1980s. Several political groups existed during the era. The foundation of its public support traces back to the crackdown of the protests at the Tiananmen Square in Beijing in 1989, which was widely concerned, symphathised and sup ...

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Pro-democracy camp, Pro-democracy camp - History, Pro-democracy camp - Members of the camp

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